Single-polarization single-frequency Yb-doped fiber laser at 1156 nm via dynamic Bragg grating mode selection.

We demonstrate a single-polarization single-frequency Yb-doped fiber laser operating at 1156 nm using a 10-m-long unpumped Yb-doped fiber (YDF) as a dynamic saturable absorber (SA). Leveraging spatial hole-burning-induced refractive index modulation, a self-adaptive Bragg grating with sub-MHz bandwidth is formed, enabling ultranarrow linewidth single-longitudinal-mode lasing. The linear cavity design with bidirectional pumping achieves an output power of 20.

Stark splitting and concentration quenching of Yb in a mixed-ion phosphate fiber for kHz single-frequency lasers across 1.0∼1.1 µm.

Yb-doped fibers are extensively utilized in single-frequency fiber lasers (SFFLs) for applications such as deep-space exploration, atomic physics, and high-resolution spectroscopy, owing to the simple energy scheme, strong absorption band, and minimal quantum defect. However, a small Stark splitting of Yb tends to induce a quasi-three-level configuration, leading to difficult population inversion and significant thermal blocking effects. In this study, we propose a mixed-ion strategy that exploits the high rare-earth solubility of phosphate-based systems, coupled with enhanced Stark splitting, enabling Yb to exhibit quasi-four-level radiative behavior.

Unveiling the Phytotoxicity of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials and Its Implications for Sustainable Battery Development.

The widespread use of lithium (Li)-ion batteries may pose threats to human health and ecosystems. However, their risks to plants are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of Li-ion battery cathode materials, LiFePO (LFP) and LiMnFePO (LMFP) particles, on soybean growth.

Effects of aged microplastics on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in oysters and their excreta.

The widespread use of plastics in global aquaculture raises concerns about their environmental impact, particularly due to their degradation into microplastics (MPs). These MPs not only pose risks to aquatic organisms and ecosystems but also serve as carriers for emerging pollutants such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). By facilitating the enrichment and transport of ARGs in aquatic environments, MPs may exacerbate the spread of antibiotic resistance, particularly in filter-feeding organisms.

Anchoring Nickel and Stabilizing Oxygen in Coherent LiNiO@LiFePO Composite Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries.

LiNiO is an appealing cathode material for Li-ion batteries because of high energy density and low cost but suffers from irreversible phase transition and surface instability. Herein, a ball-milled LiNiO@LiFePO composite with oriented coherent combination is reported with enhanced structural stability and Li diffusion. The coherent oriented channels are demonstrated to favor the reversible and rapid Li intercalation during the H2-H3 phase transition, which significantly alleviates structural strain accumulation.

Oyster shells water extract ameliorates propylthiouracil-induced goitre in rats via PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 pathway.

Oysters are recognized for flavor and health benefits, but their shells are regarded as waste, contributing to resource inefficiency. This study investigates the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of oyster shells, using a fraction partitioning approach to separate the oyster shells water extract (WE) into two fractions: WE of extra-membranous (WEE, <1000 kDa) and intra-membranous (WEI, >1000 kDa). Using UPLC-Q-Exactive MS, 231 components were identified such as organic acids, amino acids.

Combined inhibition by PRMT5 and MAT2A demonstrates a strong synthetic lethality in MTAP homozygous-deficient glioma models.

The intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of gliomas present major challenges to effective chemotherapy. This study explored the combined effects of PRMT5 and MAT2A inhibitors on glioma progression. The expression of drug targets was determined in cell models using western blotting and immunofluorescence assay.

Palmitoylation prevents B7-H4 lysosomal degradation sustaining tumor immune evasion.

B7-H4 functions as an immune checkpoint in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the post-translational modification (PTM) of B7-H4 and its translational potential in cancer remains incompletely understood. We find that ZDHHC3, a zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase, palmitoylates B7-H4 at Cys130 in breast cancer cells, preventing its lysosomal degradation and sustaining B7-H4-mediated immunosuppression.

