China Expert consensus on the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the etiological diagnosis of infections in hematological disorders (2024).

Infections are frequent complications in patients with hematological disorders, and pathogen diagnosis remains challenging. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an unbiased high-throughput technology that has been widely applied in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, to date, there are no established international guidelines or expert consensuses regarding the use of mNGS to diagnose infections in patients with hematologic disorders.

Safety and efficacy of semi-dose venetoclax plus azacitidine in unfit acute myeloid leukemia patients in China: a real-world single-center study.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carries a poor prognosis in elderly or medically unfit patients, with median overall survival (OS) of only 7-8 months for those ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. While venetoclax (VEN) combined with azacitidine (AZA) has become a standard therapy, real-world evidence indicates that Asian patients experience higher VEN exposure and toxicity with the standard 400 mg/day dose. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a reduced-dose regimen (VEN 200 mg/day + AZA) in frail/elderly Chinese AML patients deemed unfit for intensive therapy.

STRaM: A genetic framework for improved cell product provenance for research and clinical translations.

Multiple assessment checks are required to handle the increasingly complex engineered-cell and cell-line provenance. To manage the biosafety and efficacy demands, we developed a bioinformatic pipeline for de novo profiling of short tandem repeats and mutations (STRaM) to identify and track homologous edited/engineered cells. The core technology of STRaM comprises an error-sensing bioinformatic pipeline with 3 analysis modules (STR analysis, STR flanking analysis and EMS analysis) for profiling, and an integrated assessment system with three indices for the respective reporting of identity, purity and genetic modifications of tested cells.

HERV-K TM Subunit Elicits CD8 T Cell Anergy and Tumor Immune Evasion via Targeting CD3 Coreceptor ε in AML and PDAC.

CD8 T cell anergy is a critical driver of cancer immune evasion, but the underlying causes and mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the functional human endogenous retroviruses-K envelope (HERV-K Env) subunit transmembrane (K-TM) is identified as a potent viral immune checkpoint that induces CD8 T cell anergy and elicits immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC). K-TM subunits are highly expressed in CD8 T cells and enriched in sera of cancer patients.

Analysis of logistics efficiency in Guangdong and its neighboring provinces based on the DEA-Malmquist index.

With the development of economic globalization, logistics has become a crucial link in the global supply chain. In the backdrop of growing environmental concerns and the need for more efficient business operations, sustainable logistics and advanced supply chain management have emerged as imperative components. Effective supply chain management.

Case Report: Primary cardiac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with sick sinus syndrome and literature review on disease management and therapeutic strategies.

Background: Primary cardiac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare but clinically challenging extranodal lymphoma. Diagnosis and management are often complicated due to its nonspecific symptoms and rarity.

Case Report: We reported a case of a 73-year-old male who initially presented with chest pain, high fever, dizziness, and amaurosis.

Carfilzomib plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone as salvage therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in China: a retrospective study.

Background: Regimens based on carfilzomib have shown significant improvement in survival for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), but the combination of carfilzomib, pomalidomide and dexamethasone (KPd) has been scarcely investigated in China. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KPd regimen in Chinese patients with RRMM.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients who had experienced one or more lines of therapy followed by the KPd regimen were retrospectively enrolled.

Naked-eye trackable fluorescence-enhanced probe for real-time imaging of biological thiols in living cells.

Biothiols, comprising cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), constitute the predominant thiol pool in biological systems and serve as critical regulators of redox homeostasis. Despite their physiological significance, these species exhibit marked susceptibility to oxidative stress, with resultant concentration dysregulations being implicated in the pathogenesis of various disorders including neoplastic progression, cardiovascular abnormalities, and neurodegenerative conditions. To address the critical need for reliable biothiols monitoring in living systems, we present a rationally engineered hemicyanine-based fluorescent probe (MCY-NB) employing a turn-on fluorescence mechanism.

Unmet needs of patients with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: three case reports and a literature review.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL), a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is classified as an independent subtype of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification (Turner et al., 2010). The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO 2022) classification of hematolymphoid tumors retains this subtype (Alaggio et al.

Orelabrutinib combined with rituximab and high-dose methotrexate as induction therapy in newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Objective: Limited treatment options for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) highlight the need for alternative therapies. This study evaluated orelabrutinib (O) and rituximab (R), plus high-dose methotrexate (M) (ORM), as a potential induction therapy for newly diagnosed PCNSL.

Methods: Patients received six cycles of 150 mg/day orelabrutinib, 375 mg/m rituximab, plus 3.

