Machine learning-assisted MALDI-MSI to characterize hippocampal subregion lipid and purine metabolic alterations in depression-related dry eye disease.

Dry eye disease (DED) and depression exhibit high comorbidity, yet lipid and purine diagnostic biomarkers for depression-related DED remain unidentified. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was employed to conduct, for the first time, localization analysis of small-molecule substances, within the CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG subregions of the hippocampal tissue in rats with depression-related DED. Our findings indicate that the 9-aminoacridine (9AA) matrix enabled visualization of over 120 diverse metabolites in each hippocampal region.

Development and validation of potential molecular subtypes and signatures of ocular sarcoidosis based on autophagy-related gene analysis.

Background: Sarcoidosis is characterized by the proliferation of noncaseating granulomas and presents as a complex chronic inflammatory disease. Autophagy plays a crucial role in the initiation, progression, and treatment resistance of various cancers. Despite the recognized importance of autophagy, the involvement of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in the pathophysiology of ocular sarcoidosis (OS) remains largely unexplored.

Integrated multiple machine learning and Mendelian randomization reveal LTF gene as a prognostic biomarker for nonspecific orbital inflammation.

Background: Nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI), also known as idiopathic orbital inflammation, comprises a heterogeneous group of immune-mediated disorders affecting orbital tissues, unified by the absence of a defined etiology. Lactotransferrin (LTF), an iron-binding glycoprotein, exerts potent antimicrobial activity by sequestering iron essential for microbial growth, and demonstrates broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties.

Methods: LTF was identified through the intersection analysis of common DEGs from datasets GSE58331 and GSE105149 from the GEO database, alongside immune-related gene lists from the ImmPort database, using Multiple Machine learning and WGCNA analysis.

Acupuncture for retinitis pigmentosa: a comprehensive review.

No notable developments in the existing therapeutic approaches for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) exist to date, leaving many patients seeking alternative treatments. Among these alternatives, acupuncture has gained increasing popularity among physicians due to its perceived effectiveness. Acupuncture has been applied in the treatment of RP and has achieved good therapeutic effects, as reflected in the improvement of vision.

Dry Eye Disease: Oxidative Stress on Ocular Surface and Cutting-Edge Antioxidants.

Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by tear film instability, is pathologically linked to oxidative damage. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) across ocular tissues not only directly damages nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, but also functions as an upstream driver of inflammation and tear hyperosmolarity, collectively disrupting cellular homeostasis. This review comprehensively delineates the mechanistic interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and DED pathogenesis, synthesizing evidence on enzymatic/ nonenzymatic antioxidant alterations in samples of corneal, lacrimal, conjunctival, meibomian gland, and tear tissues, alongside quantitative profiling of OS biomarkers, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT).

Toll-like Receptor Expression Patterns in the Female Reproductive Tract of Sheep.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in innate immunity, but their function in reproduction remains poorly understood. This study investigated the expression patterns and localization of TLR1-9 in the reproductive system of Hu sheep and their potential association with prolificacy. All TLRs were expressed in the oviduct, uterus, and ovary, with TLR6 showing significantly higher expression in the oviduct, while TLR3, TLR6, and TLR7 were predominantly expressed in the ovary.

Immune Regulation and ECM-Related Pathway Enrichment Reveal ATP2A3 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation: An Integrated Machine Learning and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder of the orbit with an unclear etiology. ATP2A3, a key regulator of calcium homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), may play a pivotal role in NSOI pathogenesis. Its potential as a diagnostic biomarker merits thorough investigation.

Chlorogenic acid attenuates oxidative damage in rat lacrimal gland epithelial cells via PI3K/AKT/FoxO3 signaling: network pharmacology and experimental evidence.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are crucial in dry eye pathogenesis. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of chlorogenic acid (CGA) have been studied in various fields, including ophthalmology. However, its therapeutic effects on dry eye remain unclear.

Relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The association between myopia and dry eye disease (DED) has recently garnered considerable attention. This study aimed to compare the diagnosis rates of DED and its indicators between myopic and emmetropic patients to elucidate the association between myopia and DED.

