Different management and movement in the agricultural nutrient balances of Korea and the Netherlands: Highest nutrient surplus countries among OECD members.

Korea and the Netherlands historically developed highly fertilized cropping systems, resulting in the highest nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) surpluses among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. However, their nutrient balances changed differently over the past three decades. The Netherlands reduced its N and P balances dramatically, from 328 to 166 kg ha and 35 to 4 kg ha, respectively, while Korea's balances remained unchanged with the highest levels in 2019 (230 kg N ha and 46 kg P ha).

Ergonomic insights into bicycle design: the significance of hip and shoulder adduction-abduction angles.

Comfortable Joint Angles (cja), Anthropometrics, Range Of Motion (rom) And Sex Are Crucial For Optimising Bicycle Designs To Enhance Performance And Prevent Injuries. Previous Studies Have Not Comprehensively Provided Related Data, Motivating The Current Study To Address Three Questions: (1) What is the CJA hip and shoulder abduction/adduction (ADD-ABD) for cyclists? (2) How do these measurements vary according to sex and stature? (3) What are the correlations among bicycle variables, anthropometrics, ROM and CJA of the hip and shoulder ADD-ABDs? Data were collected from 12 participants using three bicycles, web cameras and video processing. The analysis showed an average CJA of 26° and 83° for the hip and shoulder ADD-ABDs, respectively.

Roll-To-Roll Production of Smart Dressings for Wound Monitoring.

Chronic wounds require real-time monitoring to assess wound status and prevent complications. While colorimetric sensors provide a user-friendly, equipment-free approach with visible feedback, their clinical adoption is hindered by limited scalability, poor integration with commercial dressings, and susceptibility to interference from wound exudates-factors that have largely confined existing systems to laboratory research and prevented their practical use in clinical settings. Here, the first roll-to-roll production of smart dressings at a large scale and high throughput, with colorimetric sensors for real-time and historical wound monitoring is presented.

Accelerated brain magnetic resonance imaging with deep learning reconstruction: a comparative study on image quality in pediatric neuroimaging.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial in pediatric radiology; however, the prolonged scan time is a major drawback that often requires sedation. Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) is a promising method for accelerating MRI acquisition.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical feasibility of accelerated brain MRI with DLR in pediatric neuroimaging, focusing on image quality compared to conventional MRI.

Effects of Hyposalinity on Osmoregulation, Oxidative Stress, and Microbial Disruption in Chromis notata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843).

Climate change causes substantial alterations in marine environments, including salinity reduction due to glacial melting, increased rainfall, and freshwater influx, which impose stress on marine organisms. Hypoosmotic stress leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species, thereby disrupting physiological processes, such as osmoregulation, oxidative responses, and gut microbial stability, in marine fish. Here, we investigated the responses of Chromis notata, a stenohaline damselfish, exposed to hyposaline conditions (27 and 20 psu), to better understand the effects of hyposalinity on osmoregulation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota.

iMSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve Atopic Dermatitis by Augmenting Skin Barrier Integrity and Inhibiting Inflammation, Pruritus and Th2 Immune Responses.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by severe itching and eczematous lesions. Despite various treatments, AD patients experience side effects and fail to achieve full remission. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from IFN-γ-primed induced mesenchymal stem cells (IFN-γ-iMSC-EVs) in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model.

Pediatric Thyroid Nodules: K-TIRADS/ACR TI-RADS Pediatric-Specific Biopsy Cutoff Incorporating Clinical Risk Factors.

Background Pediatric thyroid nodules have a higher malignancy rate than adult nodules; yet, a pediatric-specific biopsy cutoff is lacking. Purpose To investigate the usefulness of repeat biopsy and a pediatric-specific biopsy cutoff incorporating risk factors to improve the diagnostic performance of the 2021 Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) and American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS). Materials and Methods US images of biopsy-confirmed pediatric thyroid nodules obtained at Seoul National University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.

Aberrant Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitor Subpopulations Drive Volumetric Muscle Loss-Induced Fibrosis.

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries result in chronic fibrosis, inflammation, and persistent functional deficits. Fibro-adipogenic progenitor (FAP) cells are a heterogeneous, muscle-resident stromal cell population that play a crucial role in muscle regeneration, but also contribute to fibrosis in muscle disease. The role of FAPs in VML is not well established and may be critical target to ensure functional muscle regeneration after VML.

Archaeal tyrosinase as a versatile biocatalyst for lignin-derived aromatic compounds valorization.

Biomass-derived aromatic compounds, including those obtained from lignin (which is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on Earth), are valuable for sustainable chemical production. Various lignin-degrading approaches have been developed to cleave recalcitrant bonds. The incorporation of biocatalysts that operate under environmentally friendly and mild conditions with high substrate specificity is considered one of the emerging strategies for lignin valorization.

Extract Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression and .

Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative disease characterized by cartilage degradation and inflammation, occurs due to trauma caused by external stimuli or cartilage aging. is a red alga that belongs to the Porphyra family and is consumed as food in Asia, especially Korea, Japan, and China. contains various bioactive substances, including carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamins, that exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-photoaging effects.

Comparing Outcomes With Subcutaneous Infliximab (CT-P13 SC) by Baseline Immunosuppressant Use: A Post Hoc Analysis of the LIBERTY-CD and LIBERTY-UC Studies.

