Unlocking therapeutic potential in traumatic brain injury: exploring microenvironmental targets, signaling pathways and translational hurdles.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a catastrophic event resulting from external mechanical forces, leading to a variety of neurological impairments. The complexity and heterogeneity of injuries are among the major speculated reasons for various unmet clinical needs in the effective management of TBI. Brain damage due to TBI results in both primary and secondary injury mechanisms.

Loss of sialic acid side-chain -acetylation exacerbates colitis.

Sialic acids (Sias) are a diverse family of nine-carbon backbone monosaccharides occupying terminal positions on cell surface and secreted glycans and are abundant at mucosal surfaces. Sias can be modified with -acetyl esters on the side chain (C7 to C9) hydroxyls. Structural analysis and functional studies of these modifications are challenging due to chemical lability and variable resistance to sialidases.

Nano-biohybrids with cell-penetrating peptides: A molecular trojans for glioblastoma precision medicine.

Glioblastoma (GBM), being a formidable disease, has emerged as a ticking time bomb owing to the unavailability of effective treatment modalities, poor prognosis, and limited life expectancy. For effective GBM treatment, intracellular delivery of therapeutics is a dire necessity, which is hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB). Nanocarriers (NCs) have emerged as novel biomedical tools for delivering therapeutics for the last so many years.

Ever-Increasing Role of Computational Tools in Solid-State Pharmaceutics: Advancing Drug Development with Enhanced Molecular Understanding and Risk Assessment.

The field of solid-state pharmaceutics comprises a broad range of investigations into various structural aspects of pharmaceutical solids, establishing a rational structure-property correlation. These solid systems allow the tunability of the physicochemical properties, such as solubility and dissolution, which in turn influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Hence, the study of physical characteristics of an API, e.

Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor on Quality of Life of Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux.

Introduction: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a common disease in the outpatient department of otolaryngology and is characterised by backflow of stomach contents into the pharynx and larynx resulting in significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients. The aim of study was to assess the effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) on quality of life in patients with LPR.

Method: 110 patients diagnosed with LPR were enrolled in study and prescribed omeprazole (20 mg) twice daily for 12 weeks.

Unraveling the policies, legislations, and regulations of psychedelics in Australia, Canada, Netherlands, New Zealand, and India.

Background: Research into psychedelics has gained renewed interest due to their potential to address psychiatric, neurological, and other peripheral conditions. These substances offer long-term therapeutic benefits, contrasting with the side effects and limitations of current psychiatric medicines.

Objective: This study examines the legislations and regulatory frameworks for psychedelics in Australia, Canada, The Netherlands, New Zealand, and India, highlighting their varied approaches to legalization, medical use, and integration into healthcare systems.

Unlocking Generic Market Access: A Retrospective Analysis of USFDA Paragraph IV Filings (2020-2024).

Purpose: This article aims to explore the implications of Paragraph IV certification on generic drug market entry while innovators' patents are still active. It also examines the challenges posed by patent settlements, the BLOCKING Act, and the FDA's decision-making process regarding generic applications. The objective is to shed light on the complexities of pharmaceutical market dynamics, regulatory practices, and the balance between innovation and accessibility.

In-silico analysis of CEP55/E2F1/hsa-let-7b-5p/TMPO-AS1 axis-based ceRNA network promoting poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma smokers.

Introduction: Smoking causes severe lung adenocarcinoma. High CEP55 expression correlates with clinico-pathological features, suggesting the mRNA/miRNA/lncRNA-ceRNA network's crucial to prognosis.

Methods: The study used databases like TIMER 2.

Quality-by-Design-Assisted Laboratory Scale-Up of Lipid Nanoparticles of Stearic Acid-Raloxifene Hydrochloride Conjugate: A Pathway for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability via Lymphatic Uptake.

