Unlocking therapeutic potential in traumatic brain injury: exploring microenvironmental targets, signaling pathways and translational hurdles.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a catastrophic event resulting from external mechanical forces, leading to a variety of neurological impairments. The complexity and heterogeneity of injuries are among the major speculated reasons for various unmet clinical needs in the effective management of TBI. Brain damage due to TBI results in both primary and secondary injury mechanisms.

Etodolac utility in osteoarthritis: drug delivery challenges, topical nanotherapeutic strategies and potential synergies.

Osteoarthritis (OSA) is a prevalent joint disorder characterized by losing articular cartilage, primarily affecting the hip, knee and spine joints. The impact of OSA offers a major challenge to health systems globally. Therapeutic approaches encompass surgical interventions, non-pharmacological therapies (exercise, rehabilitation, behavioral interventions) and pharmacological treatments.

Colloidal therapeutics in the management of traumatic brain injury: Portray of biomarkers and drug-targets, preclinical and clinical pieces of evidence and future prospects.

Complexity associated with the aberrant physiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes its therapeutic targeting vulnerable. The underlying mechanisms of pathophysiology of TBI are yet to be completely illustrated. Primary injury in TBI is associated with contusions and axonal shearing whereas excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, free radicals generation, and neuroinflammation are considered under secondary injury.