STARComm Scalably Detects Emergent Modules of Spatial Cell-Cell Communication in Inflammation and Cancer.

Unlabelled: In humans, cell-cell communication orchestrates tissue organization, immune coordination, and repair, yet spatially mapping these interactions remains a challenge for biology. We introduce STARComm, a scalable-interpretable computational method that identifies Multicellular Communication Interaction Modules (MCIMs) by detecting spatially co-located receptor-ligand activity from high-plex spatial transcriptomics in 2D and 3D. Applied to an atlas of >14million cells across 8 cancers, STARComm revealed 24 conserved and tumor-specific MCIMs, including a fibro-immune module with targetable axes linked to immune exclusion and immunotherapy resistance.

An Approach for Detecting Mangrove Areas and Mapping Species Using Multispectral Drone Imagery and Deep Learning.

Mangrove ecosystems are important in tropical and subtropical coastal zones, contributing to marine biodiversity and maintaining marine ecological balance. It is crucial to develop more efficient, intelligent, and accurate monitoring methods for mangroves to understand better and protect mangrove ecosystems. This study promotes a novel model, MangroveNet, for integrating multi-scale spectral and spatial information and detecting mangrove area.

The Immunoregulatory Architecture of the Adult Oral Cavity.

The oral cavity is a critical barrier with immunosurveillance capabilities. A detailed understanding of its cellular, molecular, and spatial architecture is essential for advancing precision medicine across aerodigestive tissues. Here, we present the first integrated atlas of human adult oral and craniofacial tissues, derived from single-cell RNA sequencing of ~250,000 cells from 70 samples across 13 niches, including salivary glands and oral mucosae.

Role and value of the tumor microenvironment in the progression and treatment resistance of gastric cancer (Review).

Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by a complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) that significantly influences disease progression and treatment outcomes. The tumor stroma, which is composed of a variety of cell types such as cancer‑associated fibroblasts, immune cells and vascular components, displays significant spatial and temporal diversity. These stromal elements engage in dynamic crosstalk with cancer cells, shaping their proliferative, invasive and metastatic potential.

Tertiary lymphoid structures in colorectal cancer.

Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic clusters of immune cells found in non-lymphoid tissues, particularly within the tumor microenvironment (TME). These structures resemble secondary lymphoid organs and have been identified in various solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), where they are associated with favorable prognosis. The role of TLS in modulating the immune response within the TME and their impact on cancer prognosis has garnered increasing attention in recent years.

Adaptive Neural Control for Hysteretic Nonlinear Systems With Hysteresis Neural Direct Inverse Compensator and Its Application.

Aiming at high precision control for a class of hysteretic nonlinear systems, a new hysteresis direct inverse compensator-based adaptive output feedback control scheme is designed in this article. First, a novel long short-term memory neural network (LSTMNN)-based hysteresis inverse compensator is established to compensate the asymmetric hysteresis nonlinearity, where the LSTMNN is used as the prediction mechanism for model operator weights, rather than the overall mapping of hysteresis input and output. Second, by designing the modified high-gain K-Filter states observer and the error transformed function, the unmeasurable states are estimated with arbitrarily small estimation error and the prespecified tracking performance is achieved.

Serum Gasdermin D for Early Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infection and Differentiating Bacterial From Fungal Infections.

Background: The role of gasdermin D (GSDMD) in bloodstream infection (BSI) diagnosis is unknown.

Methods: Serum GSDMD levels were measured in patients with BSI. Endothelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and infected with bacteria/fungi, and intracellular/extracellular GSDMD concentrations were measured.

Effects of Ion Irradiation and Temperature on Mechanical Properties of GaN Single Crystals under Nanoindentation.

Understanding the impact of irradiation and temperature on the mechanical properties of GaN single crystals holds significant relevance for rational designs and applications of GaN-based transistors, lasers, and sensors. This study systematically investigates the influence of C-ion irradiation and temperature on pop-in events, hardness, Young's modulus, and fracture behavior of GaN single crystals through nanoindentation experiments. In comparison with unirradiated GaN samples, the pop-in phenomenon for ion-irradiated GaN samples is associated with a larger critical indentation load, which decreases with increasing temperature.

Synthesis of Substituted of Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-]pyrimidines through (3 + 2+1) Cyclization of 2-Aminobenzimidazole, Acetophenone, and ,-Dimethylformamide as One-Carbon Synthon.

An efficient method for the construction of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-]pyrimidines using ,-dimethylformamide as a one-carbon source and 2-aminobenzimidazoles and acetophenone as substrates through a one-pot, three-component cascade reaction is described. Spectra investigations indicated the fluorescent properties of selected products, exhibiting quantum yields 0.07-0.

One-pot Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted-4(3)-quinazolinone from o-aminobenzoic Acid and DMF Derivatives using Imidazole Hydrochloride as a Promoter.

As a novel and environmentally friendly Brönsted acid, imidazole hydrochloride was used to promote the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted-4(3H)-quinazolinone from o-aminobenzoic acid and DMF derivatives. The essence of this reaction is a multicomponent reaction, which constructs multiple chemical bonds between different components through the transamidation of imidazole hydrochloride. This protocol showed a wide range of functional group tolerance, and a series of quinazolinones were synthesized in low to moderate yields without metal catalysts, oxidants or other additives.