Methods: We retrieved relevant literature published through November 2024 from English databases, such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, as well as Chinese databases, such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP, and SinoMed.

Development and validation of potential molecular subtypes and signatures of thyroid eye disease based on angiogenesis-related gene analysis.

Background: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit, associated with a range of potential clinical sequelae. Tumor cells in TED overexpress pro-angiogenic factors, driving the formation of heterogeneous and immature neovascularization. This dysregulated angiogenesis often leads to a hypoxic microenvironment due to insufficient perfusion.

Glaucoma animal models in rabbits: State of the art and perspectives-A review.

Glaucoma, a visual thief, is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Selecting suitable animals for preclinical models is of great significance in research on the prevention, early screening, and effective treatments of glaucoma. Rabbit eyeballs possess similar vascularity and aqueous humor outflow pathways to those of humans.

Exploring the effect of chlorogenic acid on oxidative stress and autophagy in dry eye mice via the AMPK/ULK1 pathway.

Dry eye disease (DED) is closely associated with oxidative stress (OS); its high prevalence and the limitations of current treatments highlight the need for highly effective antioxidants. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) can upregulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, hinder the process of lipid peroxidation, and exert potent antioxidant effects. In this study, we established an OS-induced DED mouse model to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of CGA against OS-induced DED.

β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Steroidogenesis in Granulosa Cells Associated with Sheep Prolificacy via Activating AMPK Pathway.

Oxidative stress is a significant factor in the death of granulosa cells (GCs), leading to follicular atresia and consequently limiting the number of dominant follicles that can mature and ovulate within each follicular wave. Follicular fluid contains a diverse array of metabolites that play crucial roles in regulating GCs' proliferation and oocyte maturation, which are essential for follicle development and female fertility. However, the mechanisms behind metabolite heterogeneity and its effects on GCs' function remain poorly understood.

Evaluation of Auricular Acupressure on Myopia Prevention among Children Aged 6-12 Years with Pre-Myopia in China: Study Protocol of a Prospective Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The increasing prevalence of myopia among Chinese children and adolescents, especially at younger ages, has emerged as a significant concern in recent years. Pre-myopia is a key period for myopia prevention and control in children and adolescents. Previous studies suggested auricular acupressure (AA) therapy might offer a viable approach to prevent and slow down myopia progression.

Evaluating urban water ecological carrying capacity and obstacles to its achievement using an integrated DPSIR-based approach: A case study of 16 cities in Hubei Province, China.

Urban Water Ecological Carrying Capacity (UWECC) is an important dimension for measuring the health of urban water ecosystems and is crucial for promoting the coordination between economic and social development and ecological protection. This study introduces a novel UWECC assessment method by coupling criterion layers with driving indicators and is the first to examine the impact of COVID-19 on UWECC. Taking the 16 prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province, China, as an example, first a comprehensive evaluation index system for UWECC was constructed based on the DPSIR framework.

Inorganic nitrogen inhibits symbiotic nitrogen fixation through blocking NRAMP2-mediated iron delivery in soybean nodules.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume-rhizobia serves as a sustainable source of nitrogen (N) in agriculture. However, the addition of inorganic N fertilizers significantly inhibits SNF, and the underlying mechanisms remain not-well understood. Here, we report that inorganic N disrupts iron (Fe) homeostasis in soybean nodules, leading to a decrease in SNF efficiency.

Integrated machine learning and Mendelian randomization reveal PALMD as a prognostic biomarker for nonspecific orbital inflammation.

Background: Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation (NSOI) remains a perplexing enigma among proliferative inflammatory disorders. Its etiology is idiopathic, characterized by distinctive and polymorphous lymphoid infiltration within the orbital region. Preliminary investigations suggest that PALMD localizes within the cytosol, potentially playing a crucial role in cellular processes, including plasma membrane dynamics and myogenic differentiation.