Despite exhibiting promising efficacy in managing postmenopausal osteoporosis, hormonal therapy, and breast cancer prevention, the usage of raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) is limited in clinical settings due to its low aqueous solubility (345.2 ± 15.6 μg/mL) and 2% oral bioavailability.

Spectral Tuning of Perovskite Laser via Microheaters.

Perovskites have recently brought significant advances to active nanophotonics, offering a unique combination of gain and phase-change properties for tunable light-emitting devices. However, current wavelength-tunable devices often rely on tuning mechanisms or device architectures that lead to slow modulation or bulky setups. Here, we demonstrate a compact tunable microlaser with electrical microheaters integrated beneath a perovskite metasurface, enabling efficient heating and rapid phase transitions.

Navigating the brain: Harnessing endogenous cellular hitchhiking for targeting neoplastic and neuroinflammatory diseases.

Cellular hitchhiking is an emerging therapeutic strategy that uses an endogenous cell migration mechanism to deliver therapeutics to specific sites in the body. Owing to the low permeability and presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the targeted delivery of therapeutics is limited, leading to inadequate localization in the brain. NCs fail to extravasate significantly into the tumor microenvironment (TME), demonstrating poor accumulation and tumor penetration.

Navigating the Trends in USFDA Authorized Generic Approvals (2019-2024): Enhancing Healthcare Accessibility and Affordability.

Objective: This study examines trends in USFDA's authorized generic (AG) approvals from January 2019 to August 2024, focusing on approval patterns, leading therapeutic areas, dominant dosage forms, and key companies. The research aims to highlight market dynamics and the role of AGs in enhancing healthcare accessibility and affordability with case studies.

Methods: Data was collected from the FDA's list of authorized generic drugs and analyzed to identify trends in annual approvals, therapeutic areas, and dosage forms.

Combating breast cancer-associated metastasis using paclitaxel and tranilast-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles.

Objective: The objective of the current study is to combat breast cancer-associated metastasis using paclitaxel (PTX) and tranilast (TRA)-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles.

Significance: This combinatorial therapy uses microtubule stabilizing agent PTX, along with TGFβ inhibitor TRA. TRA may offer an improved therapeutic effect in breast cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and metastasis.

Genetic renaissance: a cross-regional analysis of the approval landscape of authorised gene therapeutics in paediatrics, challenges and future prospects.

Gene therapies are proven to be a milestone in the treatment of genetic disorders, especially in children who bear a disproportionately high burden of rare and hereditary diseases. Clinical evaluation of gene therapy (GT) in paediatrics is a significant challenge for every regulatory body. This study examined the available data on GT products that have been authorised for use by children in Japan, Europe, and the United States.

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) in oncology: a review of patents and regulatory considerations.

Introduction: Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) represents a groundbreaking advancement in drug discovery and targeted protein degradation. Unlike traditional small-molecule inhibitors, PROTACs leverage the cell's natural protein degradation machinery to selectively degrade pathogenic proteins, offering significant therapeutic potential for previously undruggable targets and complex diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the regulatory landscape governing their approval is crucial as their development accelerates.

Amelioration of Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis in the Mice model by Topical Delivery of Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Roflumilast Incorporated Nanoemulgel.

Several clinical trials on repurposing of roflumilast are in progress, majorly focused on the potential treatment for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis like inflammatory skin diseases. Therefore, the current research focuses on formulation and evaluation of repurposed drug roflumilast loaded nanoemulgel for topical management of psoriasis. The roflumilast loaded nanoemulsion was prepared by spontaneous nanoemulsification method.

A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis of Trends and Strategic Implications of 505(b)(2) Approvals (2019-2023).

Background: The 505(b)(2) pathway, established by the USFDA, enables faster approval of new drug applications (NDAs) by allowing partial reliance on existing clinical data. This regulatory mechanism fosters innovation by encouraging new formulations, combinations, and delivery systems, accelerating the availability of advanced therapeutics.

Objective: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of 505(b)(2) NDA approvals from 2019 to 2023, with an emphasis on trends, major players, therapeutic targets, and dosage form diversity.

