Rhoifolin Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Restoring Th17/Treg Balance.

Introduction: Rhoifolin (ROF), a flavonoid compound isolated from citrus plants, has been shown in modern research to possess a range of important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.

Methods: In this study, we induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treated them with ROF during the therapeutic phase.

Results: The results showed that ROF significantly alleviated the weight loss, colon shortening, and histopathological damage in the colon tissues of the mice, while also improving intestinal barrier function by restoring the expression of ZO-1 and E-cadherin.

Nanoarchitectonics of cobalt/nitrogen-doped carbon with an unbalanced double primitive bicontinuous motif for efficient electrocatalysis.

In virtue of the smooth mass transfer and unique physical properties enabled by the special three-dimensional (3D) interconnected network, bicontinuous porous functional materials have received extensive attention in catalysis, energy conversion, and cargo delivery. However, endowing materials with meticulous inner bicontinuous geometries and achieving precise control over the pore structures remain a huge challenge. Herein, we report a facile heterogeneous interface-induced topological phase transition method to obtain unbalanced double primitive architectural cobalt/nitrogen-doped (Co/N-doped) carbon particles.

Direct and Site-Selective C-H Cyanation of (Hetero)arenes by a Nontoxic Cyano Source.

Direct C-H cyanation of arenes and heteroarenes is herein reported using a nontoxic cyano source with high regioselectivity. CuI serves as an essential multifunctional catalyst, which promotes the in situ generation of Cu-CN and aryl iodides and the subsequent cross-coupling of these two intermediates to yield aryl nitrile products. The new strategy of C-H cyanation, good regioselectivity, and the use of a nontoxic cyano source together represents a significant advancement in cyanation chemistry.

Efficient direct regeneration of spent LiFePO from various degradation states for sustainable battery recycling.

Efficient regeneration of spent LiFePO is essential for the sustainable management of end-of-life electric vehicle batteries, given their significant market share. A universal method capable of directly regenerating spent LiFePO from cells with varying states of health is crucial for practical implementation. Herein, we developed an oxalic acid/lithium hydroxide-based regeneration approach that effectively restores mixed spent LiFePO, achieving a high specific capacity of 163.

A Facile Micelle-Assisted Self-Assembly Method to Covalent Organic Framework Helical Nanoarchitectures.

We present a micelle-assisted self-assembly strategy for synthesizing covalent organic framework (COF) helical hollow nanoribbons by using achiral monomers and surfactants. The process involves polymerization of nanowires within rod-like micelle cores, followed by their attachment to form helical nanoribbons and solvothermal crystallization to create hollow COF architectures. This method allows for the controllable synthesis of COF helical nanostructures with tunable pitch and morphology and can be extended to other COF helical architectures by variation of the amine monomer.

"Crystallinity Wave"-Driven Synthesis of Hollow Multi-Shell Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Supercapacitors.

Hollow multi-shell covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with abundant modular interfaces, high loading capacity, and various microenvironments are expected to hold great potential for chemical separation, heterogeneous catalysis, and energy storage/conversion. However, the synthetic methodology of COF hollow multi-shell nanoarchitectures has not been established. Herein, we demonstrate an ingenious "crystallinity wave"-induced regional difference ripening strategy to synthesize a series of hollow multi-shell COF particles with controllable shell numbers and shell thickness.

Safety evaluation of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for pancreatic stones: Experience based on a large chronic pancreatitis cohort.

Background: The safety of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for pancreatic stones (P-ESWL) and adverse events were not evaluated and classified within large sample population. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and classify the adverse events of P-ESWL based on a large sample cohort.

Methods: This is an observational study based on the large prospective chronic pancreatitis (CP) cohort.

Difluorocarbene-Promoted O-O Bond Activation of Peroxy Acids for Electrophilic Carboxylation of Boronic Acids.

