Manganese suppresses tumor growth through hyper-activating IRE1α.

IRE1α and its downstream XBP1 signal is the most conserved unfolded protein response pathway that cells utilize to combat endoplasmic reticulum stress, also known to be utilized by tumor cells to adapt to harsh environment, leading to tumor progression. Several inhibitors against IRE1α have been developed, some of which show promising effect in clinical trial for cancer therapy, but none of them have been used in practice. Considering that hyper-activation of IRE1α induces cell death, we hypothesize that activation of IRE1α could be an alternative way for tumor suppression.

Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of Residual Gases in Shale and Granite.

Shale and granite are the most potential helium source rocks; however, the distinctions in geochemical characteristics and the origin of residual gas remain unclear, which restricts the exploration and development of helium resources. A total of 11 rock samples (six shales and five granites) were collected from the Yangtze region for the analysis of the chemical composition, noble gas component, and isotope ratio of rock residual gas, as well as the mineral composition, major and trace elements of rock samples. The total absolute content of residual gas in shale is much higher than that in granite.

PERK and IRE1α promote exosome secretion via blocking lysosomal degradation of multiple vesicular body.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) initiated under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can not only maintain the ER homeostasis but also modulate the secretion of proteins and lipids that transmit ER stress signals among cells. Exosomes are multivesicular body (MVB)-derived extracellular vesicles, constituting the unconventional protein secretion pathway. Whether and how the secretion of exosomes is regulated by the UPR remains largely unknown.

iPSC-derived NK cells engineered with CD226 effectively control acute myeloid leukemia.

CD226 plays a vital role in NK cell cytotoxicity, interacting with its ligands on tumor targets. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells have developed mechanisms to escape NK cell cytotoxicity, including inducing downregulation of CD226 on NK cells. Induced pluripotent stem cell -derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells offer an important source of standardized off-the-shelf NK cell therapy to treat AML patients.

Origin, Distribution, and Influential Factors of Organic Acids in Deep and Ultradeep Clastic Reservoirs within the Fukang Sag of the Junggar Basin.

In deep and ultradeep clastic reservoirs, secondary porosity functions as the primary space for hydrocarbon storage, intricately associated with the dissolution processes of water-soluble organic acids (WSOAs). However, conventional theories concerning secondary porosity predominantly emphasize medium-depth or shallow reservoirs, lacking a thorough investigation into how WSOA-driven mechanisms affect deeper strata formations. To bridge this gap, our research involved selecting 36 samples from Mesozoic Permian clastic rock formations situated in western China's Fukang Sag within the Junggar Basin region.

Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of Molecular Markers in the Paleogene-Neogene Crude Oils of the Northwest Qaidam Basin.

The western Qaidam Basin is rich in oil and gas resources, constituting over 90% of the total oil and gas resources in the whole basin. However, the regional distribution characteristics of molecular markers of crude oil and the petroleum system elements relevant to the distribution of oil and gas in the northwest Qaidam Basin are still unclear, which restricts further exploration of oil and gas reservoirs. A total of 38 crude oils were collected from the Xiaoliangshan Sag and Mangya Sag in the northwest Qaidam Basin and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Helical au nanostructure for SERS detection of hazardous molecular and chiral enantiomers.

In recent years, incidents of pesticide pollution and abuse of feed additives have occurred frequently, which pose a great threat to human health. Raman spectroscopy has become an important method in the field of food safety due to its rapidity, simplicity and sensitivity. It is important to obtain complex structure to promote surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect.

Exploring the Effect of Steric Hindrance on Trans-cleavage Activity of CRISPR-cas12a for Ultrasensitive SERS Detection of P53 DNA.

The trans-cleavage properties of Cas12a make it important for gene editing and disease diagnosis. In this work, the effect of spatial site resistance on the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a was studied. First, we have explored the cutting effect of Cas12a when different-sized nanoparticles are linked with various spacings of DNA strands using the fluorescence method.

Comparative Study on Flow Characteristics in Deep Marine and Marine-Continental Transitional Shale in the Southeastern Sichuan Basin, China.

Permeability is a significant characteristic of porous media and a crucial parameter for shale gas development. This study focuses on deep marine and marine-continental transitional shale in the southeastern Sichuan area using the gas pulse decay testing method to systematically analyze the gas permeability, stress sensitivity, and gas transport mechanisms of shale under different pressure conditions and directions. The results show that the porosity and gas permeability of the deep marine shale are greater compared to those of the marine-continental transitional shale.

