Cuproptosis in atrazine-induced hepatotoxicity: ATOX1 as a therapeutic target for lycopene-mediated protection.

Introduction: Atrazine (ATR) is a widely used herbicide in agriculture, and its residues pose a threat to biological organs, with particularly severe damage to the liver. Lycopene (LYC) is a natural pigment that exhibits beneficial effects on health, particularly liver health. However, the mechanism by which LYC mitigates liver injury induced by ATR remains unclear, and the hepatotoxicity induced by ATR requires further investigation.

Self-feedback cascading DNA circuit encapsulated within a gene-modified bifunctional virus-inspired nanovector for light-gated spatiotemporal biosensing in live organisms.

Background: Despite being viewed as a potent analytical methodology for imaging disease biomarkers in live organisms, DNA circuit-dependent biosensors are impeded by inadequate detection sensitivity, unsatisfactory bio-uptake efficiency, and measurement inaccuracies. In an endeavor to overcome these challenges, we herein introduce several effective resolutions.

Results: First, a hybridization chain reaction is combined with catalytic hairpin assembly to carry out a self-feedback cascading mechanism, offering two rounds of signal amplification to enhance biosensing performance.

Krill oil alleviates type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced sarcopenia in mice attenuating insulin resistance, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and skeletal muscle protein turnover impairment.

Krill oil (KO), a source of EPA, DHA, phospholipids, and astaxanthin, has emerged as a promising functional ingredient to maintain skeletal muscle health. However, its protective role against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced sarcopenia has remained poorly characterized. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of KO against sarcopenia in both a T2DM mouse model induced by the combination of streptozotocin and high-fat, high-sucrose diet, and a C2C12 myotube atrophy model induced by high glucose (HG), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Dual-palindrome-incorporated hand-in-hand self-linking bidirectional DNA amplifier within exogenous near-infrared light stimulation for high-performance imaging in living biosystems.

Although the potency of DNA amplifiers-constructed biosensors for imaging disease biomarkers in living biosystems, they continue to face two challenges: (i) intricate multi-pathway amplification cascades in biosensing designs and (ii) suboptimal detection precision due to uncontrollable pre-activation during bio-delivery. In this contribution, we have brought the following viable resolutions. First, a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) routine is incorporated with a dual-palindrome that works like two pairs of hands to self-link CHA-amplified intermediate nucleic acids units, enabling a streamlined two-round signal intensification to enhance sensitivity.

Fucoxanthin promotes the conversion efficiency of alpha-linolenic acid in feeding to docosahexaenoic acid in quail egg yolk.

The conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in feed to DHA in egg is inefficient, so there is a critical need for feed additives that can enhance the enrichment of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in egg yolk from ALA-rich feed. The present study evaluated the impact of dietary fucoxanthin on the conversion efficiency of ALA in feed to DHA in quail egg yolk. Results showed that the addition of 0.

Factors Influencing Poststroke Cognitive Dysfunction: Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background: Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common and debilitating complication that affects stroke survivors, impacting memory, attention, and executive function. Despite its prevalence, the factors contributing to PSCI remain unclear, with limited insights into how demographic and clinical variables influence cognitive outcomes.

Objective: This study investigates the incidence of cognitive impairment in patients with stroke and examines key demographic and clinical factors, such as age, gender, and education level, which contribute to cognitive decline.

Association of Questionnaire-Based Physical Activity Analysis and Body Composition Dynamics in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Physical activity (PA) exerts an important influence on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Alterations in body composition in patients with T2D may be involved in the overall pathophysiologic process, but PAs and alterations in body composition have been poorly studied.

Methods: A total of 615 patients with T2D were selected by convenient sampling.

Correlations between growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) serum levels and gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: To date, the relationship between Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) gene polymorphism and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been clarified. Our study aims to explore the association between serum GDF-15 levels and related gene polymorphism with the risk of T2DM in a Chinese rural Yao population.

Methods: This was a 1:1 case-control study with 179 T2DM patients and 179 age- and sex-matched control participants.

ATP6V0A1-dependent cholesterol absorption in colorectal cancer cells triggers immunosuppressive signaling to inactivate memory CD8 T cells.

