High fructose consumption aggravates inflammation by promoting effector T cell generation via inducing metabolic reprogramming.

The intake of sugars, especially glucose and fructose, has significantly increased with the change of lifestyle. Excessive intake of sugar has been proven to be associated with tumors and inflammatory diseases. Fructose directly mediates innate immune responses; however, whether it can directly regulate T-cell immunity remains unknown.

Proteomic subtypes enrich current acute myeloid leukemia nomenclature and reflect intrinsic pathogenesis alongside aging.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy that increasingly affects the elderly population, with its post-transcriptional landscape remaining largely elusive. Establishing a stable proteomics-based classification system and systematically screening age-related proteins and regulatory networks are crucial for understanding the pathogenesis and outcomes of AML. In this study, we leveraged a multi-omics cohort of 374 newly diagnosed AML patients, integrating proteome, phosphoproteome, genome, transcriptome, and drug screening data.

Regulatory T cell therapy promotes TGF-β and IL-6-dependent pro-inflammatory Th17 cell generation by reducing IL-2.

CD4Foxp3 regulatory T cells are essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing excessive inflammation, making them promising candidates for treating autoimmunity and GvHD. However, the translation of regulatory T cell therapy into clinical practice poses substantial challenges. Here, we show that adoptive regulatory T cell therapy increases IL-6 and TGF-β-dependent pathogenic Th17 cell differentiation in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

A deep learning strategy for accurate identification of purebred and hybrid pigs across SNP chips.

Background: Breed identification plays an important role in conserving indigenous breeds, managing genetic resources, and developing effective breeding strategies. However, researches on breed identification in livestock mainly focused on purebreds, and they yielded lower predict accuracy in hybrid. In this study, we presented a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model with multi-output regression framework specifically designed for genomic breed composition prediction of purebred and hybrid in pigs.

Commercially Purchased and In-House Bred C57BL/6 Mice with Different Gut Microbiota Exhibit Distinct Indomethacin-Induced Toxicities.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced toxicities are a significant clinical problem, yet the factors influencing these outcomes remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the impact of mouse vendor on indomethacin-induced injury using C57BL/6 mice from different breeding facilities (in-house "Tar Heel" and commercial Charles River). We found that Tar Heel mice exhibited significantly enhanced susceptibility to indomethacin toxicity, characterized by greater body weight loss, increased ileal ulceration, elevated fecal lipocalin-2 levels, and higher goblet cell numbers in ileum compared to Charles River mice.

Propofol-mediated inhibition of ovarian function by mitophagy over-activation via TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.

Propofol is widely used to induce and maintain anesthesia during gynecological surgery and assisted reproduction. However, few studies have investigated the influence of propofol on ovarian function and the related mechanism. In this study, propofol was administered to female mice, and ovarian function was evaluated by measuring serum AMH levels, follicle counts, and expression of related proteins.

Multi-instance curriculum learning for histopathology image classification with bias reduction.

Multi-instance learning (MIL) exhibits advanced and surpassed capabilities in understanding and recognizing complex patterns within gigapixel histopathological images. However, current MIL methods for the analysis of the histopathological images still give rise to two main concerns. On one hand, vanilla MIL methods intuitively focus on identifying salient instances (easy-to-classify instances) without considering hard-to-classify instances, which is biased and prone to produce false positive instances.

An advanced 10K SNP panel for genotyping tomato ( L.) via targeted genome sequencing.

Introduction: Recent breakthroughs in genomics have facilitated the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions-deletions (InDels). With the reduction in sequencing costs, a variety of genotyping tools have emerged for genetic analysis in plants. However, there is a significant need for an effective and affordable tool that combines both foreground and background sites.

Exploration of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by FePPc and Pz-FeTPr Conjugated Organic Polymer: Insights From Grand-Canonical Density Functional Theory.

This report examines the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyzed by iron-polyphthalocyanine (FePPc) and pyrazine-linked iron-coordinated tetrapyrrole (Pz-FeTPr) conjugated organic polymer (COP) catalysts, utilizing grand-canonical density functional theory (GC-DFT) and microkinetic (MK) simulations. The computed half-wave potential for AA stacking FePPc under alkaline conditions is in strong agreement with experimental findings. The ORR mechanism for AA stacking FePPc is characterized by the O mechanism ( ), with the Fe site serving as the active site.

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics unravel the key metabolic pathways involved in the therapeutic mechanism of Salvianic acid A against hepatic fibrosis.

Effective drugs for the clinical treatment of hepatic fibrosis have not yet been identified. Salvianic acid A (SAA) protective mechanisms primarily include anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and modulation of immune system function. Metabolic dysfunction is well recognized as the driver for hepatic fibrosis.

GAIN: A long-term maize germplasm innovation plan.

While these initiatives enriched breeding pipelines, challenges remain. Linkage drag and poor agronomic performance of some landraces hindered exotic germplasm utilization. Their regional focus limited global applicability, and conventional population development methods proved resource intensive and slow.

Atomically Dispersed Fe Confined into MnO Nanoclusters Enhances Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Activity and Stability.

Transition metal oxide electrocatalysts are promising alternatives to expensive noble metals for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we present a simple metal-atom localization strategy to confine the atomically dispersed Fe into MnO nanoclusters, which are dispersed and immobilized on high-conductivity carbon support (MF/CN). The experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the trace Fe(III) ions doped into MnO nanoclusters can induce charge transfer and spin state transition to trigger a butterfly effect, obtaining abundant active Mn(III) with single-electron e configuration and strengthened built-in electric field (BIEF), which is greatly helpful to balance the adsorption and desorption of ORR O-containing intermediates, facilitate the interfacial electron transfer, and improve the electrical conductivity.