Design of high-performance modular triboelectric nanogenerators for efficient mechanical energy harvesting and electrochemical applications.

Various forms of high-entropy energy (HEE), such as wind energy, ocean tidal energy, mechanical vibrations, and human motion, are widely distributed in nature and our surroundings. Effectively harvesting and utilizing these forms of energy has become a promising solution to address the challenges of sustainable energy development. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), with their unique advantages in harvesting low-frequency and micro-amplitude mechanical energy, have emerged as a key technology in the field of distributed energy systems and have attracted significant academic attention in recent years.

Structural-Insensitive Descriptors N Based on M-N-OH Active Entity for Predicting and Enhancing ORR Activity in 3d Transition Metal Catalysts.

The development of high-performance ORR catalysts is challenged by the understanding how the delocalized electrons in s- and p-orbitals influence oxygen intermediate adsorption and overall catalytic performance. To address these challenges, the from active unit to bulk catalyst (FAUC) design strategy is employed to investigate the roles of s- and p-orbitals in ORR activity. Specifically, six M-N-OH (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) catalyst systems are constructed and analyzed using density functional theory (DFT), this study reveals that, compared to d-orbitals, the delocalized electrons in the s- and p-orbitals (N) exhibit a significant volcano relationship with ORR activity.

Achieving a Highly Reversible Four-Electron Redox of S/CuS for Aqueous Zn/S─Cu Battery.

The combination of sulfur (S) cathode with Cu/Cu redox carriers has been considered as a promising cathode for the next-generation aqueous energy storage device due to the high specific capacity (two-step four-electron conversion), intrinsic safety, and low cost. Nevertheless, the unsatisfactory cycling stability of a sulfur-copper (S-Cu) cathode hinders its practical application. Herein, the two-step four-electron conversions are first decoupled in our study, identifying the inferior conversion reversibility between the intermedia CuS and the final product S as the primary cause for deteriorating cycling capability.

Nd-doped phosphate fibers for 0.9 μm single-frequency lasers: machine learning-driven compositional design for suppressing competitive emission.

The 0.9 μm single-frequency fiber laser has emerged as a promising source for doubling frequency to generate blue lasers, which are essential for applications in underwater communication, detection, and laser display. However, the F→I transition at 0.

Ultralight multifunctional aerogels with in situ enhanced chitosan networks at micro-/macroscale for super-efficiency electromagnetic metastructure absorbers.

Concurrently achieving lightweight, multifunctionality, excellent environmental adaptability, and broadband microwave absorption represents the inevitable trend in the development of microwave absorbing materials. Herein, an ultralight, elastic, multifunctional chitosan-based aerogel enhanced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers (CF) at micro-/macroscale is reported, and its super-efficiency microwave absorption is realized by the electromagnetic metastructure absorbers (EMAs) design. The resulting CF-C/C aerogel demonstrates ultra-low shrinkage (6.

Unveiling the Origin of Copper Accumulation in Plasma with Aging.

Aging is intricately linked to various diseases including cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic irregularities. Copper (Cu) overexposure has been found to be linked to many diseases during aging, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile, as an essential element, Cu has been implicated in key processes associated with aging, raising questions about its role in age-related health issues.

Relationship Between Ethnic Essentialism and Psychological Compatibility: Roles of Ethnic Identity and Self-Construal.

We examined the impact of ethnic essentialism on psychological compatibility among minority and Han Chinese college students and investigated the roles of ethnic identity and self-construal. A moderated mediator analysis was used and a multigroup comparison of the moderated mediator model across ethnic groups was conducted. The results indicate that ethnic essentialism significantly and negatively predicts psychological compatibility.

Modulating the properties of g-CNthrough two-step annealing and ionic-liquid gating.

The graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is an important optoelectronic and photocatalytic material; however, its application is limited by the high recombination rate of the electron-hole (e-h) pairs. In this work, we reported a novel strategy combining two-step annealing treatment and ionic-liquid (IL) gating technology for effectively regulating the properties of g-CN, especially largely reducing the recombination rate of the e-hpairs, which is evidenced by a remarkable reduction of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Firstly, g-CNsamples with typical layered structure were obtained by annealing melamine with temperature of 600 °C.

Revealing the key role of interfacial oxygen activation over CoMnO@MnO in the catalytic oxidation of acetone.

The accumulation of intermediate products on the catalyst surface caused by insufficient oxygen activity is an important reason for the poor activity of catalysts towards oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs). CoMnO@MnO heterogeneous catalysts were fabricated to decipher the interfacial oxygen activation mechanism for efficient acetone oxidation. Experimental and theoretical explorations revealed that oxygen vacancies were easily formed at the interface.

Impact of exhaustive exercise on autonomic nervous system activity: insights from HRV analysis.

Introduction: Exhaustive exercise is a common training method in sports, but its impact on the autonomic nervous system of the human body remains unclear. Understanding the effects of exhaustive exercise on the body and its connection with the autonomic nervous system and central nervous system is crucial for guiding healthy training methods.

Methods: Twenty-three participants were selected, and exhaustive exercise intervention was performed using the Bruce Protocol.

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: An emerging threat for the environment and human health.

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs, mainly FeO and γ-FeO) are nanomaterials ubiquitously present in aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments, with a high prevalence and complex sources. Over the past decade, numerous reports have emerged on the presence of exogenous particles in human body, facilitated by the rapid development of separation and detection methods. The health risk associated with magnetic FeO NP have garnered escalating attention due to their presence in human blood and brain tissues, especially for their potential association with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.

Using SiO-Supported MnO@FeO Composite to Catalytically Decompose Waste Drilling Fluids Through Fenton-like Oxidation.

Waste drilling fluids produced from oil extraction can cause serious harm to the ecological environment; thus, the treatment of waste drilling fluids is urgent and important to ensure the sustainability and development of the oil extraction. In this work, we used the Fenton-like reaction method to degrade waste drilling fluids with SiO-supported MnO@FeO composite material as a catalyst in the presence of HO. During the Fenton-like reaction process, the MnO@FeO interface exhibits exceptional activity by facilitating the production of ·OH species with high activity and strong oxidizing properties, which degrade the organic substances in the waste drilling fluids into smaller inorganic molecules, thereby reducing its COD value.

Impact of diabetes mellitus on the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a mendelian randomization study.

Background: The impact of diabetes on the risk of Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore this issue from multiple perspectives by using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods: Instrumental variables for predicting six diabetic traits (including insulin and blood glucose), eight metabolic risk factors for diabetes (including total cholesterol and blood pressure), and seven diabetic genes were extracted from their summary data.

Metal heteroatoms significantly enhance efficacy of TiO nanomaterials in promoting hydrolysis of organophosphates: Implications for mitigating pollution of plastic additives.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are prevalent pollutants in the aquatic environment. OPEs are released from many sources, particularly, from the breakdown and weathering of plastic wastes, as OPEs are commonly used plastic additives. Metal oxide mineral nanoparticles play critical roles in the hydrolytic transformation of OPEs.

Kilohertz-linewidth and low-threshold single-frequency all-fiber laser utilizing self-developed Nd-doped fluoro-sulfo-phosphate fiber.

Compared to Nd: YAG lasers, Nd-doped fiber lasers offer superior beam quality, compactness, and heat dissipation, especially in generating single-frequency lasers, which holds great promise for applications in optical atomic clocks, quantum computing, and high-precision bio-photonic imaging. In this study, theoretical simulations of the local environment and experimental analyses on the luminescent characteristics of what we believe to be a novel Nd-doped fluoro-sulfo-phosphate (FSP) laser glass were performed to mitigate the concentration and hydroxyl quenching effects. Based on that, a highly Nd-doped (4 mol%) FSP fiber with a large emission cross-section (3.