Solvent-Regulated Cyclization of Arylidene Isoxazolones with Amidines for Regiodivergent Synthesis of 4- and 5-Acylimidazoles.

-Iodosuccinimide-promoted cascade reactions of arylidene isoxazolones with amidines in -xylene were accomplished, affording 5-acylimidazoles in good to excellent yields. Interestingly, when the reactions were performed by employing acetonitrile as the solvent, 4-acylimidazoles were efficiently obtained. Mechanistic studies indicate that the formation of imidazolyl and acyl moieties may undergo a spiroannulation-ring opening aromatization-hydrolysis cascade reaction sequence.

Comprehensive compositional analysis of liquid organic product prepared by industrialized hydrothermal cracking of biomass waste and its potential application as fertilizer.

Hydrothermal cracking involves the conversion of organic waste into efficient fertilizer through hydrolysis at temperatures ranging from 180 to 220 °C and pressures of 1.5 to 2.45 MPa, which offers significant advantages in shortening the production cycle, enhancing efficiency, and decomposing antibiotics.

NIS-Promoted Chemodivergent and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolinyl and Cyclopentenyl Spiropyrazolones via Regulated Cyclization of Alkylidene Pyrazolones with Enamino Esters.

An -iodosuccinimide-promoted annulation of alkylidene pyrazolones with enamino esters has been explored to construct a spiropyrazolone moiety through a Michael addition/iodination/intramolecular nucleophilic substitution sequence. When the reaction was performed in acetonitrile at 100 °C, it furnished pyrrolinyl spiropyrazolones exclusively in an configuration through N-attacking cyclization. When the reaction was performed in dimethyl sulfoxide at 80 °C in the presence of KHPO, it afforded cyclopentenyl spiropyrazolones exclusively in the configuration through C-attacking cyclization.

Switchable Synthesis of Spirodihydroindolizines and Indolizines from Aurones and Pyridin-2-yl Active Methylene Compounds.

A novel and flexible domino reaction of aurones with pyridin-2-yl active methylene compounds promoted by I/BF has been developed to afford spirodihydroindolizines and indolizines in a controllable manner. When the reaction was performed in 1,2-dichloroethane at 80 °C, a variety of spirodihydroindolizines were obtained, whereas it almost exclusively provided a series of indolizines when the reaction was performed in a mixed solvent of 1,2-dichloroethane and ,-dimethylformamide at a relatively higher temperature of 100 °C. Being metal-free, excellent product selectivity, high atom economy, good functional group tolerance, and feasibility for large-scale synthesis are the salient features of the developed methodology.

Aerobic CuBr-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Amidines with Exocyclic α,β-Unsaturated Cycloketones for the Synthesis of Spiroimidazolines.

A CuBr-catalyzed cascade reaction of amidines with exocyclic α,β-unsaturated cycloketones was developed, affording a large variety of spiroimidazolines in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction process involved the Michael addition and copper(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling, in which O from air acted as the oxidant and HO was the sole byproduct.

Identification of a novel HIV-1 second-generation circulating recombinant form (CRF136_0107) among MSM in China.

Objective: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Heilongjiang, China, and try to spot signs of new circulating recombinant form (CRF) in this region.

Design: A molecular epidemiological study was conducted in Heilongjiang, China during 2011-2020.

Methods: Plasma samples were collected from three HIV-1-positive patients (two MSM and one man lacking risk factor information).

Young MSM changed temporal HIV-1 epidemic pattern in Heilongjiang Province, China.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic in China is featured by geographical diversity of epidemic patterns. Understanding the characteristics of regional HIV-1 epidemic allows carrying out targeted prevention and controlling measures. This seven-year cross-sectional study was conducted in Heilongjiang, one province of Northeast China, where newly diagnosed infection is fast increasing yearly, but temporal HIV-1 epidemic trend is largely unknown.

Iron chelators reverse organ damage in type 4B hereditary hemochromatosis: Case reports.

Rationale: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a hereditary disorder of iron metabolism. It is classified into 4 main types depending on the underlying genetic mutation: human hemochromatosis protein (HFE) (type 1), hemojuvelin (HJV) (type 2A), HAMP (type 2B), transferrin receptor-2 (TFER2) (type 3), and ferroportin (type 4). Type 4 HH is divided into 2 subtypes according to different mutations: type 4A (classical ferroportin disease) and type 4B (non-classical ferroportin disease).

Assessment of Serum Tumor Markers for Predicting Ocular Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

The purpose of this study was to detect clinical variations between lung adenocarcinoma patients with and without ocular metastasis (OM) to identify risk factors for OM and assess the diagnostic values. We included 1153 patients with lung adenocarcinoma in this study. Independent -tests and chi-square tests were used to compare patients' clinical characteristics.

Anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: mechanisms and potential regimens of drug resistance.

Cetuximab and panitumumab, as the highly effective antibodies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have clinical activity in the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). These agents have good curative efficacy, but drug resistance also exists at the same time. The effects of , , and mutations and amplification on the treatment of refractory mCRC have been elucidated and the corresponding countermeasures have been put forward.

Altered white matter integrity in patients with monocular blindness: A diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics study.

Background: Visual deprivation can lead to abnormal and plastic changes in the brain's visual system and other systems. Although the secondary changes of gray matter in patients have been well studied, the study of white matter is rare. In fact, subtle changes in white matter may be revealed by diffusion tensor imaging, and tract-based spatial statistics can be used to analyze DTI image data.

