High fructose consumption aggravates inflammation by promoting effector T cell generation via inducing metabolic reprogramming.

The intake of sugars, especially glucose and fructose, has significantly increased with the change of lifestyle. Excessive intake of sugar has been proven to be associated with tumors and inflammatory diseases. Fructose directly mediates innate immune responses; however, whether it can directly regulate T-cell immunity remains unknown.

Regulatory T cell therapy promotes TGF-β and IL-6-dependent pro-inflammatory Th17 cell generation by reducing IL-2.

CD4Foxp3 regulatory T cells are essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing excessive inflammation, making them promising candidates for treating autoimmunity and GvHD. However, the translation of regulatory T cell therapy into clinical practice poses substantial challenges. Here, we show that adoptive regulatory T cell therapy increases IL-6 and TGF-β-dependent pathogenic Th17 cell differentiation in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Developing high-performance Zn-pre-inserted MnO electrodeposition for aqueous Zn-ion batteries.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered to be a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), because they are more environmentally friendly, cheaper and safer than LIBs. Although manganese dioxide (MnO) has many advantages as a cathode material for use in AZIBs, its structural degradation and slow ion diffusion seriously hinder its electrochemical performance. Herein, Zn-pre-inserted MnO (Zn-MnO) was prepared by a simple electrodeposition method.

Bioinformatics-Based Identification of Platelet-Related Genes and Analysis of Immune Infiltration Landscape in Endometriosis.

Background: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease that is the leading cause of dysmenorrhea, infertility, and pelvic pain in women. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that platelets may play an important role in its pathophysiology. Therefore, using bioinformatics analysis, we sought to determine the possible role of platelet-related genes in endometriosis and immune infiltration.

Diagnosis of Female Urethral Cancer Based on Multimodal Ultrasound: A Case Report.

While histopathology remains the diagnostic gold standard for urothelial carcinoma, this case highlights the emerging role of advanced ultrasonographic techniques in characterizing urethral malignancies. We present a 51-year-old female with a one-month history of refractory lower urinary tract symptoms (urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and nocturia) unresponsive to conventional anti-inflammatory therapy. Multimodal ultrasonographic evaluation, incorporating conventional sonography, transrectal ultrasound, elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), revealed a complex proximal urethral mass with malignant features.

Comparative analysis of multi-zone peritumoral radiomics in breast cancer for predicting NAC response using ABVS-based deep learning models.

Background: Peritumoral characteristics demonstrate significant predictive value for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response in breast cancer (BC) through tumor-stromal interactions. Radiomics analysis of peritumoral regions has shown robust capability in predicting treatment outcomes; however, the optimal peritumoral thickness for maximizing predictive accuracy remains undefined.

Objective: To establish a clinically implementable framework for early identification of NAC non-responders through standardized prediction modeling.

Incidence of HIV infection and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Zhejiang, China: a cohort study.

Aim: Men who have sex with men (MSM) contribute increasingly to the burden of HIV infection due to their high-risk sexual behaviors; however, studies focusing on the sexual behaviors among student MSM population remain limited. This study aims to investigate the incidence of HIV infection among MSM, while exploring high-risk sexual behavior in student MSM in Zhejiang province, China.

Method: Prospective cohort study was conducted among MSM population in four cities in Zhejiang province.

CCR8 decidual regulatory T cells maintain maternal-fetal immune tolerance during early pregnancy.

Regulatory T (T) cells play a vital role in maintaining maternal immune tolerance to the semiallogeneic fetus during pregnancy. T cell population heterogeneity and tissue-specific functions in the human decidua remain largely unknown. Here, using single-cell transcriptomic and T cell receptor sequencing of human CD4 T cells from first-trimester deciduae and matched peripheral blood of pregnant women, we identified a highly activated, immunosuppressive CCR8 T cell subset specifically enriched in the decidua (dT cells).

Psychological stress increases skin infection through the action of TGFβ to suppress immune-acting fibroblasts.

Infections after psychological stress are a major health care problem. Single-cell transcriptomics and lipidomic profiling in a mouse model of stress show that dermal fibroblasts undergoing adipogenesis have defective responses to skin infection. Adrenalectomy or adrenergic inhibition restores the fibroblast adipogenic response to and enables mice to effectively resist infection during stress.

Bioinformatic analysis of serpina1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its potential association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that SERPINA1 may promote a better prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) along with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). This study aims to further explore the role of the SERPINA1 gene in PTC and its relationship with HT using multiple databases.

Methods: Transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were utilized to analyze differences in SERPINA1 expression between PTC patients with and without HT.

Phylogenetic analysis and transmission networks highlight the role of older adults in the transmission of HIV-1 in northern Zhejiang, China.

Background: In China, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a significant challenge to older heterosexual adults. This study explored the transmission dynamics of HIV infection among older adults in northern Zhejiang Province, China using phylogenetic analysis and transmission networks.

Methods: HIV pol sequences without any antiretroviral therapy were obtained from newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients in Huzhou between 2017 and 2022.

Activin A activation of Smad3 mitigates innate inflammation in mouse models of psoriasis and sepsis.