Engineered CRO-CD7 CAR-NK cells derived from pluripotent stem cells avoid fratricide and efficiently suppress human T-cell malignancies.

Background: T-cell malignancies are highly aggressive hematological tumors with limited effective treatment options. CAR-NK cell therapy targeting CD7 has emerged as a promising approach for treating T-cell malignancies. However, conventional CAR-NK cell therapy faces the challenges of cell fratricide due to CD7 expression on both malignant cells and normal NK cells.

Extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Clinical and molecular insights with survival outcomes from the multicenter EXPECT study.

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with distinct clinical and molecular heterogeneity. DLBCL that arises in extranodal organs is particularly linked to poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the clinical and molecular characteristics of extranodal involvement (ENI) in DLBCL and assess the actual survival status of the patients.

Real-world analysis of treatment patterns, effectiveness, and safety of daratumumab-based regimens in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

Background: Daratumumab is a human IgGκ monoclonal antibody targeting CD38 with direct on-tumor and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action. Daratumumab-based treatment is a standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM) based on data from randomized controlled trials. Real-world studies, such as that presented here from China, provide important data to complement randomized trials.

Safety and feasibility of 4-1BB co-stimulated CD19-specific CAR-NK cell therapy in refractory/relapsed large B cell lymphoma: a phase 1 trial.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified NK (CAR-NK) cells are candidates for next-generation cancer immunotherapies. Here we generated CD19-specific CAR-NK cells with 4-1BB and CD3ζ signaling endo-domains (CD19-BBz CAR-NK) by transduction of cord blood-derived NK cells using baboon envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vectors and demonstrated their antitumor activity in preclinical B cell lymphoma models in female mice. We next conducted a phase 1 dose-escalation trial involving repetitive administration of CAR-NK cells in 8 patients with relapsed/refractory large B cell lymphoma (NCT05472558).

An oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing anti-CD47 nanobody exerts enhanced antitumor activity by mediating innate and adaptive immune cell infiltration and activation in the lymphoma tumor microenvironment.

Anti-CD47 antibodies targeting macrophage immune checkpoints have demonstrated benefit in clinical trials, particularly in combination with targeted therapies. Nevertheless, this strategy faces challenges from suboptimal efficacy and on-target toxicity due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and ubiquitous CD47 expression. Here, we report a novel oncolytic vaccine virus (OVV) that expresses therapeutic transgenes encoding an anti-mouse CD47 nanobody or an anti-human CD47 nanobody fused with the IgG1 Fc fragment (termed OVV-mCD47nb and OVV-hCD47nb-G1, respectively), and show that anti-CD47 nanobodies secreted by lymphoma cells infected with armed OVV enhanced tumor phagocytosis via blockade of the CD47/SIRPα signal pathway.

Dynamic change in Epstein-Barr virus DNA predicts prognosis in early stage natural killer/T-cell lymphoma with pegaspargase-based treatment: long-term follow-up and biomarker analysis from the NHL-004 multicenter randomized study.

The multi-center randomized phase 3 NHL-004 study compared etoposide, dexamethasone and pegaspargase (ESA) versus methotrexate, etoposide, dexamethasone and pegaspargase (MESA) regimen, combined with sandwiched radiotherapy, in newly diagnosed early-stage nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL). Here we report the long-term outcomes (median follow-up, 64 months) and biomarker analysis. 256 eligible patients aged 14-70 years were randomly assigned (1:1) to ESA or MESA arm.

Histone demethylases in autophagy and inflammation.

Autophagy dysfunction is associated with changes in autophagy-related genes. Various factors are connected to autophagy, and the mechanism regulating autophagy is highly complicated. Epigenetic changes, such as aberrant expression of histone demethylase, are actively associated not only with oncogenesis but also with inflammatory responses.

Oncolytic vaccinia virus armed with anti-CD47 nanobody elicit potent antitumor effects on multiple tumor models via enhancing innate and adoptive immunity.

Objective: Targeting CD47 for cancer immunotherapy has been studied in many clinical trials for the treatment of patients with advanced tumors. However, this therapeutic approach is often hampered by on-target side effects, physical barriers, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME).

Methods: To improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxicities, we engineered an oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) encoding an anti-CD47 nanobody (OVV-αCD47nb).

Identification of immune-related hub genes in spinal cord injury.

Objectives: Immune regulation is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis and repair of spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aims to explore potential immune center genes associated with spinal cord injury.

Methods: The public data set GSE151371 was obtained from the GEO database.