Research and advances in mouse models of diabetic nephropathy: a narrative review.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and thus, appropriate animal models are critically needed to investigate its pathogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets. DN mouse models are important tools for studying the mechanisms of DN and exploring therapeutic strategies. Common features of the renal pathology in diabetic patients include thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury, and interstitial fibrosis.

Enhancing CO Photoreduction Efficiency Through Improved Interaction Enabled by a Decorated Covalent-Organic Framework.

Photoreduction of CO is often hindered by the sluggish kinetics for its activation. Refinement of host-guest interactions is an effective strategy to overcome this barrier. Here, we report the immobilization of active Co(II) sites within a covalent-organic framework (COF) with a one-dimensional (1D) chain structure, Co-PyPDA-COF, which demonstrates a remarkable CO generation rate of 30.

Insights into A-Site Ion Engineering for Boosting Luminescence Efficiency in Lead-Free Perovskites.

Zero dimensional (0D) lead-free perovskites, particularly CsSnBr, have emerged as promising alternatives to toxic lead-based perovskites due to their distinctive broadband emission originating from self-trapped excitons (STEs). However, their practical implementation has been hindered by low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and an insufficient understanding of the STE enhancement mechanism. In this work, we systematically investigate the role of A-site ion engineering (NH, MA, and FA) in enhancing STE emission by inducing lattice distortion in the [SnBr] octahedron.

Enhancing CO Electroreduction to Ethylene in Acidic Solution by Optimizing Cation Configuration on the Cu Surface.

The electroreduction of CO to CH offers a promising avenue for advancing carbon neutrality and promoting sustainable chemical manufacturing. In acidic environments, while long-term operational stability and CO utilization efficiency are enhanced, the formation of C-C bonds is hindered due to the weak adsorption of *CO intermediates and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Theoretical studies suggest that K cations with reduced bound water content can strengthen the adsorption of the critical *CO intermediate, and that elevated K concentrations on the Cu electrode surface significantly facilitate CO electroreduction to CH.

Overexpression of KRAS enhanced the stemness of esophageal cancer cells inhibited by overexpression of circ0043898.

Background: Our previous study revealed that circ0043898 is downregulated in esophageal cancer (EC), and its overexpression attenuates the progression of EC. The objective of this article is to explore whether circ0043898 inhibits tumor progression by inhibiting cancer stem cells (CSCs) in EC.

Methods: PCDH-circ0043898 plasmid was transfected into EC cells, and the effect of overexpression was verified by qRT-PCR.

An ultralight, tiny, flexible six-axis force/torque sensor enables dexterous fingertip manipulations.

Multi-dimensional mechanoreceptors are crucial for both humans and robots, providing omnidirectional force/torque senses to ensure dexterous and precise manipulations. Current six-axis force/torque sensors are bulky, heavy, and rigid with complicated sensing structures and high-cost manufacture. Although flexible force sensors have emerged recently, their perceptive dimension and performance are limited and still unsatisfactory for practical applications.

Modulating CO electroreduction pathways through controlled ionomer arrangement on catalyst surfaces via solvent dispersion.

Ionomers play a vital role in the preparation of electrodes for CO electroreduction, and controlling the ionomer configuration on the catalyst surface offers an effective strategy for adjusting the surface microenvironment of the electrode, thereby influencing the distribution of CO electroreduction products. In this study, we demonstrate that Nafion, a commonly used ionomer, exhibits distinct aggregation behaviors in solvents with different dielectric constant (ε) values. These differences in aggregation result in varied Nafion arrangements on the catalyst surface, which in turn affect the binding of ∗CO and ∗H intermediates, enabling control over product distribution.

MicroRNAs and lysosomal membrane proteins: Critical interactions in tumor progression and therapy.

Cancer development is influenced by genetic and epigenetic variations, with the interactions between microRNAs (miRNAs) and lysosomal membrane proteins (LMPs) representing key regulatory mechanisms with potential as therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the complex regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs and LMPs in tumor progression, specifically highlighting their roles in tumor suppression, tumor promotion, tumor therapy, and drug resistance and their future application in treatment strategies. Overall, the interactions of LMPs with miRNAs have critical roles in tumor regulation, and studies of these interactions will further highlight their molecular contributions to cancer development.

Genomic surveillance and evolution of Getah virus.

Getah virus (GETV), a member of the , has spread widely and is expanding its host range worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health safety and the farming industry. However, genetic monitoring of GETV is inadequate, and its evolution and transmission remain unclear. This study employed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to screen pig tissue samples for the presence of GETV.

ARNTL2: a key player in promoting tumor aggressiveness in papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: The increasing occurrence of thyroid cancer (TC), particularly papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), highlights our need for better diagnostic indicators and new therapeutic targets. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 2 (ARNTL2) plays a crucial function in multiple tumor types. Accordingly, we investigated the oncogenic function and molecular pathways associated with ARNTL2 in PTC.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist tirzepatide promotes branched chain amino acid catabolism to prevent myocardial infarction in non-diabetic mice.

Aims: A novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, tirzepatide (LY3298176, TZP), has been developed to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In ischaemic heart diseases, TZP is involved in cardiac metabolic processes. However, its efficacy and safety in treating heart failure (HF) following myocardial infarction (MI) remain uncertain.