Deciphering the role of HLF in idiopathic orbital inflammation: integrative analysis via bioinformatics and machine learning techniques.

Idiopathic orbital inflammation, formerly known as NSOI (nonspecific orbital inflammation), is characterized as a spectrum disorder distinguished by the polymorphic infiltration of lymphoid tissue, presenting a complex and poorly understood etiology. Recent advancements have shed light on the HLF (Human lactoferrin), proposing its critical involvement in the regulation of hematopoiesis and the maintenance of innate mucosal immunity. This revelation has generated significant interest in exploring HLF's utility as a biomarker for NSOI, despite the existing gaps in our understanding of its biosynthetic pathways and operational mechanisms.

Mechanistic elucidation of QiJu-DiHuang Wan in management of age-related dry eye through metabolomics and network pharmacology.

Background: QiJu-DiHuang Wan (QJDHW), a frequently employed Chinese herbal formula, is used to treat blurred vision. Even so, it is unclear how it works in treating age-related dry eyes.

Objective: The aim of this research is to explore the potential mechanisms of QJDHW in treating dry eye using UHPLC-QE-MS, metabolomics, and network pharmacology.

Nitrogen inhibition of nitrogenase activity involves the modulation of cytosolic invertase in soybean nodule.

Legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is suppressed by inorganic nitrogen (N) in the soil. High N inhibition of nitrogenase activity is associated with the deprivation of carbon allocation and metabolism in nodules. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Elucidating the multifaceted roles of GPR146 in non-specific orbital inflammation: a concerted analytical approach through the prisms of bioinformatics and machine learning.

Background: Non-specific Orbital Inflammation (NSOI) is a chronic idiopathic condition marked by extensive polymorphic lymphoid infiltration in the orbital area. The integration of metabolic and immune pathways suggests potential therapeutic roles for C-peptide and G protein-coupled receptor 146 (GPR146) in diabetes and its sequelae. However, the specific mechanisms through which GPR146 modulates immune responses remain poorly understood.

The roles of IRF8 in nonspecific orbital inflammation: an integrated analysis by bioinformatics and machine learning.

Background: Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation (NSOI) represents a persistent and idiopathic proliferative inflammatory disorder, characterized by polymorphous lymphoid infiltration within the orbit. The transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8), integral to the IRF protein family, was initially identified as a pivotal element for the commitment and differentiation of myeloid cell lineage. Serving as a central regulator of innate immune receptor signaling, IRF8 orchestrates a myriad of functions in hematopoietic cell development.

Role of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 in granulosa cells of hu sheep ovaries.

The objective of this study was to examine the expression patterns of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) in the ovaries of Hu sheep and to explore the key downstream factors of SFRP5 in sheep granulosa cells (GCs) using RNA-seq. In the present study, SFRP5 was widely expressed in the ovary and localized to GCs and oocytes during various stages of follicular development. In addition, the expression of SFRP5 increased with follicular diameter.

GmNLP1 and GmNLP4 activate nitrate-induced CLE peptides NIC1a/b to mediate nitrate-regulated root nodulation.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an energy-intensive process, to maintain the balance between growth and nitrogen fixation, high concentrations of nitrate inhibit root nodulation. However, the precise mechanism underlying the nitrate inhibition of nodulation in soybean remains elusive. In this study, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of GmNLP1 and GmNLP4 unveiled a notable nitrate-tolerant nodulation phenotype.

Bioinformatic validation and machine learning-based exploration of purine metabolism-related gene signatures in the context of immunotherapeutic strategies for nonspecific orbital inflammation.

Background: Nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI) represents a perplexing and persistent proliferative inflammatory disorder of idiopathic nature, characterized by a heterogeneous lymphoid infiltration within the orbital region. This condition, marked by the aberrant metabolic activities of its cellular constituents, starkly contrasts with the metabolic equilibrium found in healthy cells. Among the myriad pathways integral to cellular metabolism, purine metabolism emerges as a critical player, providing the building blocks for nucleic acid synthesis, such as DNA and RNA.