In this study, a difluorocarbene-promoted O-O bond activation of peroxy acids is developed through the insertion of difluorocarbene into O-H bond. This activation strategy in synergy with O-B coordination with boronic acids/ester greatly polarizes the O-O bond for in-situ generation of carboxylium species that reacts with the nucleophilic part of boronic acids in a concerted way to produce carboxylic esters. Good efficiency and functional group tolerance are demonstrated.

"Hard" Emulsion-Induced Interface Super-Assembly: A General Strategy for Two-Dimensional Hierarchically Porous Metal-Organic Framework Nanoarchitectures.

Two-dimensional (2D) hierarchically porous metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoarchitectures with tailorable meso-/macropores hold great promise for enhancing mass transfer kinetics, augmenting accessible active sites, and thereby boosting performance in heterogeneous catalysis. However, achieving the general synthesis of 2D free-standing MOF nanosheets with controllable hierarchical porosity and thickness remains a challenging task. Herein, we present an ingenious "hard" emulsion-induced interface super-assembly strategy for preparing 2D hierarchically porous UiO-66-NH nanosheets with highly accessible pore channels, tunable meso-/macropore sizes, and adjustable thicknesses.

Copper/O-Mediated Oxidative C-C Activation of Nitriles for Selective Acylation-Bromination of Anilines.

This study reports selective dual amino acylation and C-H bromination of aniline compounds enabled by Cu/O catalyst systems. This method involves crucial oxidation-induced C-CN bond cleavage of α-methylene nitriles to generate an acylcyanide intermediate that is facilely intercepted by anilines. After amino acylation, the Cu(II) precatalyst in combination with NBS generates Cu(III)-Br in situ that engages in selective electrophilic - or -C-H bromination.

A Mutation (p.Gln277X) of is Responsible for a Child with Megalencephaly-Polymicrogyria-Polydactyly-Hydrocephalus Syndrome.

Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome (MPPH), a type of overgrowth syndrome, is characterized by progressive megalencephaly, cortical brain malformations, and distal limb anomalies. Previous studies have revealed that the overactivity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Protein kinase B pathway and the increased cyclin D2 (CCND2) expression were the main factors contributing to this disease. Here, we present the case of a patient who exhibited megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, abnormal neuronal migration, and developmental delay.

Perovskite Oxides Toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Intellectual Design Strategies, Properties and Perspectives.

Developing electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices (e.g., water splitting, regenerative fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries) driven by intermittent renewable energy sources holds a great potential to facilitate global energy transition and alleviate the associated environmental issues.

Engineering FeCo Dual Sites on Tube-on-Plate Hollow Structure for Efficient Oxygen Electroreduction.

Atomically dispersed single-atom catalysts are intriguing catalysts in the field of electrocatalysis for nearly 100% exploitation of metal atoms. However, they are still far from practical usage due to the scaling relationship limit and metal loading limit. Generation of a diatomic complex would offer superior catalytic performance through the cooperation of two neighboring atoms as active sites.

Dual Oxidation of Epoxides with a High-Valent Cu(III)-CF Compound and DMSO to Access 1,2-Diketones.

This study reports sequential dehydrogenation and transfer oxygenation of 1,2-diarylepoxides by high-valent phenCu(III)(CF) and DMSO to produce 1,2-diketones. The Cu(III)-CF compound serves as a CF radical source to abstract the hydrogen atom of the epoxide ring. The resulting ether α-carbon radical undergoes ring-opening rearrangement to give a ketone α-carbon radical intermediate, which is oxygenated by DMSO with the release of MeS.

Rejuvenation of aged graphite anodes from spent lithium-ion batteries a facile surface treatment strategy.

In this study, we present a facile formic acid treatment to rejuvenate aged graphite anodes from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) without damaging the electrode structure. This method effectively removes the interfacial blocking layer, improving capacity and rate performance. Our approach contributes to sustainable battery recycling strategies for spent graphite anodes in LIBs.

[Accumulation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metals in Cultivated Land Surface Soil in Lanzhou].

