Exosomal circ_0093708 as a potential ferroptosis biomarker in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: Ferroptosis plays a critical role in neuronal injury following cerebral infarction. However, effective therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) remain limited. Exosome-based therapy holds significant promise in this context.

Catestatin attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Catestatin (CST), as a pleiotropic hormone, displays an anti-apoptotic effect, in addition to its known roles in cardiovascular regulation. However, the role of CST in ischemic stroke remains unclear.

Age and body mass index are associated with type Ⅲ aortic arch in patients undergoing digital subtraction angiography.

Background And Purpose: Type Ⅲ aortic arch can increase the difficulty of interventional surgery in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. This study was performed to explore the factors associated with type Ⅲ aortic arch.

Materials And Methods: This observational, multicenter, case-control study was performed in Shaanxi Province, China and involved 841 patients who underwent cerebral angiography at 3 stroke centers from April 2019 to August 2020.

Children's home environments as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance: Divergent urban-rural risks from antibiotic resistance genes and pathogens.

Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) and pathogens pose a global health challenge, particularly for vulnerable children. However, limited knowledge is on their existence in home environments where children spend majority of time, even less on urban-rural differences. We collected settled dust from children's homes in urban(n = 31) and rural (n = 34) areas of Shanghai, China, and analyzed microbiomes, ARGs and pathogens through metagenomic sequencing.

Exposure to Anthropogenic Heat Was Associated with the Increased Risks of Respiratory Allergy Symptoms in Preschool Children: A New Insight into the Urban Heat Island Effect.

Anthropogenic heat (AH) exerts a substantial influence on the local urban climate and intensifies the urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, the impact of AH exposure on respiratory allergy symptoms in preschool children has not been investigated. This study conducted a cross-sectional study of 39088 Chinese preschool children to investigate the associations between multisource AH exposure (building heat, industrial heat, metabolic heat, transportation heat, and total heat) and the risks of respiratory allergy symptoms (wheezing, night-cough, and rhinitis).

Distribution and partitioning behavior of phthalate esters (PAEs) and non-phthalate ester plasticizers (NPPs) in a home from northern China.

The distribution and partitioning behavior of phthalate esters (PAEs) and non-phthalate ester plasticizers (NPPs) in multi-media indoor environments is vital for assessing human exposure risks of human exposure. To investigate these behaviors, a one-year study was conducted in a non-occupied residential building, where PAEs and NPPs were analyzed in the indoor air, dust, and surface films. Results showed significantly greater concentration of ΣPAEs (2600 ± 1800 ng/m, 2400 ± 2000 μg/g, 20000 ± 17000 ng/m, 7900 ± 6900 ng/m in air, settled dust, window surfaces, respectively) than that of ΣNPPs (180 ± 320 ng/m, 1600 ± 1300 μg/g, and 5300 ± 5100 ng/m respectively) (p < 0.

Prenatal exposure to multiple air pollutants and risks of preterm birth and low birth weight in twins: A comparison between natural conception and medically assisted reproduction.

Exposure to air pollution has been linked to higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, evidence from twin pregnancies is limited, and differences between natural conception (NC) and medically assisted reproduction (MAR) remain unexplored. This study enrolled 935 twin pairs in Wuxi, China, from 2017 to 2022.

Indoor concentrations and exposure levels of CO, SO₂, NO₂, and O₃ in Chinese residences, schools, and offices (2000-2021): A systematic review.

This systematic review addressed critical knowledge gaps regarding the spatiotemporal patterns and human exposure to indoor gaseous pollutants (CO, SO₂, NO₂, O₃) in Chinese civil buildings (residences, schools, offices) from 2000 to 2021. A total of 108 field measurement studies revealed divergent temporal trends: a decline in indoor CO, SO, and NO concentrations over the past two decades in China, alongside a rise in indoor O concentrations. The highest CO (8.

Anisotropic Resonant Tunneling in Twist-Stacked van der Waals Heterostructure.

Resonant tunneling, with energy and momentum conservation, has been extensively studied in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures and has potential applications in band structure probing, multivalued logic, and oscillators. Lattice alignment is crucial in resonant tunneling transistors (RTTs) for achieving negative differential resistance (NDR) with a high peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) because twist-angle-induced momentum mismatch can break the resonant tunneling condition. Here, we report anisotropic resonant tunneling in twist-stacked ReSe/-BN/ReSe RTTs, where the PVR exhibits a strong dependence on the twist angle between the two ReSe layers, reaching a maximum at the twist angle of 102°.

Biomimetic celastrol nanocrystals with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity for suppressing breast cancer invasion and metastasis.

Breast cancer and its lung metastases pose significant threats to women's health worldwide, impacting their quality of life. Although several therapeutic strategies against breast cancer have been developed, they often cause serious side effects due to their high toxicity and low specificity. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies that offer potent anti-tumor activity with minimal toxicity are urgently needed to combat the threat of breast cancer and lung metastases.

Tailoring industrial enzymes for thermostability and activity evolution by the machine learning-based iCASE strategy.

