Chinese multicenter expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: 2025 edition.

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts, and it is characterized by an aggressive nature, complex surgical management, high mortality, and poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in surgical techniques, medical devices, and related technologies, there remains a pressing need to standardize diagnostic and therapeutic pathways to improve treatment outcomes and extend long-term patient survival. To better integrate and refine these standards, this consensus was reached through a national conference held in Changsha, Hunan Province, involving multidisciplinary experts from various regions across China.

Factors influencing the prevalence and death rate of COPD: a pan-database ecological study covering 201 countries and regions from 1990 to 2021.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, heterogeneous disease and may be influenced by diverse factors. However, gaps remain in previous studies regarding the exploration of potential influencing factors. This study aims to investigate the wide range of potential factors influencing COPD based on a pan-database ecological analysis.

Adjuvant Chemoradiation and Immunotherapy for Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHC) and gallbladder cancer (GBC), which make up most biliary tract cancers, have distinct molecular and clinical features compared with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. However, effective adjuvant treatments specifically for patients with resectable EHC and GBC are scarce.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy combining with chemoradiotherapy.

Characteristics of polyclonal anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies and novel diagnostic strategies: A prospective cohort study of new biomarkers.

Background: -γ interferon autoantibody (AIGA) syndrome is a widespread and grossly underestimated immunodeficiency disorder characterized by high mortality rates and a lack of standardized diagnostic methods. A highly accurate AIGA biomarker that meets the requirements of absolute quantification is urgently needed to enable the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of the disease. In our study, we aimed to identify the primary components of AIGAs, determine their function, and develop a novel diagnostic method.

Wenqing Yin Attenuates the Allergic Contact Dermatitis Response by Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT1 and MAPK Signaling Pathways.

Objective: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed-type inflammatory skin illness, and its incidence rate is 10-20%. Wenqing Yin (WQY) is a classic prescription commonly used to treat ACD in China and Japan, and this study aims to explore the pharmacological effect and therapeutic mechanism of WQY to treat ACD.

Methods: The pharmacological effect of WQY were investigated using a mouse model caused by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, and the Th1 and Th2 cells numbers in spleen were measured.

Syntaxin-6 mediated autophagy confers lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Lenvatinib is the first-line therapy for inoperable HCC. However, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance occurs during the treatment period. Autophagy is an adaptive response that favors tumor survival under stress.

Early differential diagnosis models of Talaromycosis and Tuberculosis in HIV-negative hosts using clinical data and machine learning.

Background: Talaromyces marneffei is an emerging pathogen, and the number of infections in HIV-negative individuals is increasing. In HIV-negative individuals, talaromycosis is usually misdiagnosed as another disease, especially tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: We retrospectively extracted the clinical data of HIV-negative patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection from 2018 to 2023, analyzed the differences between TB patients and talaromycosis patients and attempted to establish differential diagnosis models utilizing clinical prediction models for these two diseases.

One-step diagnosis of infection and lung cancer using metagenomic sequencing.

Background: Traditional detection methods face challenges in meeting the diverse clinical needs for diagnosing both lung cancer and infections within a single test. Onco-mNGS has emerged as a promising solution capable of accurately identifying infectious pathogens and tumors simultaneously. However, critical evidence is still lacking regarding its diagnostic performance in distinguishing between pulmonary infections, tumors, and non-infectious, non-tumor conditions in real clinical settings.

C3AR1 as a target for preeclampsia: from bioinformatics and network pharmacology to experimental validation.

Background: Preeclampsia, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy, poses significant risks to both mother and fetus. The complement system's aberrant activation, notably the C3AR1, is important to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, although the precise mechanisms are not fully understood.

Materials And Methods: Utilizing the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB), we identified complement system targets associated with preeclampsia and environmental pollutants.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on respiratory and gut microbiome stability: a metagenomic investigation in long-term-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the exploration of microecology has been essential for elucidating the intricacies of infection mechanisms and the recovery of afflicted individuals. To decipher the interplay of microorganisms between the intestinal and respiratory tracts, we collected sputum and throat swabs and feces from COVID-19 patients and explored the mutual migration among intestinal and respiratory microorganisms. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we investigated intestinal and respiratory microorganism intermigration in two patients with severe COVID-19 during their hospitalization.

Multi-transcriptomics analysis of microvascular invasion-related malignant cells and development of a machine learning-based prognostic model in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Microvascular invasion (MVI) stands as a pivotal pathological hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), closely linked to unfavorable prognosis, early recurrence, and metastatic progression. However, the precise mechanistic underpinnings governing its onset and advancement remain elusive.

Methods: In this research, we downloaded bulk RNA-seq data from the TCGA and HCCDB repositories, single-cell RNA-seq data from the GEO database, and spatial transcriptomics data from the CNCB database.

