Wild Cicer species exhibit superior leaf photosynthetic phosphorus- and water-use efficiencies compared with cultivated chickpea under low-phosphorus conditions.

Domesticated chickpea cultivars exhibit limited genetic diversity. This study evaluated the effects of chickpea domestication on phosphorus (P)-use efficiency (PUE) under low-P conditions, using a diverse Cicer collection, including wild species. Two wild Cicer species - 54 C.

The role of fatty acid metabolism on B cells and B cell-related autoimmune diseases.

Fatty acid metabolism plays a critical role in regulating immune cell function, including B cells, which are central to humoral immunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that fatty acid metabolism influences B cell development, activation, differentiation, and antibody production, thereby impacting B cell-related autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which fatty acid metabolism modulates B cell biology, including energy provision, membrane composition, and signaling pathways.

High-Frequency Power Reflects Dual Intentions of Time and Movement for Active Brain-Computer Interface.

Active brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a natural way for direct communications between the brain and devices. However, its detectable intention is very limited, let alone of detecting dual intentions from a single electroencephalography (EEG) feature. This study aims to develop time-based active BCI, and further investigate the feasibility of detecting time-movement dual intentions using a single EEG feature.

Initial stage of crusted scabies and possible diagnostic characteristics: A case series.

Scabies is a neglected tropical disease caused by the ectoparasitic mite, var. (). Common scabies, the most prevalent clinical subtype of scabies, is characterized by pruritus, multiple skin lesions and low mite burden.

RNA modifications in the progression of liver diseases: from fatty liver to cancer.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a prominent global health concern associated with high risk of metabolic syndrome, and has impacted a substantial segment of the population. The disease spectrum ranges from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is increasingly becoming a prevalent indication for liver transplantation. The existing therapeutic options for NAFLD, NASH, and HCC are limited, underscoring the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies.

C-to-G editing generates double-strand breaks causing deletion, transversion and translocation.

Base editors (BEs) introduce base substitutions without double-strand DNA cleavage. Besides precise substitutions, BEs generate low-frequency 'stochastic' byproducts through unclear mechanisms. Here, we performed in-depth outcome profiling and genetic dissection, revealing that C-to-G BEs (CGBEs) generate substantial amounts of intermediate double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are at the centre of several byproducts.

TiClprecursor affecting the performance of HTM-free carbon-based perovskite solar cell.

The presence of TiOused as an efficient electron transport layer is crucial to achieving high-performance solar cells, especially for a hole transport material (HTM)-free carbon-based perovskite solar cell (PSC). The hydrolysis of TiClis one of the most widely used routes for forming TiOlayer in solar cells, which includes the stock solution preparation from TiClinitial precursor and the thermal hydrolysis of the stock solution. The second thermal hydrolysis step has been extensively studied, while the initial hydrolysis reaction in the first step is not receiving sufficient attention, especially for its influence on the photovoltaic performance of HTM-free carbon-based devices.

Thermal tolerance of perovskite quantum dots dependent on A-site cation and surface ligand.

A detailed picture of temperature dependent behavior of CsFAPbI perovskite quantum dots across the composition range is constructed by performing in situ optical spectroscopic and structural measurements, supported by theoretical calculations that focus on the relation between A-site chemical composition and surface ligand binding. The thermal degradation mechanism depends not only on the exact chemical composition, but also on the ligand binding energy. The thermal degradation of Cs-rich perovskite quantum dots is induced by a phase transition from black γ-phase to yellow δ-phase, while FA-rich perovskite quantum dots with higher ligand binding energy directly decompose into PbI.

A Low-Cost Synthetic Route of FAPbI Quantum Dots in Air at Atmospheric Pressure: The Role of Zinc Iodide Additives.

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have shown great promise in optoelectronic device applications. Typically, a traditional hot-injection method with heating and high vacuum pressure is used to synthesize these colloidal nanoparticles. In this article, we report a low-cost synthetic method for FAPbI PQDs in air at atmospheric pressure with the assistance of ZnI.

Contribution of filtration and photocatalysis to DOM removal and fouling mechanism during in-situ UV-LED photocatalytic ceramic membrane process.

The use of ceramic membranes and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) has advanced the application of photocatalytic membrane for water treatment. We systematically evaluated the contribution of filtration and photocatalysis to dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal and fouling mechanism during in-situ UV-LED photocatalytic ceramic membrane filtration. The results showed that physical rejection primarily led to removal of 4-15 kDa molecules and photocatalysis further increased the removal of 1-4 kDa molecules, causing small sized microbial humic-like or protein-like materials in the permeate.

RNA mA demethylase ALKBH5 regulates the development of γδ T cells.

γδ T cells are an abundant T cell population at the mucosa and are important in providing immune surveillance as well as maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, despite γδ T cells' origin in the thymus, detailed mechanisms regulating γδ T cell development remain poorly understood. -methyladenosine (mA) represents one of the most common posttranscriptional modifications of messenger RNA (mRNA) in mammalian cells, but whether it plays a role in γδ T cell biology is still unclear.

Biventricular Myocardial Strain Analysis in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Tissue-Tracking Technology.

