Disulfiram Protects Against Multiorgan Injuries and Cell Pyroptosis via Inhibiting GSDMD in Severe Acute Pancreatitis Mice.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is distinguished by an uncontrolled systemic pro-inflammatory response caused by the activation of trypsin within the pancreatic tissue, leading to the occurrence of multiple organ failure (MOF). Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-induced pyroptosis represents a form of programmed cell death characterised by robust inflammatory responses. This indicates that directing efforts towards pyroptosis could potentially offer a remedy for SAP and its related MOF.

α-Tocopherol Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation by Promoting Nrf2 Nuclear Translocation.

α-Tocopherol is a potent natural antioxidant with a variety of biological functions and is widely used in clinical practice. However, the effect and mechanism of α-tocopherol on liver fibrosis remain unknown. The core of liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC).

Gasdermin-D-mediated epithelial-immune circuit synchronizes nutrient absorption and host defense in the small intestine.

The small intestine (SI) absorbs nutrients and acts as a barrier against pathogens. Diet enables the absorptive function of the SI while maintaining immune homeostasis. But how the SI transmits nutritional signals to the immune response and adapts to dietary intake remains unclear.

HBOT alleviates diet-induced MASH by reprograming gut microbiota and liver metabolism in mice.

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been validated as a potential treatment for metabolic dysfunction, but its effect on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) has not been well elucidated. This study aims to determine the effect of HBOT on diet-induced MASH in mice.

Method: HBOT (2.

Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Myofibroblast Transformation in Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible, and fatal disease with an increasing incidence and limited therapeutic options. It is characterized by the formation and deposition of excess extracellular matrix proteins resulting in the gradual replacement of normal lung architecture by fibrous tissue. The cellular and molecular mechanism of IPF has not been fully understood.

Versatility of gasdermin D beyond pyroptosis.

Gasdermin D (GSDMD) has garnered significant attention primarily for the pore-forming role of its p30 N-terminal fragment (NT-p30) generated during pyroptosis, a proinflammatory form of cell death. However, emerging evidence suggests that the formation of GSDMD-NT pores is reversible, and the activation of GSDMD does not necessarily lead to pyroptosis. Instead, this process may take part either in other forms of cell death, or in various state changes of living cells, including (i) inflammation regulation, (ii) endolysosomal pathway rewiring, (iii) granule exocytosis, (iv) type II immunity, (v) food tolerance maintenance, and (vi) temporary permeability alteration.

Functional Hydrogels for Implantable Bioelectronic Devices.

In recent years, with the rapid development of flexible electronics, implantable electronic devices have received increasing attention, and they provide new solutions for medical diagnosis and treatment. To ensure the long-term and stable operation of electronic devices in the internal environment, materials with conductivity, flexibility, biocompatibility, and other properties are in high demand. Hydrogels are polymers with three-dimensional network structures that not only have physical and chemical properties similar to those of biological tissues but can be also modulated by introducing functional groups to regulate the conductivity, adhesion, self-healing, and other functions.

Could physical activity promote indicators of physical and psychological health among children and adolescents? An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

Background: We performed an umbrella review to synthesize evidence on the effects of physical activity (PA) interventions on indicators of physical and psychological health among children and adolescents, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), depressive symptoms, and cognitive function.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception through 31 July 2023. We included meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials exploring the effects of PA interventions on BMI, BP, depressive symptoms, or cognitive function in healthy or general children and adolescents.

Proof-of-principle demonstration of free space semi-quantum key distribution based on the single-state protocol.

Semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) allows a quantum user and a classical user to share a string of secret keys, providing support for application scenarios that cannot withstand the high cost of quantum resources. In this paper, we propose what we believe to be the first proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of free space SQKD based on the single-state protocol, which is equipped with polarization encoding scheme employing the method of selective modulation. During the half-hour test time for each operation, the overall experiment obtained the original key rate of 107.

Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition-defined malnutrition coexisting with visceral adiposity predicted worse long-term all-cause mortality among inpatients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Background/objectives: Malnutrition coexisting with abdominal adipose tissue accumulation bring a double burden on prognosis. More recently, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has reached a novel consensus concerning the diagnostic criteria, that is, a two-step modality combining nutritional risk screening and subsequent phenotypic/etiologic parameters for comprehensive evaluation in hopes of harmonizing the malnutrition diagnosis. We aimed to elucidate their synergistic impact among inpatients with decompensated cirrhosis concerning long-term mortality.