Efficacy of Lenvatinib Combined with PD-1 Inhibitor versus Sorafenib and PD-1 Inhibitor with or Without TACE for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Extrahepatic Metastasis.

Background: Lenvatinib or Sorafenib combined with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor as recommend treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with extrahepatic metastasis (EHM). We aimed to compared the prognosis of Lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitor (Len+PD-1) versus Sorafenib plus PD-1 (Sora+PD-1) as an initial therapy for HCC with EHM.

Methods: Incorporating a sum of 229 HCC patients with EHM were encompassed within this study, with 127 in the Sora+PD-1 group and 102 in the Len+PD-1 group.

Patterns, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Recurrence After Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with and without Microvascular Invasion.

Purpose: The patterns and risk factors of postsurgical recurrence of patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with microvascular invasion (MVI) are not clarified. This study aimed to decipher and compare the postoperative recurrent patterns and the risk factors contributing to recurrence between MVI positive (MVI) and MVI negative (MVI) HCC after hepatectomy.

Patients And Methods: Patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy in three Chinese academic hospitals between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018, were enrolled.

Mendelian randomization analysis identifies druggable genes and drugs repurposing for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts public health. Unfortunately, there are few effective treatment options available. Mendelian randomization (MR) has been utilized to repurpose existing drugs and identify new therapeutic targets.

Improved diagnostic markers for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in COPD patients.

Background: The prevalence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is steadily increasing, leading to high mortality. Although early diagnosis can significantly reduce mortality, the efficacy of current diagnostic methods is limited. Consequently, there is a need for novel approaches for early IPA detection.

Adjuvant Transarterial Chemoembolization With Sorafenib for Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Certain patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus could benefit from surgical resection, and postoperative adjuvant therapy may lower the incidence of tumor recurrence.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of sorafenib plus transarterial chemoembolization vs sorafenib alone as postoperative adjuvant therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a phase 3, multicenter, randomized clinical trial conducted in 5 hospitals in China.

Efficacy and safety of caspofungin for the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of a 3-week primary or salvage caspofungin regimen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and concomitant proven or suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA).

Methods: Forty-four patients were treated with an initial loading caspofungin dose of 70 mg, followed by a daily dose of 50 mg for 20 days. The main efficacy endpoint was clinical effectiveness.

FASN-mediated fatty acid biosynthesis remodels immune environment in Clonorchis sinensis infection-related intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background & Aims: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer and is highly lethal. Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection is an important risk factor for iCCA.

Th1 cell immune response in infection with anti-interferon-γ autoantibody syndrome.

Anti-interferon-γ autoantibody (AIGA) syndrome may be the basis of disseminated infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative adults. However, the pathogenesis of Th1 cell immunity in infection with AIGA syndrome is unknown. A multicenter study of HIV-negative individuals with infection was conducted between September 2018 and September 2020 in Guangdong and Guangxi, China.

Effects of Thermal Exposure on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Ti-48Al-3Nb-1.5Ta Alloy via Powder Hot Isostatic Pressing.

Research on how thermal exposure affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-48Al-3Nb-1.5Ta (at. %) alloy, which is prepared via powder hot isostatic pressing (P-HIP), is essential since this low-density alloy shows promise for use in high-temperature applications, particularly for aero-engines, which require long-term stable service.

Safety and efficacy of onradivir in adults with acute uncomplicated influenza A infection: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Background: Onradivir (ZSP1273) is a novel anti-influenza A virus inhibitor. Preclinical studies show that onradivir can inhibit influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 replication and increase the survival rate of infected animals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three onradivir dosing regimens versus placebo in outpatients with acute uncomplicated influenza A virus infection.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis: a series of studies and a literature review.

Background/objective: With the development of society, pulmonary fungal diseases, represented by pulmonary aspergillosis and pulmonary cryptococcosis, have become increasingly common. However, there is a lack of clear understanding regarding coinfection by these two types of fungi in immunocompetent individuals.

Methods: A retrospective study from 2014 to 2022 and a systematic literature review of original articles published in English were performed.

Empirical insights into industrial policy's influence on phytoprotection innovation.

Intelligent Phytoprotection is an important direction for the modern development of plant protection related disciplines, and its essence is the innovative application of new generation information technology industry, high-end equipment manufacturing industry, and digital industry related technologies in the traditional plant protection field. This article first identifies 224 International Patent Classification (IPC) Main groups in the field of intelligent phytoprotection technology based on the International Patent Classification System. And then combines with China's industrial policy practice, we explore the impact of industrial policy on the application number of invention patents in the field of intelligent phytoprotection technology using the Difference-in-difference (DID) method and the Synthetic DID method.