Serum LCAT as a Gender-Neutral Biomarker for Early Osteoporosis: A Multicenter Cohort Validation Study.

Purpose: This study aims to identify a novel biomarker for the early detection and prevention of osteoporosis.

Methods: A cross-sectional study (n=138, from 497 screened) was conducted at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (Sep 2023-Jun 2024). A second multicenter validation cohort (n=165) was collected (Jun 2024-Jan2025) from three hospitals, including 90 controls, 35 osteopenia, and 40 OP cases.

Tissue Repair Mechanisms of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Review from Cutaneous Regeneration to Mucosal Healing.

Repairing and regenerating tissue barriers is a key challenge in regenerative medicine. Stem cells play a crucial role in restoring the structural and functional integrity of key epithelial barrier surfaces, including the skin and mucosa. This review analyzes the role of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and their derivatives, including extracellular vesicles, conditioned medium, and intracellular factors, in accelerating skin wound healing.

Graphdiyne Production in a Flash: High-Yield Direct Synthesis by Electron Beam Irradiation.

Graphdiyne (GDY), an emerging 2D carbon allotrope, holds immense potential for diverse applications but is severely constrained by relatively complex and time-intensive synthesis methods. Here, a novel electron beam irradiation strategy is reported that enables the ultrafast and scalable synthesis of GDY directly from its protected monomer, hexakis[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene (HEB-TMS), under ambient conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of the direct use of electron beam irradiation in carbon materials synthesis, achieving the shortest synthesis time for GDY from HEB-TMS reported to date.

A Multimodal Ultrasound-Driven Approach for Automated Tumor Assessment with B-Mode and Multi-Frequency Harmonic Motion Images.

Objective: Harmonic Motion Imaging (HMI) is an ultrasound elasticity imaging method that measures the mechanical properties of tissue using amplitude-modulated acoustic radiation force (AM-ARF). Multi-frequency HMI (MF-HMI) excites tissue at various AM frequencies simultaneously, allowing for image optimization without prior knowledge of inclusion size and stiffness. However, challenges remain in size estimation as inconsistent boundary effects result in different perceived sizes across AM frequencies.

Tailored Extracellular Vesicles from Dental Stem Cells: Advances in Specific Modifications for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications.

Extracellular vesicles(EVs) derived from dental stem cells have emerged as a key focus in regenerative medicine, owing to their remarkable ability to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Recent advancements revealed that targeted modifications can significantly boost their functional properties, creating new possibilities for the regeneration field. This article provides an overview of the most recent progress in EVs derived from dental stem cells research, with a particular emphasis on diverse engineering strategies such as genetic, chemical, and physical techniques, and their role in enhancing therapeutic performance.

Multi-omics machine learning classifier and blood transcriptomic signature of Parkinson's disease.

Early diagnosis and biomarker discovery to bolster the therapeutic pipeline for Parkinson's disease (PD) are urgently needed. In this study, we leverage the large-scale, whole-blood total RNA and DNA sequencing data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership in Parkinson's Disease (AMP PD) program to identify PD-associated RNAs, including both known genes and novel circular RNAs (circRNA) and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). Initially, 874 known genes, 783 eRNAs, and 35 circRNAs were found differentially expressed in PD blood in the PPMI cohort (FDR < 0.

Pathogenesis and therapeutic applications of microglia receptors in Alzheimer's disease.

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, continuously monitor the brain's microenvironment through their array of specific receptors. Once brain function is altered, microglia are recruited to specific sites to perform their immune functions, including phagocytosis of misfolded proteins, cellular debris, and apoptotic cells to maintain homeostasis. When toxic substances are overproduced, microglia are over-activated to produce large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which induce chronic inflammatory responses and lead to neurotoxicity.

Apoptotic mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted apoptotic extracellular vesicles: therapeutic applications and mechanisms.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), an accessible and less ethically controversial class of adult stem cells, have demonstrated significant efficacy in treating a wide range of diseases in both the preclinical and clinical phases. However, we do not yet have a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which MSCs exert their therapeutic effects in vivo. We found that the transplanted MSCs go an apoptotic fate within 24 h in vivo irrespective of the route of administration.

Creation of nomograms that combine clinical, CT, and radiographic features to separate benign from malignant diseases using spiculation or (and) lobulation signs.

Background: Distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules based on CT imaging features such as the spiculation sign and/or lobulation sign remains challenging and these nodules are often misinterpreted as malignant tumors. this retrospective study aimed to develop a prediction model to estimate the likelihood of benign and malignant lung nodules exhibiting spiculation and/or lobulation signs.

Methods: A total of 500 patients with pulmonary nodules from June 2022 to August 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility for 62 isolates of from children.

