Ultrasound treatment improves the quality and nutritional stability of tender coconut water during storage: Mechanistic insights into enzymatic inhibition.

This study investigated the effects of ultrasound (US) treatment on tender coconut water (TCW), focusing on its quality, nutritional properties, antioxidant capacity, and enzymatic activity during storage. The inhibitory mechanisms of US on enzymatic reactions were further explored through structural characterization and molecular docking analysis. The results showed that US-treated TCW exhibited improved physicochemical stability, higher polyphenol content, and enhanced antioxidant activity during storage at 25 °C for 15 days.

Ganoderma lucidum spore oil alleviates psychological stress-evoked tumor progression by enhancing FcγR-mediated macrophage phagocytosis.

Background: Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), has been documented as a medicinal herb in classical texts and officially recognized in both Eastern and Western pharmacopeias. G.

Psychological stress-activated NR3C1/NUPR1 axis promotes ovarian tumor metastasis.

Ovarian tumor (OT) is the most lethal form of gynecologic malignancy, with minimal improvements in patient outcomes over the past several decades. Metastasis is the leading cause of ovarian cancer-related deaths, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Psychological stress is known to activate the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), a factor associated with poor prognosis in OT patients.

Chirality Determination and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Phthalide Monomers in .

, commonly known as Dang-gui, is a renowned medicinal and edible plant. Phthalide monomers are the key bioactive components in , yet their optical purities and absolute configurations remain unclear. In this study, three new phthalide monomers (-) and 10 known ones (-) were isolated from ; their chiral resolutions, absolute configurations, and anti-inflammatory activities were systematically elucidated.

Protective Effects of Zein/Ferulic Acid (FA)-Pectin (PEC)/Chitosan (CS) Nanocomplexes on DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice.

Ferulic acid (FA) exhibits beneficial properties in ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis, while sensitivity to the environment and enzymes limits its use in UC therapy. Therefore, this study aims to develop a colon-targeted nanocomplex delivery system using FA and investigate its protective effects and underlying regulatory mechanisms in UC mice. A novel Zein/FA-pectin (PEC)/chitosan (CS) nanocomplex was successfully fabricated in this study.

UFMylation maintains tumor suppressor pVHL stability by activating the deubiquitinase BAP1.

() can function as a tumor suppressor or oncogene depending on context, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that BAP1 suppresses CRC progression primarily by deubiquitinating and stabilizing von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL). BAP1 undergoes covalent modification by ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) at Lys, Lys, Lys, and Lys, enhancing its interaction with pVHL and promoting pVHL stabilization.

Chaihu Shugan San formula alleviates psychological stress-induced ovarian cancer susceptibility by inhibiting ubiquitin degradation of TLR2 in macrophages.

Background: Psychological stress is increasingly recognized for its potential to expedite tumor growth and enhance cancer susceptibility, yet the specific mechanisms at play remain largely unclear. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulation, Chaihu Shugan San formula (CHSGS), known for its efficacy in alleviating liver Qi stagnation syndrome, has exhibited therapeutic benefits in cancer management. Macrophages are key immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and their phagocytic and clearance functions for tumor cells play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of tumors.

"Weibing" in traditional Chinese medicine-biological basis and mathematical representation of disease-susceptible state.

"Weibing" is a fundamental concept in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), representing a transitional state characterized by diminished self-regulatory abilities without overt physiological or social dysfunction. This perspective delves into the biological foundations and quantifiable markers of Weibing, aiming to establish a research framework for early disease intervention. Here, we propose the "Health Quadrant Classification" system, which divides the state of human body into health, sub-health, disease-susceptible state, and disease.

Structural elucidation of polysaccharide from fresh Areca catechu L. and its mitigation effect on DSS-induced colitis in mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and has emerged as a public health challenge worldwide. The present study aimed to isolate polysaccharide from fresh Areca catechu L. (FAP1a) and to investigate its potential mechanism for ameliorating UC symptoms in a mouse model of UC.

Dynamic comparative analysis of moisture and flavour characteristics in green peppers (Piper nigrum L.) during thermal and non-thermal drying processes.

Dynamic changes in moisture and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of green pepper (GP) during hot-air drying (HAD), far-infrared drying (FIRD), and freeze drying (FD) were investigated. Results showed HAD increased terpenoids peak area by 44.72 %, the drying time of FIRD was only 5 h, and the FD piperine retention was 135 %.

Recombinant human fibronectin segment (rhFN) hydrogel carried hPDLSCs to repair diabetic trauma by activated NF-κB signaling pathway.

The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation and delayed wound healing in individuals with diabetes. In this context, fibronectin has been identified as a crucial protein that promotes the differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) into myofibroblasts, which play a vital role in the repair of diabetic skin ulcers. This process is intimately associated with the integrin β1 receptor and the NF-κB signaling pathway, both crucial for cellular responses to fibronectin.