Multi-Dimensional Multiplexed Metasurface for Multifunctional Near-Field Modulation by Physics-Driven Intelligent Design.

Metasurface is a revolutionary platform to achieve desired properties by artificially engineering meta-atom's arrangements. However, the explosively expanding design space of advanced metasurfaces with multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF) has made the traditional human-guided design methods increasingly ineffective, limiting the development of the metasurfaces. Intelligent design methods have been presented to tackle these challenges by introducing innovative computational models, but they are predominantly data-driven and faced the issues of data scarcity, poor physical interpretability, and weak generalization capability.

Mitigation of Calcination-Introduced Surface Damage of Single-Crystal Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials.

Single-crystal (SC) Ni-rich cathode materials have attracted great attention for Li-ion battery applications due to their outstanding cyclability. However, the high temperature required for synthesizing SC also causes damage to temperature-sensitive Ni-rich cathode materials. Severe surface damage can result, even without notable bulk property degradation.

Using body composition to predict treatment-related adverse events and disease-free survival in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with imatinib: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Imatinib (IM) is the primary treatment for Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), but it faces significant challenges with resistance and a high incidence of adverse events. This study aims to assess the predictive value of baseline body composition parameters on treatment-related adverse events and disease-free survival (DFS) in GIST patients treated with imatinib.

Materials And Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted on 107 moderate or high-risk stratification GIST patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.

Continuous tunability of Rydberg laser frequency after stabilization via the Zeeman effect by DC and AC magnetic fields.

Rydberg atoms play a pivotal role in the fields of quantum simulation, quantum computing, and quantum sensing, in which the frequency locking and detuning of the laser used to excite the atoms to Rydberg states are crucial. Here, we introduce a novel frequency locking approach for Rydberg lasers at arbitrary frequencies using the Zeeman effect of both DC and AC magnetic fields. The DC magnetic field is used to shift the atomic energy levels, thus altering the frequency locking point, while the AC magnetic field is employed for Zeeman modulation to generate the error signal.

Gut Microbiota Protects Against Liver Injury and Fibrosis via Activation of the CYP Eicosanoid Pathway.

Gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of liver injury and fibrosis, but the specific microbial factors or pathways involved remain poorly defined. Here we show that specific gut microbial metabolites, notably indole, activate the cytochrome P450 (CYP) eicosanoid pathway in the liver and protect the liver against liver injury and fibrosis. Using LC-MS/MS-based lipidomics to compare conventionally raised mice with germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice, we show that the gut microbiota induces the CYP eicosanoid pathway in the liver.

Crystal structure of Isthmin-1 and reassessment of its functional role in pre-adipocyte signaling.

Isthmin-1 (ISM1) is a recently described adipokine with insulin-like properties that can control hyperglycemia and liver steatosis. Additionally, ISM1 is proposed to play critical roles in patterning, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and apoptosis. A key feature of ISM1 is its AMOP (adhesion-associated domain in MUC4 (Mucin-4) and other proteins) domain which is essential for many of its functions.

Optimization of commercial SNP arrays and the generation of a high-efficiency GenoBaits Peanut 10K panel.

To create a more comprehensive genetic analysis panel for peanuts, three high-density SNP panels were exploited. The refined SNP panel, PHR0301_Ah10K, comprises 10,000 SNP sites and demonstrated outstanding performance in sequence data analysis. It recorded the highest proportions of 99.

Segment Any Tissue: One-shot reference guided training-free automatic point prompting for medical image segmentation.

Medical image segmentation frequently encounters high annotation costs and challenges in task adaptation. While visual foundation models have shown promise in natural image segmentation, automatically generating high-quality prompts for class-agnostic segmentation of medical images remains a significant practical challenge. To address these challenges, we present Segment Any Tissue (SAT), an innovative, training-free framework designed to automatically prompt the class-agnostic visual foundation model for the segmentation of medical images with only a one-shot reference.

Oriented Assembly of 2D Metal-Pyridylporphyrinic Framework to Regulate the Redox Kinetics in Li-S Batteries.

Developing the highly efficient catalysts is a great challenge for accelerating the redox reactions in Li-S batteries. Inspired by the single-atom catalysts and metalloproteins, it makes full use of the advantages of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrocatalysts. Herein, a series of 2D metal-bonded metalloporphyrin MOFs are prepared with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-pyridyl) cobalt porphyrin (CoTPyP) as building blocks and transition metals (M═Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) as nodes, respectively.

Nomogram for Predicting Severe Abdominal Pain During Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: To develop and validate a nomogram for identification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients unsuitable for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) due to severe abdominal pain.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 530 patients with HBV-HCC underwent RFA between February, 2014, and April, 2024, and treated in the affiliated hospital of Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University. Patients were divided into a modeling group (373 cases) and a validation group (157 cases) at a 7:3 ratio.

Phantom-metasurface cooperative system trained by a deep learning network driven by a bound state for a magnetic resonance-enhanced system.

With the development of medical imaging technology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool for diagnosing and monitoring a variety of diseases. However, traditional MRI techniques are limited in terms of imaging speed and resolution. In this study, we developed an efficient body mode metasurface composite MRI enhancement system based on deep learning network training and realized the design and control of metasurface in the MHz band.

Novel Silicon-Based Fluorescent Nanocomposite Drug Carriers for Natural Compound Delivery in Melanoma Treatment.

Melanoma, a highly aggressive cancer, is closely associated with an elevated tumor mutation burden (TMB) and an active tumor microenvironment (TME). Melanin synthesis, a key feature of melanoma progression, is primarily regulated by tyrosinase (TYR), the rate-limiting enzyme controlled by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Resveratrol (Res), a natural polyphenol known for its antioxidant and anticancer properties, faces limitations including poor solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid metabolism.