Facile laser synthesized low precious metal catalysts enable efficient HER in alkaline and acidic media.

Scalable water electrolysis requires mass-producible electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at high current densities. We developed a pulsed laser fusion method to synthesize Pd-CuInPS composites on graphene or MXene TiC nanosheets. These catalysts exhibit enhanced charge transfer and abundant active sites, outperforming commercial Pt/C in both acidic (0.

G-CN Facilitates MOF-Derived with an Ultra-High Fe-N Proportion for a Record-Low ΔE of 0.615 V in Single-Atom Catalyst for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries.

In this study, an ultra-high Fe-N proportion single-atom catalyst (g-Fe SAC) was synthesized on nitrogen-doped porous carbon using ZIF-7-NH as the precursor material. Comprehensive characterization via spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscope (AC-TEM) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) confirmed atomic dispersion of Fe species and dominant Fe-N coordination configurations. Density functional theory (DFT) analyses demonstrated that thermally metastable FeN/FeN intermediates undergo structural evolution into stabilized FeN motifs through interfacial interactions with g-CN-derived molecular frameworks.

Heterologous expression, enzymatic properties, product analysis and molecular docking of assimilative nitrite reductase (NiR) in Bacillus velezensis GXMZU-B1 derived from mariculture.

High concentrations of nitrite stress aquatic animals, leading to significant fish and shrimp deaths as well as environmental pollution. Reducing nitrite levels in high-density aquaculture is crucial for both aquaculture safety and environmental protection. Nitrite reductase (NiR) can rapidly reduce nitrite in water, offering potential applications in aquaculture and water treatment.

Optimized Isolation of Lysosome-Related Organelles from Stationary Phase and Iron-Overloaded Cells.

Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are a class of heterogeneous subcellular organelles conserved in eukaryotes, performing various functions. An important function of LROs is to mediate phosphorus and metal homeostasis. serves as a model organism for investigating metal ion metabolism.

Effects of Ion Irradiation and Temperature on Mechanical Properties of GaN Single Crystals under Nanoindentation.

Understanding the impact of irradiation and temperature on the mechanical properties of GaN single crystals holds significant relevance for rational designs and applications of GaN-based transistors, lasers, and sensors. This study systematically investigates the influence of C-ion irradiation and temperature on pop-in events, hardness, Young's modulus, and fracture behavior of GaN single crystals through nanoindentation experiments. In comparison with unirradiated GaN samples, the pop-in phenomenon for ion-irradiated GaN samples is associated with a larger critical indentation load, which decreases with increasing temperature.

Carbyne Nanocrystal: One-Dimensional van der Waals Crystal.

In terms of carbon-atom hybridization, well-established forms of carbon are the first carbon diamond with three-dimensional sp-hybridized carbon atoms and the second carbon graphite with two-dimensional sp-hybridized carbon atoms which have been known and utilized for millennia. Sequentially, there is the third carbon, , carbyne with one-dimensional (1D) sp-hybridized carbon atoms, which would result in an allotrope of carbon. Here, we demonstrate that carbyne nanocrystals (CNCs) are 1D van der Waals crystals (1D-vdWCs) composed of 1D carbon chains with sp-hybridized carbon atoms, and van der Waals action occurs between carbon chains based on an atomic insight into 1D sp-carbon chains.

Molecular Luminescence of White Carbon.

Four-color emission modulated by the molecular chain length from white carbon (carbyne crystals) is observed. It is also established that a carbyne molecule with four carbon atoms is the basic unit or building block to construct carbyne crystals, where the chain length of the carbyne molecule in the synthesized carbyne crystals follows the rule of 4n (n = 1, 2, 3, …).

Design, synthesis and inhibitory activity against human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) of 1,3-benzoazole derivatives bearing amide units.

A series of 1,3-benzoazole derivatives possessing amide moieties were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors against human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH). Compounds A11, A14 and A26 exhibited good to excellent activities against hDHODH at the concentration of 10μM. In particular, compound A14 displayed an IC50 value of 0.

High glucose induces autophagy of MC3T3-E1 cells via ROS-AKT-mTOR axis.

In the present study, we investigate the function of ROS-AKT-mTOR axis on the apoptosis, proliferation and autophagy of MC3T3-E1 cells, and the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells after autophagy inhibition under high glucose conditions. MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in vitro were divided into the following groups: normal control group, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) group, 11.0 mM high glucose group, 11.

MicroRNA-335-5p inhibits osteoblast apoptosis induced by high glucose.