In this study, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb in the surface soil of cropland in Lanzhou were studied, and the combination of descriptive statistics, single-factor accumulation index, comprehensive accumulation index, geostatistical method, and a geographically weighted regression model (GWR) was used to investigate their accumulation status, spatial distribution, and influencing factors, in order to provide scientific basis for the precise control of heavy metal accumulation risk in the study area. The results showed that:①the single-factor accumulation index showed that the accumulation of Hg and Cd in the study area was the largest, followed by that of Pb and As, and that of Cr was the smallest; the comprehensive accumulation index showed that the accumulation rate of heavy metals was as high as 98.11%, of which 54.

High-valent Cu(III)-CF compound-mediated esterification reaction.

Cu(III)-CF compounds are reported herein as novel coupling reagents to mediate ester synthesis from carboxyl acids and alcohols/phenols. Carboxylic acids are transformed to trifluoromethyl ester and acyl fluoride activated species that interact with each other. The broad substrate scope and late-stage application of this method are demonstrated.

Direct formylation of phenols using difluorocarbene as a safe CO surrogate.

A convenient method to prepare aryl formates is reported herein that exploits difluorocarbene to serve as a CO surrogate. This reaction is proposed to occur through a sequential -difluoromethylation of phenol, followed by α-C-F bond functionalization of the resulting aryl difluoromethyl ether intermediate by phenol or moisture through fluorosemiacetal or orthoformate intermediates. Late-stage modification of biologically and materially active compounds is demonstrated.

Three-Component Coupling of Anilines, Amines, and Difluorocarbene to Access Formamidines.

A one-pot three-component reaction of two anilines (or one aniline and one alkylamine) and in situ-generated difluorocarbene is developed herein to enable efficient construction of formamidines. Crucial formimidoyl fluoride intermediate RN═CHF is proposed from the reaction of a primary aniline and difluorocarbene. Ensuing nucleophilic iminyl substitution of this intermediate with a second amine allows cross-condensation of the two amines to produce formamidines.

[Risk Assessment and Attribution Analysis of "Five Toxic" Heavy Metals in Cultivated Land in Lanzhou].

Heavy metals in cultivated soil may migrate and transform through the food chain to harm the ecological environment and human health. At present, the ecological environment and human health risks of heavy metals in cultivated soil in Lanzhou city remain unclear, which impacts the effective management and control of heavy metals. The potential ecological risk hazard index was used to evaluate the ecological environmental risks of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb in the surface soil of cultivated land in Lanzhou, and the health risk model proposed by USEPA and the recommended standard were used to evaluate their human health risk.

Direct Arene Trifluoromethylation Enabled by a High-Valent Cu -CF Compound.

Direct C-H trifluoromethylation of arenes and heteroarenes poses an important synthetic challenge that is highly desirable. High-valent Cu -CF compounds have often been invoked in copper-mediated trifluoromethylation reactions, but the fundamental reactivity toward arenes is elusive. Herein, direct C-H trifluoromethylation of arenes/heteroarenes by a high-valent Cu -CF compound is disclosed for the first time.

[Relationship between alien plant invasion and landscape matrix in the water-level fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China.].

Invasive process of alien species is affected by not only the invaded habitats, but also the surrounding landscape matrix. Understanding the effects of landscape matrix on alien species is of great significance for controlling invasive alien species. We surveyed plant communities along the water-level fluctuating zone (WLFZ) of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

Loading Single-Ni Atoms on Assembled Hollow N-Rich Carbon Plates for Efficient CO Electroreduction.

The rational design of catalysts' spatial structure is vitally important to boost catalytic performance through exposing the active sites, enhancing the mass transfer, and confining the reactants. Herein, a dual-linker zeolitic tetrazolate framework-engaged strategy is developed to construct assembled hollow plates (AHP) of N-rich carbon (NC), which is loaded with single-Ni atoms to form a highly efficient electrocatalyst (designated as Ni-NC(AHP)). In the carbonization process, the thermally unstable linker (5-aminotetrazole) serves as the self-sacrificial template and the other linker (2-methylimidazole) mainly serves as the carbon and nitrogen source to form hollow NC matrix.