Background: Superior efficacy of subcutaneous infliximab (CT-P13 SC) over placebo for maintenance therapy in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) was demonstrated in the randomized LIBERTY-CD and LIBERTY-UC studies. The current post hoc analysis compared outcomes with CT-P13 SC by baseline immunosuppressant use.

Methods: Patients with moderately to severely active CD or UC randomized to the CT-P13 SC maintenance arm of the 54-week LIBERTY trials at week 10 and who were treated in the open-label extension (weeks 56-102) were included.

Postprandial glycemic attenuation of size-dependent α-glucan fractions via Gluconobacter oxydans biosynthesis.

Slowly digestible carbohydrates have gained significant attention as functional ingredients for regulating blood glucose homeostasis, modulating appetite, and reducing the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we explored a bioconversion strategy using Gluconobacter oxydans ATCC 11894 to synthesize polysaccharides with a high proportion of α-1,6 glycosidic linkages from maltodextrins. The bioconversion process effectively generates distinct polysaccharide fractions, including high-molecular-weight dextran, isomaltomegalosaccharides (IMSs), and low-molecular-weight byproducts, each with unique structural properties.

Impact of Airstacking and Digital Pressure Feedback on Pulmonary Function in Restrictive Lung Disease: A Stratified Randomized Controlled Trial.

Airstacking is a technique to improve lung compliance and maximum insufflation capacity (MIC) in patients with neuromuscular disorders by sequentially inflating the lungs using a manual resuscitation bag. Traditional methods lack standardization and rely on subjective feedback. A pilot study established optimal pressure ranges using a digital manometer, suggesting its potential to standardize airstacking.

Development of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella conjugate vaccines and their evaluation in a trivalent formulation with typhoid conjugate vaccine.

Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections, primarily caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis), represent a significant public health concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains are increasingly prevalent.

Inhibitory Effects of Heat-Processed Extract (Actiponin) and Its Components on Cartilage Breakdown in Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA), caused by the long-term use of joints, is a representative degenerative disease in the elderly. However, recently, the age of onset has been decreasing owing to excessive activities among young people in their 20s and 30s. (Thunb.

Inoculation of starter cultures in dry processing enhanced the contents of bioactive compounds and sensory characteristics of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.).

Coffee is an economically important crop and one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Despite the beneficial potential of microbes in coffee fermentation, studies on their application in dry-processed coffee are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the microbiological, chemical, and sensory changes in Arabica coffee cherries inoculated with Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), and Aspergillus oryzae during dry processing.

Developing and validating a Chinese human-automation trust scale: Advancing trust measurement of emerging automation in sustainable ergonomics.

Measuring humans' learned trust in emerging automation systems across different trust development stages is important for fostering a sustainable and human-centered human-automation interaction. Given the notable differences in human-automation trust between Chinese culture and other cultures, particularly Western cultures, the development of an effective measurement tool for human-automation trust within Chinese cultural context is indispensable. This study aimed to develop a Chinese version of the Human-Automation Trust Scale (C-HATS) with reasonable reliability and validity, based on several existing theories and scales related to human-automation trust.

Task loading of soldering workers in small-scale manufacturing units.

Soldering is common in electrical product manufacturing, but the task load in small units is unquantified. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the occurrence of task load due to soldering work, analyzing the effects of age and sex among workers in small manufacturing units. The task load of 102 soldering workers from four small-scale manufacturing units was assessed using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire, covering six dimensions: physical demand, mental demand, temporal demand, effort, performance and frustration.

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide plus anti-thymocyte globulin decreased serum IL-6 levels when compared with post-transplant cyclophosphamide alone after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) are common prophylactic strategies for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). Interleukin (IL)-6 is a surrogate marker for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and acute GVHD.

Method: The clinical outcomes and complications of haplo-HSCT with PTCy plus ATG versus PTCy monotherapy were compared according to serum IL-6 levels at Chungnam National University Hospital (Daejeon, South Korea) from January 2019 to February 2023.

Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Dextran from Maltodextrin via pH Controlled Fermentation by .

Dextran is an exopolysaccharide (EPS) with multifunctional applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, primarily synthesized from . Dextran can be produced from dextrin through fermentation, utilizing its dextran dextrinase activity. This study examined how jar fermentor conditions impact the growth and enzyme activity of , with a focus on the effects of pH on dextran synthesis via bioconversion (without pH control, pH 4.

Chondroprotective Effect of Extract in Primary Chondrocytes and Rat OA Model.

() was extracted using fermented ethanol. The effect of fermented ethanol extract of (FeCH) on chondrocyte viability was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-iphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, which showed no cytotoxicity at 2 mg/mL. FeCH pretreatment in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes significantly inhibited the accumulation of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E, which was analyzed using the ELISA assay.

Enhancing Radiomics Reproducibility: Deep Learning-Based Harmonization of Abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) Images.

We assessed the feasibility of using deep learning-based image harmonization to improve the reproducibility of radiomics features in abdominal CT scans. In CT imaging, harmonization adjusts images from different institutions to ensure consistency despite variations in scanners and acquisition protocols. This process is essential because such differences can lead to variability in radiomics features, affecting reproducibility and accuracy.

Postoperative Imaging of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors in the Extremity: A Comprehensive Review.

Postoperative imaging of musculoskeletal tumors poses a significant diagnostic challenge for radiologists. The complexity arises from the need to differentiate between expected postoperative changes, potential complications, and local recurrence. The choice of imaging modality depends on the type of primary tumor.