Diabetic osteoporosis represents a serious health condition with increasing incidence. Previous studies have shown that microRNA (miR)-335-5p is highly expressed in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and promotes their differentiation via downregulating the expression of dickkopf‑1 (DKK1). The present study investigated the effects of miR‑335‑5p on apoptosis of osteoblasts induced by high glucose (HG), as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Carbyne with finite length: The one-dimensional sp carbon.

Carbyne is the one-dimensional allotrope of carbon composed of sp-hybridized carbon atoms. Definitive evidence for carbyne has remained elusive despite its synthesis and preparation in the laboratory. Given the remarkable technological breakthroughs offered by other allotropes of carbon, including diamond, graphite, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, interest in carbyne and its unusual potential properties remains intense.

Electronic Reconstruction of α-Ag2WO4 Nanorods for Visible-Light Photocatalysis.

α-Ag2WO4 (AWO) has been studied extensively due to its H2 evolution and organic pollution degradation ability under the irradiation of UV light. However, the band gap of AWO is theoretically calculated to be 3.55 eV, resulting in its sluggish reaction to visible light.

A novel colorimetric fluoride sensor based on a semi-rigid chromophore controlled by hydrogen bonding.

A novel semi-rigid latent chromophore E1, containing an amide subunit activated by an adjacent semi-rigid intramolecular hydrogen-bonding (IHB) unit, was designed for the detection of fluoride ion by the 'naked-eye' in CH3CN. Comparative studies on structural analogs (E2, E3, and E4) provided significant insight into the structural and functional role of the amide N-H and IHB segment in the selective recognition of fluoride ions. The deprotonation of the amide N-H followed by the enhancement of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) induced the colorimetric detection of E1 for fluoride ion.

Insulin glargine effectively achieves glycemic control and improves insulin resistance in patients with early type 2 diabetes that exhibit a high risk for cardiovascular disease.

In the present study, the clinical efficacy and safety of administering insulin glargine to early type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus patients with a high risk for cardiovascular disease were assessed. A total of 42 early T2D patients at a high risk for cardiovascular disease were randomly divided into an insulin-glargine group and a standard-care group. The patients in the insulin-glargine group received oral antidiabetic agents plus glargine once a day via a subcutaneous injection.

Ferromagnetism and semiconducting of boron nanowires.

More recently, motivated by extensively technical applications of carbon nanostructures, there is a growing interest in exploring novel non-carbon nanostructures. As the nearest neighbor of carbon in the periodic table, boron has exceptional properties of low volatility and high melting point and is stronger than steel, harder than corundum, and lighter than aluminum. Boron nanostructures thus are expected to have broad applications in various circumstances.

[Characterization of the changes in comparative genomic hybridization in esophageal cancer patients with family history].

Objective: To characterize the profile of chromosomal imbalances in esophageal cancer (EC) with or without family history in Linzhou, Henan Province of China.

Methods: Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to examine 13 cases with positive family history of EC and 32 cases with negative family history of EC. RESULTS DNA copy number gains on chromosome 10q was observed only in the cases with postivie family history of EC (30%), and none in cases with a negative family history (P<0.

The electronic structure evolution of DNA during its conformation transition process.

We combined classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with ab initio calculations to study the electronic structure evolution of DNA during its conformation transition process. By using MD simulation, we obtained the conformation transition trajectory of an oligonucleotide poly(dC)-poly(dG), from which we selected a series of representative conformations and then performed ab initio calculations for these conformations to reveal their electronic structures. Counterintuitively, the results indicate that during the conformation transition process of DNA, thermal fluctuation plays a more important role than global conformation parameters in affecting the electronic structure of DNA.

The electronic structure of a single-walled aluminosilicate nanotube.

The geometric structure and electronic structure of an imogolite nanotube have been studied using density functional theory (DFT). The calculation results indicate that the deformation of the material leads to structural electric charges on the tube wall. This hydrous aluminosilicate single-walled nanotube is a wide gap semiconductor with a direct band gap, E(g)∼3.

From pure C(60) to silicon carbon fullerene-based nanotube: an ab initio study.

The energetics, geometrical, and electronic properties of the silicon carbon fullerene-based materials, obtained from C(60) by replacing 12 carbon atoms of the C(60) cage with silicon atoms, are studied based on ab initio calculations. We have found that, of the two C(48)Si(12) isomers obtained, the one with the carbon atoms and the silicon atoms located in separated region, i.e.