Exosomal miR-2137 from cadmium-treated hepatocytes drives renal ferroptosis via GPX4 suppression and is alleviated by selenium.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that primarily affects the liver and kidneys. Despite greater Cd accumulation in the liver, Cd-induced oxidative damage is more pronounced in the kidney, suggesting the involvement of hepatorenal communication. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Characterization of the Binding and Inhibition Mechanisms of a Novel Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the Stem Helix Region in the S2 Subunit of the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2.

Background/objectives: For viral entry into host cells, the spike (S) protein of coronavirus (CoV) uses its S1 domain to bind to the host receptor and S2 domain to mediate the fusion between virion and cellular membranes. The S1 domain acquired multiple mutations as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolved to give rise to Variant of Concerns (VOCs) but the S2 domain has limited changes. In particular, the stem helix in S2 did not change significantly and it is fairly well-conserved across multiple beta-CoVs.

Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of Residual Gases in Shale and Granite.

Shale and granite are the most potential helium source rocks; however, the distinctions in geochemical characteristics and the origin of residual gas remain unclear, which restricts the exploration and development of helium resources. A total of 11 rock samples (six shales and five granites) were collected from the Yangtze region for the analysis of the chemical composition, noble gas component, and isotope ratio of rock residual gas, as well as the mineral composition, major and trace elements of rock samples. The total absolute content of residual gas in shale is much higher than that in granite.

AF6 regulates intestinal IgA via crosstalk between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells in inflammatory bowel disease.

The pathogenic factors of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are very complex, and further investigation of its pathogenesis is necessary. Some polar proteins have been reported to perform functions other than maintaining cell structure. In this study, we reported that the polar protein AF6 expressed by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) can regulate the expression of MHCII in epithelial cells, thus affecting the cross dialogue between IECs and immune cells, and promoting the secretion of IgA by B cells to play a protective function.

Distal Ileal Atresia in a Preterm Infant with Minor Omphalocele: A Case Report.

Introduction: Omphalocele is a congenital abdominal wall defect that is characterized by herniation of the abdominal viscera through the umbilical ring. Compared with gastroschisis, omphalocele is less frequently associated with ileal atresia. This report describes a preterm newborn with a minor omphalocele complicated by ileal atresia, a complication that may have been previously underestimated.

[Clinical Characteristics of Acute Leukemia Patients with Fusion Gene Positivity and Prognostic Analysis of Combined Venetoclax Targeted Therapy].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic of venetoclax (VEN) combined targeted therapy in acute leukemia (AL) patients with fusion gene positivity.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 16 -positive AL patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2021 to August 2024. These patients were diagnosed by targeted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) or reverse transcription multiplex PCR, including newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory (R/R) cases.

Surgical lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease is a safe procedure in carefully selected patients.

Purpose: Surgical lung biopsy (SLB) offers the highest histopathologic yield for interstitial lung disease (ILD). We sought to identify risk factors for complications, and developed a predictive model to help stratify risk for patients being considered for SLB.

Methods: Large single center retrospective study of outpatient SLBs with individually confirmed biopsy indication.

Enhanced denitrification and fouling control in hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor using novel flat membrane module.

In hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactors (H-MBfR), the most critical concerns revolve removal rate and membrane fouling. This study introduces a novel flat membrane module to enhance denitrification efficiency and the operational stability of MBfR. The membrane module featured an additional layer of polyester material on outer side of the membrane.

Identification of metabolic pathways and serum biomarkers in diabetic cardiomyopathy using untargeted metabolomics.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy represents a significant and irreversible chronic cardiovascular complication among diabetic patients. The condition is characterised by early diastolic dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction, and other complex pathophysiological events that ultimately lead to heart failure. Untargeted metabolomic analysis represents a powerful tool for the discovery of novel biomarkers.

Atmospheric Pollutants, Cardiometabolic Disorders, and Dementia in Trajectory Analysis: A 13-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: First cardiometabolic disorders (FCMDs) and dementia pose a significant burden on aging populations. Investigating the association between atmospheric pollutants and the progression of FCMDs and dementia is crucial.

Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted on 413 149 participants from the UK Biobank.