Phosphorylation of Smad3 is a critical mediator of TGF-β signaling, which plays an important role in regulating innate immune responses. However, whether Smad3 activation can be regulated in innate immune cells in TGF-β-independent contexts remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Smad3 is activated through the phosphorylation of its C-terminal residues (pSmad3C) in murine and human macrophages in response to bacterial and viral ligands, and this activation is mediated by activin A in a TGF-β-independent manner.

Erythroid progenitor cell-mediated spleen-tumor interaction deteriorates cancer immunity.

Understanding both local and systemic immunity is essential to optimizing the effectiveness of immunotherapy. However, the dynamic alterations in systemic immunity during tumor development are yet to be clearly defined. Here, we identified a previously unrecognized connection that bridges the interaction between the spleen and tumor through erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs), which suppress tumor immunity and promote tumor progression.

A Comparison of Mobile Social Media Promotion and Volunteer-Driven Strategies for Community Organizations Recruiting Men Who Have Sex with Men for HIV Testing in Zhejiang Province, China: Cross-Sectional Study Based on a Large-Scale Survey.

Background: China has recently implemented a strategy to promote and facilitate community organization involvement in HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM). Although community-based strategies have been shown to increase HIV testing uptake, the relative effectiveness of mobile social media promotion compared with volunteer-driven recruitment remains underexplored. Limited research has investigated how these strategies differentially affect MSM who have not undergone previous HIV testing.

Status and comparison of HIV Knowledge, HIV Testing and other healthy behavior between men who have sex with men only (MSMO) and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW): a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China.

Objective: This study was conducted to explore the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of and compare HIV knowledge, HIV testing, and other healthy behaviors between men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) and men who have sex with men only (MSMO), to provide a scientific basis for targeted HIV interventions for this population.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect demographic and behavioral information using questionnaires for statistical analysis.

Results: Among 1,993 participants, 772 (38.

Awareness of Sexual Partner's HIV Status Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: Cross-Sec. tional Survey Study.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) constitute a significant proportion of individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus. Over the past few years, China has implemented various strategies aimed at increasing the rate of HIV testing and reducing HIV transmission among MSM. Among these, the disclosure of HIV serostatus is an effective prevention strategy.

Efficacy of Sound Touch Elastography in Assessing Subcutaneous Lipohypertrophy from Insulin Injections.

Objective: Lipohypertrophy (LH) is a localized complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients on long-term insulin therapy. Sound touch elastography (STE) is a crucial tool in the quantitative real-time assessment of tissue hardness within specific target regions. This study aims to explore the efficacy of STE in evaluating the hardness of subcutaneous LH at insulin injection sites in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and investigate the correlations between the hardness of LH lesions and various clinical indicators.

Role of HIV Serostatus Communication on Frequent HIV Testing and Self-Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Seek Sexual Partners on the Internet in Zhejiang, China: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are increasingly using the internet to meet casual sexual partners. Those who do are at higher risk of sexually transmitted diseases. However, little is known about the rates and associations of frequent HIV testing and self-testing among such MSM.

Urban-rural disparity in risky sexual behavior, HIV knowledge, and healthy practices among men who have sex with men: A cross-sectional study in Southeast China.

To identify differences in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risky behavior and healthy practices between rural and urban men who have sex with men (MSM) in Southeast China, a cross-sectional study was conducted on MSM aged ≥ 18 years recruited from four community-based organizations (CBOs) in seven cities in Zhejiang Province between October 2022 and March 2023. An electronic survey questionnaire was completed by the study participants to collect HIV risky behavior and healthy practices. The chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used for analysis.

Nonparametric Dynamic Granger Causality based on Multi-Space Spectrum Fusion for Time-varying Directed Brain Network Construction.

Nonparametric estimation of time-varying directed networks can unveil the intricate transient organization of directed brain communication while circumventing constraints imposed by prescribed model-driven methods. A robust time-frequency representation - the foundation of its causality inference - is critical for enhancing its reliability. This study proposed a novel method, i.

Insights into the molecular network characteristics of major HIV-1 subtypes in developed Eastern China: a study based on comprehensive molecular surveillance data.

Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive molecular epidemiology study of major HIV-1 subtypes in developed Eastern China (Zhejiang Province).

Methods: Plasma samples and epidemiological information were collected from 4180 newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Zhejiang Province in 2021. Pol sequences were obtained to determine the subtypes via multiple analytical tools.

Revisiting the four Hexapoda classes: Protura as the sister group to all other hexapods.

Insects represent the most diverse animal group, yet previous phylogenetic analyses based on morphological and molecular data have failed to agree on the evolutionary relationships of early insects and their six-legged relatives (together constituting the clade Hexapoda). In particular, the phylogenetic positions of the three early-diverging hexapod lineages-the coneheads (Protura), springtails (Collembola), and two-pronged bristletails (Diplura)-have been debated for over a century, with alternative topologies implying drastically different scenarios of the evolution of the insect body plan and hexapod terrestrialization. We addressed this issue by sampling all hexapod orders and experimenting with a broad range of across-site compositional heterogeneous models designed to tackle ancient divergences.