Central network changes in patients with advanced monocular blindness: A voxel-based morphometric study.

Objective: To study the changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in patients with advanced monocular blindness (MB) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

Methods: Thirty-one patients with advanced MB (25 males and six females) and 31 normal controls (25 males and six females) were enrolled. The t test was applied to determine the differences in GMV, white matter volume (WMV), and volume of cerebrospinal fluid in different regions of the brain.

Apolipoprotein A1 and B as risk factors for development of intraocular metastasis in patients with breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common primary lesion resulting in intraocular metastasis (IOM). In this study, we investigated the differences between breast cancer patients with and without IOM, and clarified the risk factors for IOM in patients with breast cancer. A total of 2,381 patients with breast cancer were included in this study from January 2005 to December 2017.

Altered brain activity in patients with strabismus and amblyopia detected by analysis of regional homogeneity: A resting‑state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Previous studies have demonstrated that strabismus or amblyopia can result in marked brain function and anatomical alterations. However, differences in spontaneous brain activity in strabismus and amblyopia (SA) patients as compared with control individuals remain unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the potential brain activity changes in SA patients and their association with behavioral performance.

Critical amino acid residues and potential N-linked glycosylation sites contribute to circulating recombinant form 01_AE pathogenesis in Northeast China.

Objective: The current study aimed to understand epidemiological feature and critical factors associated with pathogenesis of circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE strains in Northeast China.

Design: Compared analysis was made between CRF01_AE and non-CRF01_AE samples to understand the pathogenicity features of CRF01_AE. Further analyses between CRF01_AE samples with high or low CD4 cell counts and between samples with different coreceptor usages were done to explore the possible factors correlating to the pathogenesis of CRF01_AE viruses.

Gray Matter Volume Changes in Patients With Acute Eye Pain: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study.

Purpose: The present study was attempted to compare the differences in gray matter volume (GMV) between the acute eye pain (EP) patients and the healthy controls (HCs) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and to explore the relationship with clinical features and behavioral performance.

Methods: A total of 24 patients (17 males, 7 females) with acute EP and 24 (17 males, 7 females) age-, sex-, and education-matched HCs were recruited from the Ophthalmology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were conducted in all subjects.

Measuring abnormal intrinsic brain activities in patients with retinal detachment using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation: a resting-state fMRI study.

Objective: The targets of this study were to access the alternations of spontaneous brain activity in RD patients by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method and to explore their relationships with clinical behavioral performance.

Methods: A total of 20 patients with RD (6 males and 14 females), and 20 healthy controls (HCs) (6 males and 14 females) were recruited, and were matched in sex and age. All participants finished the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning.

Lymphadenitis associated with cat-scratch disease simulating a neoplasm: Imaging findings with histopathological associations.

The lymphadenitis associated with cat-scratch disease (CSD) is often confused with neoplasms by a number of radiologists and clinicians, and consequently, unnecessary invasive procedures or surgeries are performed. In the present study, the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 10 patients (6 men and 4 women) with clinically and pathologically confirmed lymphadenitis associated with CSD were retrospectively analyzed (CT in 3 patients, MRI in 6 patients, and CT and MRI in 1 patient) at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China) between January 2007 and November 2014. As a result, 17 enlarged lymph nodes were identified in 10 cases.

Main components of pomegranate, ellagic acid and luteolin, inhibit metastasis of ovarian cancer by down-regulating MMP2 and MMP9.

Ovarian cancer is the third most common cancer in the female reproductive organs and epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest lethality of all gynecological cancers. Pomegranate fruit juice (PFJ) has been shown to inhibit the growth of several types of cancer other than ovarian cancer. In this study, we exposed the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 to PFJ and two of its components (ellagic acid and luteolin).

Contrast-enhanced multiple-phase imaging features of intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis: A comparative study.

The intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (IMCC) is frequently misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis, by numerous radiologists and clinical doctors, which results in the incorrect therapeutic treatment. A retrospective case-control study was conducted, and the contrast-enhanced multiple-phase (CEMP) computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 22 pathologically confirmed IMCC patients and 22 HCC controls with underlying liver cirrhosis were analyzed at the present hospital, from January 2010 to December 2015. In addition, serum tests were conducted and clinical symptoms of patients evaluated.

Enterolactone has stronger effects than enterodiol on ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the three leading gynecological malignancies, characterized by insidious growth, highly frequent metastasis, and quick development of drug resistance. As a result, this disease has low 5-year survival rates. Estrogen receptor inhibitors were commonly used for the treatment, but only 7% to 18% of patients respond to anti-estrogen therapies.

Acanthopanax senticosus: Photochemistry and Anticancer Potential.

Acanthopanax senticosus (previously classified as Eleutherococcus senticosus), commonly known as Ciwujia or Siberian Ginseng, is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), widely used for its high medicinal value, such as antifatigue, anti-inflammation, antistress, anti-ulcer and cardiovascular functions, in China, Korea, Japan and Russia. In the past decades, researchers worldwide have conducted systematic investigations on this herb, from chemistry to pharmacology, and a large number of chemical components have been characterized for their significant pharmacological effects. However, reports about the anticancer effects of this plant had been rare until recently, when considerable pharmacological experiments both in vitro and in vivo were conducted to study the anticancer effects of this herb.