Inverse-designed metasurfaces for wavefront restoration in under-display camera systems.

Under-display camera (UDC) systems enable full-screen displays in smartphones by embedding the camera beneath the display panel, eliminating the need for notches or punch holes. However, the periodic pixel structures of display panels introduce significant optical diffraction effects, leading to imaging artifacts and degraded visual quality. Conventional approaches to mitigate these distortions, such as deep learning-based image reconstruction, are often computationally expensive and unsuitable for real-time applications in consumer electronics.

Left Atrial Appendage Characteristics Assessed with Cardiac Computed Tomography in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Severe Mitral Valve Disease.

Purpose: The morphological and functional characteristics and clinical significance of the left atrial appendage (LAA) are well established in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data on the LAA characteristics in patients with mitral valve (MV) disease are limited. This study aimed to identify the LAA characteristics in AF patients with severe MV disease.

NADPH Oxidase 4 Deficiency Enhances Dendritic Cell-mediated IL-12 Production and Th1 Responses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection triggers oxidative stress, necessitating host mechanisms to maintain redox balance. The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family, which produces reactive oxygen species, plays an integral part in this process. While the protective role of NOX2 in Mtb infection is well-studied, the function of NOX4 remains unclear.

New report of Calopodinae (Coleoptera, Oedemeridae) in South Korea, with description of a new species of the genus Dejean, 1821.

Background: Oedemeridae in Korea are represented by 25 species, all of which belong to the subfamily Oedemerinae Latreille, 1810. The other two subfamilies, Calopodinae Costa, 1852 and Polypriinae Lawrence, 2005, have not yet been documented in the region.

New Information: We here report the first record of the subfamily Calopodinae in Korea with the discovery of sp.

Neuroimaging spectrum of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease with brain involvement: description of various cerebral syndromes.

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a notable cause of acquired central nervous system inflammatory disorders in children.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the neuroimaging spectrum of pediatric MOGAD with brain involvement.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, 55 children diagnosed with MOGAD involving the brain between January 2010 and October 2020 were included.

Tunneling Magnetoresistance in Altermagnetic RuO_{2}-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions.

Altermagnets exhibit characteristics akin to antiferromagnets, with spin-split anisotropic bands in momentum space. RuO_{2} has been considered as a prototype altermagnet; however, recent reports have questioned altermagnetic ground state in this material. In this Letter, we demonstrate spin-dependent tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in RuO_{2}-based magnetic tunnel junctions, which suggests the spin-splitted anisotropic band structure of our RuO_{2} films.

LARGE protein drives activity-induced homeostatic resetting.

In the brain, memory can be coded as relative differences in synaptic strength produced by Hebbian plasticity [e.g., long-term potentiation (LTP)].

Enhanced Bifunctional Electrocatalysis for Zinc-Air Battery Using Porous Conductive Substrate with Abundant Anchoring Sites.

Efficient and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are critical for high-performance zinc-air batteries (ZABs). However, balancing OER and ORR activity in a single catalyst remains challenging due to the different mechanisms during charging and discharging. Here, a scalable strategy is presented for enhancing both reactions by integrating two-dimensional OER- and ORR-active components onto a carbon-based conductive substrate with abundant anchoring sites, via high-shear exfoliation.

Establishment of a homozygous LMNA knock-out human induced pluripotent stem cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 system.

The LMNA gene encodes lamin A/C, essential components of the nuclear envelope that play crucial roles in maintaining nuclear architecture, mechanotransduction, and gene regulation. LMNA mutations are linked to laminopathies, affecting multiple organ systems, including muscle, adipose tissue, and the cardiovascular system. To investigate LMNA-related disorders, we generated a human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line with a homozygous LMNA frameshift mutation (c.

Advanced WBG power semiconductor packaging: nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for high-performance die attach paste.

Wide bandgap (WBG) power semiconductors have attracted significant attention from both academia and industry because they are superior to conventional silicon-based devices. In WBG power semiconductor packages, die attach materials play a crucial role in maximizing device performance and reliability. The die attach interfaces in WBG packages must withstand high operating temperatures (200-300 °C), fast switching frequencies, and great power densities while maintaining excellent thermomechanical reliability.

Enhanced Reliability of Ultra-Scaled Interconnects Using Interlayer-Doped Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Metal Composites.

The continuous scaling of electronic devices, coupled with the recent rise of 3D stacked circuits and packaging technology, presents ongoing challenges for today's metal-based interconnects. This study introduces a metal-interlayer-carbon composite as a high-performance alternative to conventional copper-based interconnects, effectively addressing the prevalent issues of increased electrical resistivity and electromigration in scaled-down technology nodes. Initially, the study explores the use of alternative CMOS-compatible metals such as Ruthenium (Ru) and Palladium (Pd), which exhibit better reliability and less electromigration in miniaturized environments compared to copper (Cu).

MicroRNA-1912 regulates cholesterol homeostasis by targeting PCSK9.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) and promotes degradation of LDLR, regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Previous studies have reported several microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate PCSK9 expression; however, evidence for these effects in animal models remains controversial. This study aimed to explore miRNA candidates for PCSK9 regulation and to validate the most potent miRNA for this regulation .

Accelerated brain magnetic resonance imaging with deep learning reconstruction: a comparative study on image quality in pediatric neuroimaging.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial in pediatric radiology; however, the prolonged scan time is a major drawback that often requires sedation. Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) is a promising method for accelerating MRI acquisition.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical feasibility of accelerated brain MRI with DLR in pediatric neuroimaging, focusing on image quality compared to conventional MRI.