Background: Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by (BP). Despite global control of pertussis cases through the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), there has been a significant increase in the incidence of pertussis in recent years, characterized by a "resurgence" in developed countries with high immunization rates as well as a comparable reemergence in certain areas of China. We aim to explore the genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of circulating BP from children in Hebei.

Two new saponins from the rhizomes of Franch.

The phytochemical investigation on the rhizomes of Franch. resulted in the discovery and characterisation of six compounds, including two new saponins named parisyunnanosides M-N (-), and four known ones (-). The structures of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic data analysis and chemical methods.

Research progress on optimization of isolation, cultivation and preservation methods of dental pulp stem cells for clinical application.

Due to high proliferative capacity, multipotent differentiation, immunomodulatory abilities, and lack of ethical concerns, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising candidates for clinical application. Currently, clinical research on DPSCs is in its early stages. The reason for the failure to obtain clinically effective results may be problems with the production process of DPSCs.

Enhancing the Luminescence of LaMgNbO:Mn Phosphor through HBO and Charge Compensator Co-Doping for Use in Plant Growth Lamps.

Mn-doped red-light-emitting phosphors have become a research hotspot that can effectively enhance photosynthesis and promote morphogenesis in plants. Herein, the red phosphor LaMgNbO:Mn was synthesized through the solid-state reaction method. The effects of adding HBO and a charge compensator R (R = Li, Na, K) on the crystal structure, morphology, quantum efficiency, and luminous performance of the LaMgNbO:Mn phosphor were systematically analyzed, respectively.

UDP-glucose dehydrogenase supports autophagy-deficient PDAC growth via increasing hyaluronic acid biosynthesis.

Autophagy is an essential degradation and recycling process that maintains cellular homeostasis during stress or nutrient deprivation. However, certain types of tumors such as pancreatic cancers can circumvent autophagy inhibition to sustain growth. The mechanism that autophagy-deficient pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) uses to grow under nutrient deprivation is poorly understood.

Potential of dental pulp stem cells and their products in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration and their future applications.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) seriously affects people's quality of life. Stem cell therapy is considered a promising new option for the clinical treatment of PNI. Dental stem cells, particularly dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), are adult pluripotent stem cells derived from the neuroectoderm.

Disparities among Black and Hispanic colorectal cancer patients: Findings from the California Cancer Registry.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in California and second among Hispanic/Latinx (H/L) males. Data from the California Cancer Registry were utilized to investigate the differential impact on CRC outcomes from demographic and clinical characteristics among non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), U.S.

Establishment of a risk classifier to predict the in-hospital death risk of nosocomial fungal infections in cancer patients.

Background: Patients with malignancy are at a higher risk of developing nosocomial infections. However, limited studies investigated the clinical features and prognostic factors of nosocomial infections due to fungi in cancer patients. Herein, this study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of in-hospital fungal infections and develop a nomogram to predict the risk of in-hospital death during fungal infection of hospitalized cancer patients.

Construction and Evaluation of Clinical Prediction Model for Immunotherapy-related Adverse Events and Clinical Benefit in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Based on Serum Cytokine Levels.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of cancer therapy. This study aimed to develop novel risk classifiers to predict the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and the probability of clinical benefits. Patients with cancer who received ICIs from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University from November 2020 to October 2022 were recruited and followed up.

Maximizing TLR9 Activation in Cancer Immunotherapy with Dual-Adjuvanted Spherical Nucleic Acids.

Nucleic-acid-based immune adjuvants have been extensively investigated for the design of cancer vaccines. However, nucleic acids often require the assistance of a carrier system to improve cellular uptake. Yet, such systems are prone to carrier-associated adaptive immunity, leading to difficulties in a multidose treatment regimen.

Gene cloning and transcriptional regulation of the alkaline and acid phosphatase genes in Scylla paramamosain.

In crustaceans, innate immunity serves as the frontline of defense against microbes. Alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) and acid phosphatases (ACPs) are essential enzymes that play a significant role in crustaceans' immune defenses. However, the function and transcriptional regulation of the alp and acp genes in the Scylla paramamosain, an important aquaculture species in China, have not been elucidated.

Synthesis and Characterization of the CaTiO:Eu Red Phosphor by an Optimized Microwave-Assisted Sintering Process.

The synthesis process has a significant influence on the properties of CaTiO:Eu phosphors; thus, an optimized process will lead to a better performance of the CaTiO:Eu phosphors. In this work, the feasibility of synthesizing the CaTiO:Eu phosphor with a good luminescent performance by combining the chemical co-precipitation method and microwave-assisted sintering was studied. The precursor of CaTiO:Eu phosphors were prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method.