To evaluate both left and right ventricular (LV and RV) function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) using cardiac magnetic resonance tissue-tracking (CMR-TT) technology and explore its clinical value. Methods: A total of 79 participants (including 47 patients with PAH and 32 healthy controls) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) with a short-axis balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence. The biventricular cardiac function parameters and strain parameters were obtained by postprocessing with CVI42 software.

Insight into the degradation of ciprofloxacin by medium-pressure UV-activated monochloramine process.

The degradation efficiency and mechanisms of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a typical antibiotic, by a medium-pressure ultraviolet/chloramine (MPUV/NHCl) treatment were investigated. The results showed that CIP degradation by MPUV/NHCl was significantly higher than that by NHCl oxidation and MPUV photolysis, and that this degradation processes were consistent with pseudo-first-order kinetics. The initial CIP concentration (7.

Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking technology for differentiating between acute and chronic myocardial infarction.

Background: This study aimed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking (CMR-TT) technology in the quantitative evaluation of left myocardial infarction for differentiating between acute and chronic myocardial infarction.

Methods: A total of 104 human subjects were enrolled in this prospective study. Among them, 64 healthy subjects and 40 patients with left ventricular myocardial infarction and 7 days and 6 months' follow-up CMR studies, including steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence and late gadolinium enhancement MR imaging, were enrolled.

Insight into PPCP degradation by UV/NHCl and comparison with UV/NaClO: Kinetics, reaction mechanism, and DBP formation.

The UV/NHCl process is an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP) that is greatly effective in degrading pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). However, detailed information regarding the process is lacking. The degradation of ibuprofen (IBP, an electron-withdrawing PPCP) and naproxen (NPX, an electron-donating PPCP) in UV/NHCl and UV/NaClO processes was performed to investigate the applicability and security of the UV/NHCl process and compare with those of UV/NaClO.

Effect of granular activated carbon pore-size distribution on biological activated carbon filter performance.

Proper granular activated carbon (GAC) selection could improve the performance of biological activated carbon (BAC) filters through a combination of adsorption and biodegradation, while the GACs used in BAC filters are now mainly selected according to adsorption function, ignoring biodegradation. In this study, sand filter effluent obtained from a drinking water treatment plant was fed into continuous-flow bench-scale BAC columns operated in parallel over 245 days to examine the effects of GAC pore-size distribution on BAC filter performance, in terms of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors. A metagenomic analysis indicated that bacterial community structure played an important role in BAC filter performance.

Ceramic nanocomposite membranes and membrane fouling: A review.

Membrane technologies have broad applications in the removal of contaminants from drinking water and wastewater. In recent decades, ceramic membrane has made rapid progress in industrial/municipal wastewater treatment and drinking water treatment owing to their advantageous properties over conventional polymeric membrane. The beneficial characteristics of ceramic membranes include fouling resistance, high permeability, good recoverability, chemical stability, and long life time, which have found applications with the recent innovations in both fabrication methods and nanotechnology.

The impact of UV treatment on microbial control and DBPs formation in full-scale drinking water systems in northern China.

To manage potential microbial risks and meet increasingly strict drinking water health standards, UV treatment has attracted increasing attention for use in drinking water systems in China. However, the effects of UV treatment on microbial control and disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation in real municipal drinking water systems are poorly understood. Here, we collected water samples from three real drinking water systems in Beijing and Tianjin to investigate the impacts of UV treatment on microbial control and DBP formation.

Bioremoval of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by Pseudoxanthomonas sp. DIN-3 isolated from biological activated carbon process.

The presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environment is an emerging concern owing to their potential threat on aquatic ecosystems and living organisms. To investigate the bioremoval potential of a biological activated carbon (BAC) filter for the removal of NSAIDs, removal of diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBU), and naproxen (NAP) by biofilms on a bench-scaled BAC column operated for 400 days was studied. The results showed that the BAC column effectively removed the three NSAIDs (>90%).

Gender Differences in Language of Standardized Letter of Evaluation Narratives for Emergency Medicine Residency Applicants.

Objective: While gender differences in language for letters of recommendation have been identified in other fields, no prior studies have evaluated the narrative portion of the emergency medicine (EM) standardized letter of evaluation (SLOE). We aim to examine the differences in language used to describe male and female applicants within the SLOE narrative.

Methods: Invited applicants to a 4-year academic EM residency program within a single application year with a SLOE were included in the sample.

Catalyst-free activation of peroxides under visible LED light irradiation through photoexcitation pathway.

Catalysts are known to activate peroxides to generate active radicals (i.e., hydroxyl radical (OH) and sulfate radical (SO)) under certain conditions, but the activation of peroxides in the absence of catalysts under visible light irradiation has been rarely reported.

Women's perspectives on the context of violence and role of police in their intimate partner violence arrest experiences.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) accounts for up to 50% of all calls to police. In an effort to standardize arrest criteria, mandatory arrest laws were established. It is unclear whether subsequent increased rates of female arrest are due to greater recognition of female IPV perpetrators or of women acting in self-defense.

Retinal hemorrhages in low-risk children evaluated for physical abuse.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of retinal hemorrhage (RH) in children without intracranial injury who are being evaluated for abusive head trauma and to validate previously derived criteria for identifying patients within this population who are at low risk of having RH on dilated eye examination.

Design: Medical record review.

Setting: Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from January 1, 2006, to April 30, 2010.