Gasdermin D-mediated metabolic crosstalk promotes tissue repair.

The establishment of an early pro-regenerative niche is crucial for tissue regeneration. Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis accounts for the release of inflammatory cytokines upon various insults. However, little is known about its role in tissue regeneration followed by homeostatic maintenance.

Comparison of the rate of healthcare encounters for influenza from source-specific PM before and after tier 3 vehicle standards in New York state.

Background: Influenza healthcare encounters in adults associated with specific sources of PM is an area of active research.

Objective: Following 2017 legislation requiring reductions in emissions from light-duty vehicles, we hypothesized a reduced rate of influenza healthcare encounters would be associated with concentrations of PM from traffic sources in the early implementation period of this regulation (2017-2019).

Methods: We used the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) to study adult patients hospitalized (N = 5328) or treated in the emergency department (N = 18,247) for influenza in New York State.

Neighborhood structure-guided brain functional networks estimation for mild cognitive impairment identification.

The adoption and growth of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, especially through the use of Pearson's correlation (PC) for constructing brain functional networks (BFN), has significantly advanced brain disease diagnostics by uncovering the brain's operational mechanisms and offering biomarkers for early detection. However, the PC always tends to make for a dense BFN, which violates the biological prior. Therefore, in practice, researchers use hard-threshold to remove weak connection edges or introduce -norm as a regularization term to obtain sparse BFNs.

Gut microbiota promotes macrophage M1 polarization in hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome via regulating intestinal barrier function mediated by butyrate.

Background: The intestinal-liver axis is associated with various liver diseases. Here, we verified the role of the gut microbiota and macrophage activation in the progression of pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (PA-HSOS), and explored the possible mechanisms and new treatment options.

Methods: The HSOS murine model was induced by gavage of monocrotaline (MCT).

Melatonin ameliorates multiorgan injuries induced by severe acute pancreatitis in mice by regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a complicated inflammatory reaction that impacts the pancreas, often resulting in damage to numerous organs. This disorder encompasses a range of processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and pancreatitis. The hormone melatonin (MT) is primarily secreted by the pineal gland and plays a crucial role in mitigating inflammation, countering the harmful effects of free radicals, and regulating oxidative stress.

Comparison of metastasis and prognosis between early-onset and late-onset hepatocellular carcinoma: A population-based study.

Background: While hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a highly heterogeneous disease with variable oncogenesis mechanisms and biological features, little is understood about differences in distant metastasis (DM) and prognosis between early-onset and late-onset HCC. This study defined early-onset disease as cancer diagnosed at age younger than 50 years and aimed to present a comprehensive analysis to characterize these disparities based on age.

Methods: Information of HCC patients was retrospectively collected from the SEER database and our hospital.

Wireless Sensing System Based on Biodegradable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Evaluating Sports and Sleep Respiratory.

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things and wearable sensors has led to advancements in monitoring technology in the field of health. One such advancement is the development of wearable respiratory sensors, which offer a new approach to real-time respiratory monitoring compared to traditional methods. However, the energy consumption of these sensors raises concerns about environmental pollution.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella in Anhui Province, China, 2012-2021: Surveillance Study.

Background: Varicella is a mild, self-limited disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Recently, the disease burden of varicella has been gradually increasing in China; however, the epidemiological characteristics of varicella have not been reported for Anhui Province.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021, which can provide a basis for the future study and formulation of varicella prevention and control policies in the province.

Corrigendum to "The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on identifying HIV/AIDS cases in China: an interrupted time series study" [The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific 36 (2023) 100755].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.

Recycling selectable markers via Cre/loxP system for constructing Komagataella phaffii strains co-expressing multiple proteins.

Objective: A convenient strategy was developed to recycle selectable markers using Cre/loxP system for constructing Komagataella phaffii strains co-expressing multiple proteins.

Results: A plasmid in this strategy was generated from pPICZαA with integration of lox71-Sh ble-lox66. Firstly, the plasmid was inserted with one target protein gene and then transformed into K.

DDX3X interacts with SIRT7 to promote PD-L1 expression to facilitate PDAC progression.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is recognized as the most aggressive and fatal malignancy. A previous study reported that PDAC patients who exhibit elevated levels of DDX3X have a poor prognosis and low overall survival rate. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.