Changes and protections of urban habitat quality in Shanghai of China.

Habitat quality has been widely used as an important indicator in the evaluation of regional ecological security and ecosystem services. Previous studies have focused on the influences of urbanization on habitat quality, but the protection measures about how to respond to the dynamic changes of habitat quality patterns are still unclear. This study investigated the habitat quality in the metropolitan region of China (Shanghai) by using InVEST model, and analyzed its dynamic changes from 2000 to 2017 for the sake of providing different protection objects and measures for Shanghai.

Decentralized Implicit Inverse Control for Large-Scale Hysteretic Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems and Its Application on Triple-Axis Giant Magnetostrictive Actuators.

This article proposes fuzzy-logic systems (FLSs)-based decentralized adaptive implicit inverse control scheme for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems with time delays and multihysteretic loops. Our novel algorithms feature hysteretic implicit inverse compensators designed to effectively mitigate multihysteretic loops in large-scale systems. In this article, hysteretic implicit inverse compensators can replace the traditional hysteretic inverse models, which are exceedingly difficult to construct, and no longer necessary.

Environment-Dependent Radiation Tolerance of Graphene Transistors under Proton Irradiation.

Electronic devices based on two-dimensional materials are promising for application in space instrumentation because of their small size and low power consumption, and irradiation tolerance of these devices is required because of the existence of energetic particles in aerospace conditions. We investigate the performance degradation of graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) with 3 MeV protons by using an in situ irradiation facility. Our results indicate that GFET performance degraded severely at the ion fluence of 8 × 10 cm.

Protective Effect of Neonatal Hepatitis B Vaccine Against HBV Breakthrough Infection in Children with Leukemia: A Real-world Study.

Background And Aims: Hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective preventive measure against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the risk of HBV breakthrough infection in fully immunized children (neonatal hepatitis B immunization) who receive immunosuppressive therapy and transfusion of blood components is not well characterized. In this real-world study, we aimed to investigate the immune protection conferred by neonatal hepatitis B vaccine in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were treated with immunosuppressive therapy and blood component transfusions.

Application and Development of Biocontrol Agents in China.

While the growing population in the world has a large demand for food, agriculture and forestry are currently facing severe challenges due to phytopathogens and pests along with global warming. For half a century chemical pesticides and fertilizers have made a great contribution to agricultural production. However, the excessive use of chemical agents has caused obvious side effects on the environment and the sustainable development of agriculture in the long term.

Reduced Circulating Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products in Chronic Hepatitis B Are Associated with Hepatic Necroinflammation.

The diagnosis and disease management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain challenging due to the elusive assessment of disease severity. Recently, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) has been implicated in the inflammatory-immune response initiated by liver injury. Nonetheless, its natural behavior and clinical importance in CHB remain elusive.

Species Associated With Bark Beetles From China, With the Description of Nine New Species.

Fungi of the genus are frequently associated with bark beetles that feed on phloem on various woody hosts. Most studies on were carried out in North and South America and Europe, with only two species being reported from Taiwan, China. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of species in China.

Mechanical Properties of GaN Single Crystals upon C Ion Irradiation: Nanoindentation Analysis.

Mechanical properties of gallium nitride (GaN) single crystals upon carbon ion irradiation are examined using nanoindentation analysis at room temperature. Pop-in events in the load-depth curves are observed for unirradiated and irradiated GaN samples. A statistical linear relationship between the critical indentation load for the occurrence of the pop-in event and the associated displacement jump is exhibited.

Ophiostomatoid species associated with pine trees ( spp.) infested by from eastern China, including five new species.

attacks various economically important conifers. Similar to other bark beetles, plays a role as a vector for an assortment of fungi and nematodes. Previously, several ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from in Poland and Japan.

Adaptive Neural Digital Control of Hysteretic Systems With Implicit Inverse Compensator and Its Application on Magnetostrictive Actuator.

Hysteresis is a complex nonlinear effect in smart materials-based actuators, which degrades the positioning performance of the actuator, especially when the hysteresis shows asymmetric characteristics. In order to mitigate the asymmetric hysteresis effect, an adaptive neural digital dynamic surface control (DSC) scheme with the implicit inverse compensator is developed in this article. The implicit inverse compensator for the purpose of compensating for the hysteresis effect is applied to find the compensation signal by searching the optimal control laws from the hysteresis output, which avoids the construction of the inverse hysteresis model.

Compound Adaptive Fuzzy Quantized Control for Quadrotor and Its Experimental Verification.

This article aims to realize a precise position and attitude tracking control for the quadrotor using a proposed fuzzy approximator-based compound adaptive fuzzy quantized control scheme. In the control scheme, a quantized output-feedback control for position tracking and a state-feedback quantized control for attitude trajectory tracking are combined to deal with the underactuated and strong coupling problems of the quadrotor. The main contributions are: 1) the adaptive fuzzy quantized control is realized, then the strong nonlinearities caused by the quantizer are effectively mitigated, which implies that the control precision can be improved when a low communication rate is required in the real-time control system of quadrotor; 2) by applying the adaptive fuzzy dynamic surface control (DSC) technique to the underactuated quadrotor control system, the "explosion of complexity" problem in the backstepping method is overcome and the L tracking performance is achieved with the proposed initializing technique inspired by Zhang et al.