Next-Generation Transformable Nanomedicines: Revolutionizing Cancer Drug Delivery and Theranostics.

Nanomedicine has significantly advanced the treatment of various cancer phenotypes, addressing numerous challenges associated with conventional therapies. Researchers have extensively investigated the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers, such as charge, morphology, and surface chemistry, to optimize drug delivery systems. In the context of transformable nanomedicine, these properties are particularly critical for overcoming existing limitations, including suboptimal blood circulation times, sequestration by the reticuloendothelial system and mononuclear phagocyte system, and inefficient targeting of the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Nano-chameleons: A review on cluster of differentiation-driven immune cell-engineered nanoarchitectonics for non-small cell lung cancer.

Cancer, being one of the most outrageous diseases, contributed to 48 % of the mortality in 2022, with lung cancer leading the race with a 12.4 % incidence rate. Conventional treatment modalities like radio-, chemo-, photo-, and immunotherapy employing nanocarriers often face several setbacks, such as non-specific delivery, off-site toxicity, rapid opsonization via the host immune system, and greater tumor recurrence rates.

Harnessing Folate Receptors: A Comprehensive Review on the Applications of Folate-Adorned Nanocarriers for the Management of Melanoma.

The advancement in exclusively tailored therapeutic delivery systems has escalated a great deal of interest in targeted delivery to augment therapeutic efficacy and to lessen adverse effects. The targeted delivery approach promisingly helps to surmount the unmet clinical needs of conventional therapies, including chemoresistance, limited penetration, and side effects. In the case of melanoma, various receptors were overexpressed on the tumor site, among which folate receptor (FR) targeting is considered to be a progressive approach for managing melanoma.

Exploring the clinical trials, regulatory insights, and challenges of PROTACs in oncology.

While various targeted therapies exist for cancer, resistance mechanisms remain a significant challenge. Recent advancements in cancer treatment have led to the emergence of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), a promising technology utilizing hetero-bifunctional molecules to target and degrade proteins implicated in cancer progression through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). PROTACs offer a novel approach, with recent studies and clinical trials demonstrating promising outcomes in degrading endogenous proteins linked to cancer.

Unveiling the revolutionary approach for psoriasis management: Leveraging the breakthrough capabilities of hyaluronic acid.

Psoriasis is an unexceptional autoimmune-mediated, inflammatory skin disorder impacting systemic skin functions. The pathophysiology of psoriasis comprises hyperproliferation of cells on the epidermis, differentiation of keratinocytes, and the impaired barrier function of the epidermal layer of the skin, developing in the thickening of the epidermal layer. From a range of inflammatory mediators concerned during the pathogenesis of psoriasis, IL-17, -23, and TNF-α exert a significant influence on the upregulation of the symptoms.

Unveiling Gaps and Demographic Influences in Alzheimer's Therapy: A Data-Centric Study of FDA-Approved Late-Phase Clinical Trials.

Background: Alzheimer's disease is more prevalent in women than in men. In this study, the author examined the U.S.

Harnessing marine antimicrobial peptides for novel therapeutics: A deep dive into ocean-derived bioactives.

Marine antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potent bioactive compounds with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, offering a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics. These small, cationic, and amphiphilic peptides (3-50 amino acids) are key components of marine organisms' immune defenses, adapted to harsh oceanic environments. Discovered in the 1980s, marine AMPs have garnered interest for their unique structures and potential applications in human health.

Virtual perspectives of sanguinarine on cancer prevention and treatment through molecular dynamic study.

Cancer prevention involves resisting cancer development at initial stages, retarding angiogenesis and initiating cancer cell apoptosis. Through the use of virtual screening, binding free energy calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations, we were able to identify compounds with potential anticancer activity."During the virtual screening process, compounds with promising drug-like properties were chosen using the Lipinski rule of five, and their binding affinities were evaluated by docking studies.