Heterointerface-Driven Electronic Modulation in MoO@N/Mo‒ReS Hybrid for Efficient Alkaline HER, OER, and Overall Water Splitting.

Alkaline water electrolysis is an efficient technical pathway for producing high-purity green hydrogen (H). However, rational design and fabrication of efficient electrocatalysts are essential for energy conversion. Herein, MoO nanoclusters on N/Mo dual-doped ReS nanosheets (MoO@N/Mo-ReS) develops through a hydrothermal and CVD-nitridation process.

High-Dose Tranexamic Acid Enhances Circulating Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Thrombus in Thrombosis Mouse Model.

: Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces mortality in patients with massive hemorrhage by inhibiting fibrinolysis. However, it is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. The activation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been implicated in the formation of thrombosis.

Water Extract of L. Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Through Its Antioxidant Property.

Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline-based anticancer drug, is commonly used to treat various cancers, but its prolonged use may lead to cardiotoxicity. Despite extensive research efforts, effective strategies for managing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT) remain limited. This study investigated the DICT-inhibitory efficacy of the water extract of L.

The impact of perceval sutureless aortic valve in multiple valve surgery: implications of short- and mid-term outcomes-a propensity score matched study.

Background: Sutureless aortic valve replacement (S-AVR) is a surgical alternative to conventional aortic valve replacement (C-AVR), recognized for its efficacy and clinical superiority in the treatment of valvular disease. Its use is gradually increasing not only in single-valve procedures but also in multiple valve surgeries. This study aimed to evaluate our experience with the Perceval S-AVR combined with mitral and tricuspid valve surgery such as multiple valve surgery, focusing on the clinical outcomes and operative time.

The Role of Acoustic Parameters in Droplet Vaporization of Perfluoropentane Nanodroplets for Applications.

Nanodroplets have emerged as promising contrast agents due to their ability to undergo acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), enabling size expansion for diverse biological applications such as selective contrast enhancement and localized drug delivery. While ADV has been widely utilized, the influence of acoustic parameters on its dynamics remains poorly understood, despite their potential to modulate ADV efficiency and uniformity, particularly with focused ultrasound (FUS). In this study, we developed a well-defined synthetic and characterization protocol for anionic perfluoropentane (PFP) nanodroplets and systematically investigated the effects of the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and cycle number on ADV using acoustic signal detection and B-mode ultrasound imaging.

Association between occupational and environmental dust exposure and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Occupational and environmental dust exposure is often overlooked, presenting significant public health concerns. Recent studies suggest it may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases. However, previous research has primarily focused on specific diseases or dust types, leaving the broader relationship unclear.

Adjunctive beneficial effect of c-di-GMP, a STING agonist, in enhancing protective efficacy of TLR4-adjuvanted tuberculosis subunit vaccine formulations.

Background: Effective subunit vaccine development requires selecting appropriate adjuvant formulations to trigger desired adaptive immune responses. This study explores the immunogenicity and tuberculosis (TB) vaccine potential of antigens (Ags) combined with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) adjuvants and a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist.

Methods: In this work, we investigated the combination of Ags with TLR4 adjuvants (monophosphoryl lipid A / dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide; MPL/DDA or glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion; GLA-SE) and a STING agonist, c-di-GMP (CDG).

Proactive Drug Monitoring Versus Clinically Based Dosing for Endoscopic Healing in Pediatric Crohn's Disease Receiving Infliximab.

Background & Aims: Proactive dosing based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of adalimumab is associated with higher rates of sustained corticosteroid-free clinical remission (SCFCR) in children with Crohn's disease (CD) than that with reactive TDM. We aimed to investigate whether proactive dosing of infliximab (IFX) based on TDM is associated with higher rates of endoscopic healing (EH) in pediatric patients with CD than that with clinically based dosing.

Methods: We conducted a non-blinded, randomized controlled trial of 112 biologic-naïve children with CD who had responded to IFX induction treatment at 4 centers in South Korea between July 2017 and November 2020.

Well-defined assembly of plasmonic metal nanoparticles by dielectrophoresis for highly sensitive SERS-active substrates.

In this study, dielectrophoresis (DEP) was performed to develop highly sensitive surface- enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrates for molecular sensing. Substrates with a circular hole pattern were used, and plasmonic particles were trapped and immobilized along the edges of the pattern using dielectrophoretic forces. The arranged particles created hotspots, resulting in an enhanced SERS signal that was detectable even at concentrations as low as 10 M.

Overwork and changes in brain structure: a pilot study.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of overwork on brain structure to better understand its impact on workers' cognitive and emotional health. The goal was to provide evidence for the potential neurological risks associated with prolonged working hours.

Methods: A total of 110 healthcare workers were classified into overworked (≥52 hours/week; n=32) and non-overworked groups (n=78).

Effect of drinking, smoking, and smartphone overdependence on drug addiction among Korean adolescents.

Introduction: Adolescent brain development increases vulnerability to drug addiction due to diminished impulse control and the presence of mental health disorders. Alcohol consumption, smoking, and smartphone overdependence have been individually associated with higher drug use, but their combined impact on adolescent drug addiction remains underexplored. This study examines the interaction effects of alcohol consumption, smoking, and smartphone overdependence on drug addiction risk among adolescents.

Retrospective Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a New Tanner-Whitehouse-Based Bone Age Assessment Algorithm Trained with a Deep Neural Network System.

: To develop an automated deep learning-based bone age prediction model using the Tanner-Whitehouse (TW3) method and evaluate its feasibility by comparing its performance with that of pediatric radiologists. : The hand and wrist radiographs of 560 Korean children and adolescents (280 female, 280 male, mean age 9.43 ± 2.