Combined bactericidal effect of linalool and pulsed light on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its application to black tiger prawns.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a foodborne pathogen from the sea that has a significant negative impact on the dietary safety and quality of aquatic products. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of the combined sterilization of V.

Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase is required for kernel development and defines a predominant serine synthesis pathway in maize.

Serine functions as both a substrate for protein biosynthesis and a signaling molecule for growth and development. However, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we cloned and functionally characterized the maize (Zea mays) gene Dek20, which encodes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase1 (PGDH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB).

Screening novel anti-inflammatory peptides inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome from UHPLC-MS/MS-characterized peptide profiles of cocoa tea protein hydrolysates.

Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) is a popular beverage enjoyed worldwide, yet its protein-rich residues are often underutilized during processing. In this study, proteins from cocoa tea were extracted and hydrolyzed with alkaline protease to produce cocoa tea protein hydrolysates (CTPH). The results showed that CTPH exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activity.

GPX4-dependent ferroptosis sensitivity is a fitness trade-off for cell enlargement.

Despite wide variation, each cell type has an optimal size. Maintaining optimal size is essential for cellular fitness and function but the biological basis for this remains elusive. Here, we performed fitness analysis involving genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout data from tens of human cell lines and identified that cell size influences the essentiality of genes related to mitochondria and membrane repair.

. Polyphenol Extract Alleviates NAFLD via Regulating Gut Microbiota and AMPK/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

With the drastic changes in lifestyle, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a widespread health problem. Natural actives such as polyphenols have multi-target, multi-mechanism characteristics, and offer new opportunities for NAFLD treatment. This study established a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD model in mice to investigate the molecular mechanism of polyphenol extract (PAE) in alleviating NAFLD.

Deciphering the effective components of a TCM formula for atherosclerosis by three-dimensional pattern recognition of exogenous components correlated with endogenous metabolites.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The deciphering of effective components is crucial for understanding the role they play and how they function in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae. However, this remains a significant challenge for these complex systems with multiple components, targets, and pathways, despite their therapeutic benefits.

Aim Of The Study: Three-dimensional pattern recognition of exogenous components correlated with endogenous metabolites was proposed to discover the effective components of Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction (GXB), a famous classical TCM formula for effective improvement of atherosclerosis (AS).

Impact of ultrasound on the quality of tender coconut water during storage revealed by LC-MS-based metabolomics, HS-SPME-GC-MS and E-tongue.

Tender coconut water (TCW) refers to the liquid endosperm of coconut developed in 6-9 months, which is prone to deterioration during postharvest storage. This study explored the impact of ultrasound (20 kHz, 2400 w and 20 min) on the quality of TCW during postharvest storage. Results showed that ultrasound was effective in preserving the quality of TCW.

Cerebral endothelial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase improves ischemia-induced cognitive impairment interacting with protein phosphatase 2A.

The catalytic activity of 3-mercaptopyruvate (3MP) sulfurtransferase (MPST) converts 3MP to hydrogen sulfide (HS). However, the regulatory mechanisms governing MPST and its impact on the brain remain largely unexplored. Our study reveals the neuroprotective role of endothelial MPST-generated HS, regulated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A).

Lipid peroxidation inhibition by icaritin and its glycosides as a strategy to combat iron overload-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish.

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the anti-osteoporotic effects of flavonoids derived from Epimedium, including icaritin and its six glycosides-icariside I, icariside II, icariin, epimedin A, epimedin B, and epimedin C-using a zebrafish model of iron overload-induced osteoporosis. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in zebrafish subjected to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC)-induced osteoporosis, along with impaired expression and activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Treatment with ferrostatin-1, a lipid peroxide scavenger, partially alleviated the osteoporotic effects induced by FAC, implying that lipid peroxidation may play a key role in iron overload-related osteoporosis.

Lycium barbarum extract improves brain and visual functions in mice models of Alzheimer's disease through activating WNT pathway.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, characterized by visual deficits and cognitive impairment. However, current therapies have limited efficacy.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether Lycium barbarum extract (LBE) can mitigate the decline in brain and visual function in mouse models of AD during the middle and late stages.

SIRT5: a potential target for discovering bioactive natural products.

Silent information regulator 5 (SIRT5) is the fifth member of the sirtuin family, which is mainly expressed in mitochondrial matrix. SIRT5 plays a key role in metabolism and antioxidant responses, and is an important regulator for maintaining intracellular homeostasis. Given its involvement in multiple cellular processes, dysregulation of SIRT5 activity is associated with a variety of diseases.