Correction: pH-Responsive fluorescent graphene quantum dots for fluorescence-guided cancer surgery and diagnosis.

Correction for 'pH-Responsive fluorescent graphene quantum dots for fluorescence-guided cancer surgery and diagnosis' by Zetan Fan , , 2017, , 4928-4933, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR00888K.

Rice false smut virulence protein subverts host chitin perception and signaling at lemma and palea for floral infection.

The flower-infecting fungus Ustilaginoidea virens causes rice false smut, which is a severe emerging disease threatening rice (Oryza sativa) production worldwide. False smut not only reduces yield, but more importantly produces toxins on grains, posing a great threat to food safety. U.

Measurement of Gas Diffusion Coefficients in Cores of Fine-Grained Lithologies Considering Stress and Adsorption Effects.

Matrix diffusivity is vital for developing tight sandstone and shale gas reservoirs. This study proposes a method to test the diffusivities of a core under confining pressure conditions using the gas diffusion technique. The diffusivities of methane and helium were examined in fine-grained rocks (sandy shale, silty sandstone, tight sandstone, and shale) under specific stress conditions.

Ubiquilin-4 induces immune escape in gastric cancer by activating the notch signaling pathway.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the role of ubiquilin-4 in predicting the immunotherapy response in gastric cancer.

Methods: Retrospective RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis were performed for patients with gastric cancer who received programmed death-1 blockade therapy after recurrence. Multiplex immunohistochemistry identified immune cell types in gastric cancer tissues.

Study on Pyrolysis Kinetics, Behavior, and Mechanism of Organic-Rich Tuffaceous Mudstones Based on Thermogravimetric Analysis.

Organic-rich tuffaceous mudstones are important oil and gas resources. The systematic study of the pyrolysis kinetics and characteristics can not only provide the theoretical basis for the rational development and efficient utilization of these rocks but also is an important complement to the theoretical research on the pyrolysis kinetics of organic-rich rocks. In this study, the pyrolysis kinetics, behavior, and mechanism of the organic-rich tuffaceous mudstone in the Junggar Basin were clarified by thermogravimetric analysis.

Leveraging CD16 fusion receptors to remodel the immune response for enhancing anti-tumor immunotherapy in iPSC-derived NK cells.

Background: The cytotoxicity of NK cells is largely dependent on IgG Fc receptor CD16a, which mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The high-affinity and non-cleavable CD16 (hnCD16) is developed and demonstrated a multi-tumor killing potential. However, the hnCD16 receptor activates a single CD16 signal and provides limited tumor suppression.

A natural allele of proteasome maturation factor improves rice resistance to multiple pathogens.

Crops with broad-spectrum resistance loci are highly desirable in agricultural production because these loci often confer resistance to most races of a pathogen or multiple pathogen species. Here we discover a natural allele of proteasome maturation factor in rice, UMP1, that confers broad-spectrum resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Ustilaginoidea virens and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Golovinomyces cichoracearum effector-associated nuclear localization of RPW8.2 amplifies its expression to boost immunity in Arabidopsis.

Arabidopsis RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.2 (RPW8.2) is specifically induced by the powdery mildew (PM) fungus (Golovinomyces cichoracearum) in the infected epidermal cells to activate immunity.

Cancer cell-intrinsic XBP1 drives immunosuppressive reprogramming of intratumoral myeloid cells by promoting cholesterol production.

A hostile microenvironment in tumor tissues disrupts endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). A chronic UPR in both cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes could facilitate the evasion of immune surveillance. However, how the UPR in cancer cells cripples the anti-tumor immune response is unclear.

Overproduction of OsRACK1A, an effector-targeted scaffold protein promoting OsRBOHB-mediated ROS production, confers rice floral resistance to false smut disease without yield penalty.

Grain formation is fundamental for crop yield but is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic stresses. Rice grain production is threatened by the false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, which specifically infects rice floral organs, disrupting fertilization and seed formation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the U.

miR167d-ARFs Module Regulates Flower Opening and Stigma Size in Rice.

Flower opening and stigma exertion are two critical traits for cross-pollination during seed production of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we demonstrate that the miR167d-ARFs module regulates stigma size and flower opening that is associated with the elongation of stamen filaments and the cell arrangement of lodicules.