Comparison of short-and long-term outcomes between endovascular and open repair for descending thoracic aortic aneurysm: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of endovascular versus open repair for the treatment of patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (DTAA).

Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies was performed. Outcome data, including postoperative mortality and morbidity, operative details, all-cause survival, freedom from aortic-related survival and freedom from aortic-related re-intervention, were independently extracted by two authors in a standardized way.

Temperature-dependent pathways in carbon dioxide electroreduction.

Temperature affects both the thermodynamics of intermediate adsorption and the kinetics of elementary reactions. Despite its extensive study in thermocatalysis, temperature effect is typically overlooked in electrocatalysis. This study investigates how electrolyte temperature influences CO electroreduction over Cu catalysts.

Enhancing CO Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products by Modulating the Surface Microenvironment of Electrode with Polyethylene Glycol.

Modulating the surface microenvironment of electrodes stands as a pivotal aspect in enhancing the electrocatalytic performance for CO electroreduction. Herein, we propose an innovative approach by incorporating a small amount of linear oligomer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), into CuO catalysts during the preparation of the Cu electrode. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) toward multicarbon products (C) increases from 69.

Impeding Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor 3 Inflammasome Ameliorates Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction in Obesity-Associated Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Inflammation and metabolic disturbances are key culprits in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiomyopathy. The NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3) inflammasome mediates the release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and IL-18 by activating caspase-1, which is strongly implicated in metabolic disturbances. We here sought to determine whether NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition could ameliorate obesity cardiomyopathy and if so, to further explore its underlying mechanisms.

Selective hydrogenolysis of the Csp-O bond in the furan ring using hydride-proton pairs derived from hydrogen spillover.

Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived furanic compounds is a promising approach for synthesizing aliphatic polyols by opening the furan ring. However, there remains a significant need for highly efficient catalysts that selectively target the Csp-O bond in the furan ring, as well as for a deeper understanding of the fundamental atomistic mechanisms behind these reactions. In this study, we present the use of Pt-Fe bimetallic catalysts supported on layered double hydroxides [PtFe /LDH] for the hydrogenolysis of furanic compounds into aliphatic alcohols, achieving over 90% selectivity toward diols and triols.

Switching Reaction Pathways of CO Electroreduction by Modulating Cations in the Electrochemical Double Layer.

Tuning the selectivity of CO electroreduction reaction (CORR) solely by changing electrolyte is a very attractive topic. In this study, we conducted CORR in different aqueous electrolytes over bulk metal electrodes. It was discovered that controlled CORR could be achieved by modulating cations in the electrochemical double layer.

A data-efficient and easy-to-use lip language interface based on wearable motion capture and speech movement reconstruction.

Lip language recognition urgently needs wearable and easy-to-use interfaces for interference-free and high-fidelity lip-reading acquisition and to develop accompanying data-efficient decoder-modeling methods. Existing solutions suffer from unreliable lip reading, are data hungry, and exhibit poor generalization. Here, we propose a wearable lip language decoding technology that enables interference-free and high-fidelity acquisition of lip movements and data-efficient recognition of fluent lip language based on wearable motion capture and continuous lip speech movement reconstruction.

Abnormal Degraded Tapetum 1 (ADT1) is required for tapetal cell death and pollen development in rice.

The timely degradation of tapetum, the innermost somatic anther cell layer in flowering plants, is critical for pollen development. Although several genes involved in tapetum development have been characterized, the molecular mechanisms underlying tapetum degeneration remain elusive. Here, we showed that mutation in Abnormal Degraded Tapetum 1 (ADT1) resulted in overaccumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and abnormal anther development, causing earlier tapetum Programmed Cell Death (PCD) and pollen abortion.

Steering the Reaction Pathway of CO Electroreduction by Tuning the Coordination Number of Copper Catalysts.

Cu-based catalysts are optimal for the electroreduction of CO to generate hydrocarbon products. However, controlling product distribution remains a challenging topic. The theoretical investigations have revealed that the coordination number (CN) of Cu considerably influences the adsorption energy of *CO intermediates, thereby affecting the reaction pathway.

Restricted Boltzmann Machines Implemented by Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junctions.

Artificial intelligence has surged forward with the advent of generative models, which rely heavily on stochastic computing architectures enhanced by true random number generators with adjustable sampling probabilities. In this study, we develop spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junctions (SOT-MTJs), investigating their sigmoid-style switching probability as a function of the driving voltage. This feature proves to be ideally suited for stochastic computing algorithms such as the restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) prevalent in pretraining processes.

Probability-Distribution-Configurable True Random Number Generators Based on Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junctions.

The incorporation of randomness into stochastic computing can provide ample opportunities for applications such as simulated annealing, non-polynomial hard problem solving, and Bayesian neuron networks. In these cases, a considerable number of random numbers with an accurate and configurable probability distribution function (PDF) are indispensable. Preferably, these random numbers are provided at the hardware level to improve speed, efficiency, and parallelism.

LRFNet: A real-time medical image fusion method guided by detail information.

Multimodal medical image fusion (MMIF) technology plays a crucial role in medical diagnosis and treatment by integrating different images to obtain fusion images with comprehensive information. Deep learning-based fusion methods have demonstrated superior performance, but some of them still encounter challenges such as imbalanced retention of color and texture information and low fusion efficiency. To alleviate the above issues, this paper presents a real-time MMIF method, called a lightweight residual fusion network.