Microbiome and metabolome explain the high-fat diet-induced diabetes development and diabetes resistance in Guizhou mini-pigs.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an obesity-related disease claiming substantial global mortality annually. Current animal models of T2DM remain limited, with low success rates in establishing porcine models of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced T2DM. Our experimental design employed 35 Guizhou mini-pigs to develop a T2DM model via HFD induction, aiming to identify microbial and metabolic signatures associated with disease pathogenesis and resistance.

Operation and Practice of the Scott-Munro Model: Risk Assessment of Intraoperatively Acquired Pressure Injuries.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the Scott-Munro (S-M) model in the dynamic assessment of intraoperatively acquired pressure injuries (IAPIs) in adults.

Methods: This study included 8,254 patients who underwent surgery between October 2022 and September 2023. The S-M model was applied for the dynamic risk assessment of IAPIs.

Physical Activity, Genetic Susceptibility, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: It is crucial to identify modifiable preventive measures to mitigate the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a high-risk group for CRC. We conducted a study to investigate the potential association between various levels of physical activity (PA) and the incidence of CRC, taking account of genetic susceptibility, in a T2D population cohort.

Methods: The study was based on UK Biobank (UKB) data on persons diagnosed with T2D; the participants were tracked until 2022.

Tracking Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Flux with a pH-Resistant Fluorescent Reporter.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective autophagic pathway responsible for degrading cytoplasmic proteins within lysosomes. Monitoring CMA flux is essential for understanding its functions and molecular mechanisms but remains technically complex and challenging. In this study, we developed a pH-resistant probe, KFERQ-Gamillus, by screening various green fluorescent proteins.

Lead-induced actin polymerization aggravates neutrophil extracellular trap formation and contributes to vascular inflammation.

Lead (Pb) exposure is widely acknowledged as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have established neutrophil involvement in Pb-induced cardiovascular injuries; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, the binding targets of Pb in neutrophils and their roles in regulating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation were investigated.

zMAP toolset: model-based analysis of large-scale proteomic data via a variance stabilizing z-transformation.

Isobaric labeling-based mass spectrometry (ILMS) has been widely used to quantify, on a proteome-wide scale, the relative protein abundance in different biological conditions. However, large-scale ILMS data sets typically involve multiple runs of mass spectrometry, bringing great computational difficulty to the integration of ILMS samples. We present zMAP, a toolset that makes ILMS intensities comparable across mass spectrometry runs by modeling the associated mean-variance dependence and accordingly applying a variance stabilizing z-transformation.

Unraveling the genetic susceptibility of irritable bowel syndrome: integrative genome-wide analyses in 845 492 individuals: a diagnostic study.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) significantly impacts individuals due to its prevalence and negative effect on quality of life. Current genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have only identified a small number of crucial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), not fully elucidating IBS's pathogenesis.

Objective: To identify genomic loci at which common genetic variation influences IBS susceptibility.

Template Role of Long Alkyl-Chain Amides in the Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks.

Organic amides as solvents and structure directing agents (SDAs) are crucial for synthesizing zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). However, current research focuses only on the use of short alkyl-chain amides as solvents/SDAs. Here, we investigate the role of amides with varying alkyl-chain lengths on the structures and topologies of Zn(Im) polymorphs.

Evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 S protein undergoes a conformational change at the Golgi complex that leads to the formation of virus neutralising antibody binding epitopes in the S1 protein subunit.

Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S protein expression was examined in Vero cells by imaging using the human monoclonal antibody panel (PD4, PD5, sc23, and sc29). The PD4 and sc29 antibodies recognised conformational specific epitopes in the S2 protein subunit at the Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. While PD5 and sc23 detected conformationally specific epitopes in the S1 protein subunit at the Golgi complex, only PD5 recognised the receptor binding domain (RBD).

Diagnostic testing preferences can help inform future public health response efforts: Global insights from an international survey.

Public perception regarding diagnostic sample types as well as personal experiences can influence willingness to test. As such, public preferences for specific sample type(s) should be used to inform diagnostic and surveillance testing programs to improve public health response efforts. To understand where preferences lie, we conducted an international survey regarding the sample types used for SARS-CoV-2 tests.