Obesity shapes anti-tumor immunity through lipid metabolism; however, the mechanisms underlying how colorectal cancer (CRC) cells utilize lipids to suppress anti-tumor immunity remain unclear. Here, we show that tumor cell-intrinsic ATP6V0A1 drives exogenous cholesterol-induced immunosuppression in CRC. ATP6V0A1 facilitates cholesterol absorption in CRC cells through RAB guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (RABGEF1)-dependent endosome maturation, leading to cholesterol accumulation within the endoplasmic reticulum and elevated production of 24-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC).

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Reprogrammed Macrophages Facilitate Breast Cancer Metastasis via NBR2/TBX1 Axis.

In recent years, carbon nanotubes have emerged as a widely used nanomaterial, but their human exposure has become a significant concern. In our former study, we reported that pulmonary exposure of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) promoted tumor metastasis of breast cancer; macrophages were key effectors of MWCNTs and contributed to the metastasis-promoting procedure in breast cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be explored. As a follow-up study, we herein demonstrated that MWCNT exposure in breast cancer cells and macrophage coculture systems promoted metastasis of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo; macrophages were skewed into M2 polarization by MWCNT exposure.

Detoxifying bacterial genes for deoxynivalenol epimerization confer durable resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the presence of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) pose serious threats to wheat production and food safety worldwide. DON, as a virulence factor, is crucial for the spread of FHB pathogens on plants. However, germplasm resources that are naturally resistant to DON and DON-producing FHB pathogens are inadequate in plants.

The QTL and Candidate Genes Regulating the Early Tillering Vigor Traits of Late-Season Rice in Double-Cropping Systems.

Rice effective panicle is a major trait for grain yield and is affected by both the genetic tiller numbers and the early tillering vigor (ETV) traits to survive environmental adversities. The mechanism behind tiller bud formation has been well described, while the genes and the molecular mechanism underlying rice-regulating ETV traits are unclear. In this study, the candidate genes in regulating ETV traits have been sought by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and bulk-segregation analysis by resequencing method (BSA-seq) conjoint analysis using rice backcross inbred line (BIL) populations, which were cultivated as late-season rice of double-cropping rice systems.

Optimization of welan gum extraction and purification using lysozyme and alkaline protease.

Welan gum, a natural polysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555, has attracted considerable attention in the scientific community due to its desirable properties. However, challenges, such as high viscosity, residual bacterial cells, carotenoids, and protein complexation, hinder the widespread application of welan gum.

Controllable Fabrication of Vertical Graphene with Tunable Growth Nature by Remote Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition.

As an important member of the graphene family, vertical graphene (VG) has broad applications like field emission, energy storage, and sensors owing to its fascinating physical and chemical properties. Among various fabrication methods for VG, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is most employed because of the fast growth rate at relatively low temperature for the high-quality VG. However, to date, relations between growth manner of VG and growth parameters such as growth temperature, dosage of gaseous carbon source, and electric power to generate plasma are still less known, which in turn hinder the massive production of VG for further applications.

WNT2-SOX4 positive feedback loop promotes chemoresistance and tumorigenesis by inducing stem-cell like properties in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by its vigorous chemoresistance to current therapies, which is attributed to the highly heterogeneous and immature phenotype of cancer stem cells (CSCs) during tumor initiation and progression. The secretory WNT2 ligand regulates multiple cancer pathways and has been demonstrated to be a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal tumors; however, its role involved in gastric CSCs (GCSCs) remains unclear. Here, we found that overexpression of WNT2 enhanced stemness properties to promote chemoresistance and tumorigenicity in GCSCs.

A Comparative Study about the Neuroprotective Effects of DHA-Enriched Phosphatidylserine and EPA-Enriched Phosphatidylserine against Oxidative Damage in Primary Hippocampal Neurons.

Nerve damage caused by accumulated oxidative stress is one of the characteristics and main mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that phosphatidylserine (PS) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a significant role in preventing and mitigating the progression of AD. However, whether DHA-PS and EPA-PS can directly protect primary hippocampal neurons against oxidative damage has not been studied.