The pursuit of obtaining enzymes with high activity and stability remains a grail in enzyme evolution due to the stability-activity trade-off. Here, we develop an isothermal compressibility-assisted dynamic squeezing index perturbation engineering (iCASE) strategy to construct hierarchical modular networks for enzymes of varying complexity. Molecular mechanism analysis elucidates that the peak of adaptive evolution is reached through a structural response mechanism among variants.

Rational Design Engineering of 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase with Activity and Stability Enhancement.

5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the vital biosynthetic intermediate 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). However, its catalytic efficiency is compromised due to its low activity and poor stability. Here, we obtained the mutant I325M/V390Y/H391I (T6), which exhibited a 7.

Engineering mRNA vaccine with broad-spectrum protection against SARS-cov-2 variants.

Herd immunity through mass vaccination is an effective method for preventing infectious diseases. However, the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, with their frequent mutations, largely evade the immune response and protection induced by COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we designed messenger RNAs encoding mutant epitopes of the spike protein shared among various COVID-19 variants.

Effects of synbiotics surpass probiotics alone in improving type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Combining probiotics and prebiotics in synbiotics may present a synergistic approach to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, further evidence is required to establish the comparative efficacy of synbiotics versus probiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup) and a synbiotic mixture of MN-Gup and galactooligosaccharide (MN-Gup-GOS) on glycemic control in T2DM patients and explore possible mechanisms.

Single-Cell Sequencing Combined with Transcriptome Sequencing to Explore the Molecular Mechanisms Related to Skin Photoaging.

Background: The aging of skin is a diversified biological phenomenon, influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, the specific mechanism of skin photoaging is not yet completely elucidated.

Methods: Gene expression profiles for photoaging patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) collection.

Association of multiple environmental exposures with rhinitis and asthma symptoms in preschool children: Identifying critical risk factor.

Background: The concept "one airway, one disease" for childhood rhinitis and asthma has been challenged in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate associations of environmental exposures with alone and co-morbid symptoms of rhinitis and asthma and identify critical risk factor.

Methods: 5828 children aged 3-6 years in Shanghai were surveyed in 2019.

Association of Klotho and Gout in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: National Health and Nutrition Survey (2007-2016).

Background: Klotho, which is known to negatively regulate metabolic disorders and kidney disease, has a role in gout that remains unclear. This research explored how klotho levels correlate with the prevalence of gout.

Methods: Participants aged 40 to 79 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2016) were examined in both lines.

Associations of exposure to phthalate with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, and the mediating role of systemic immune inflammation.

Background: Previous studies found that urinary phthalates (PAEs) metabolites may be associated with increased serum uric acid concentration and hyperuricemia risk. However, no population-based study has investigated the underlying biological mechanisms.

Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study analyzed the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018.

Association Between the Serum Phosphate Levels and Hospital Mortality as Well as 90-Day Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: COPD patients frequently have abnormal serum phosphorus levels. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between serum phosphorus levels with hospital and 90-day mortality in critically ill patients with COPD.

Patients And Methods: The MIMIC IV database was used for this retrospective cohort analysis.

Sliding Memristor in Parallel-Stacked Hexagonal Boron Nitride.

Sliding ferroelectricity in 2D materials, arising from interlayer sliding-induced interlayer hybridization and charge redistribution at the van der Waals interface, offers a means to manipulate spontaneous polarization at the atomic scale through various methods such as stacking order, interfacial contact, and electric field. However, the practical application of extending 2D sliding ferroelectricity remains challenging due to the contentious mechanisms and the complex device structures required for ferroelectric switching. Here, a sliding memristor based on a graphene/parallel-stacked hexagonal boron nitride/graphene tunneling device, featuring a stable memristive hysteresis induced by interfacial polarizations and barrier height modulations, is presented.

Complex impact of metals on the fate of disinfection by-products in drinking water pipelines: A systematic review.

Metals in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) play an important role on the fate of disinfection by-products (DBPs). They can increase the formation of DBPs through several mechanisms, such as enhancing the proportion of reactive halogen species (RHS), catalysing the reaction between natural organic matter (NOM) and RHS through complexation, or by increasing the conversion of NOM into DBP precursors. This review comprehensively summarizes these complex processes, focusing on the most important metals (copper, iron, manganese) in DWDS and their impact on various DBPs.

Kidney function decline mediates the adverse effects of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on uric acid levels and hyperuricemia risk.

Previous studies indicated per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were related to uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, but evidence for the exposure-response (E-R) curves and combined effect of PFAS mixture is limited. Moreover, the potential mediation effect of kidney function was not assessed. Hence, we conducted a national cross-sectional study involving 13,979 US adults in NHANES 2003-2018 to examine the associations of serum PFAS with uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, and the mediation effects of kidney function.

Indoor metabolites and chemicals outperform microbiome in classifying childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Indoor microorganisms impact asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), but the associated microbial taxa often vary extensively due to climate and geographical variations. To provide more consistent environmental assessments, new perspectives on microbial exposure for asthma and AR are needed. Home dust from 97 cases (32 asthma alone, 37 AR alone, 28 comorbidity) and 52 age- and gender-matched controls in Shanghai, China, were analyzed using high-throughput shotgun metagenomic sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.