Nonlinear relationship between body roundness index and prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in American adults.

Background: The Body Roundness Index (BRI) assesses obesity and fat distribution, yet its correlation with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear. This study investigated the association between BRI and RA prevalence.

Methods: Using NHANES data from 2011-2018, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis.

Prediction of postoperative visual cognitive impairment using graph theory and machine learning based on resting-state brain networks.

Background: Visual cognitive impairment is among the most common postoperative cognitive dysfunctions, significantly impacting recovery and quality of life in elderly patients. However, effective preoperative prediction methods remain lacking. We developed a machine learning model using graph theory analysis of resting-state functional connectivity networks to predict postoperative visual cognitive impairment.

Efficacy and safety of combined Baduanjin-auricular acupressure treatment for the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Active participation in postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation training is an indispensable part of the rehabilitation process for patients with lung cancer and is critical to improving the quality of life (QOL). Baduanjin or auricular acupuncture can significantly improve exercise tolerance, fatigue, and QOL in patients with lung cancer. Baduanjin promotes physical function and psychological well-being through gentle movement and breathing control, while auricular acupressure may further alleviate symptoms by modulating neuroendocrine pathways.

Cardiovascular toxicity associated with sedative drug use: Post-market pharmacovigilance study with disproportionality analysis.

Objective: To compare the toxicity of sedatives in critically ill intensive care unit patients and investigate safety concerns using the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System and VigiBase databases.

Materials And Methods: Disproportionality analysis was used to assess the relationships among midazolam, propofol, and dexmedetomidine and suspected adverse drug reactions. Adverse drug reactions related to sedation in the intensive care unit were identified through systematic organ classification and assessed using Standardized Regulatory Activities Medical Dictionary Analysis Queries.

Quality Analysis of Curcumae Radix From Different Sources Based on the Three-Dimensional Evaluation System of "Morphology-Composition-Efficacy".

Introduction: A major limitation in current Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) research lies in its overreliance on single-factor analyses of chemical composition or pharmacodynamics, or simplistic combined models. While these approaches partially elucidate TCM characteristics, they fail to comprehensively capture its holistic complexity and inherent quality.

Objectives: The three-dimensional comprehensive evaluation method of "morphology-composition-efficacy (MCE)" was creatively introduced in this study, and the quality of four different varieties of Curcumae Radix was deeply and meticulously studied.

Synthesis Strategies and Multi-field Applications of Nanoscale High-Entropy Alloys.

Alloying strategies have proven effective in enhancing the properties of metallic materials. However, conventional alloying strategies face significant limitations in preparing nanoscale multi-alloys and continuous optimizing surface-active sites. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) display a broader spectrum of unique properties due to their complex electron distribution and atomic-level heterogeneity arising from the stochastic mixing of multiple elements, which provides a diverse array of binding sites and almost continuous distribution of binding energies.

Dumbbell-Shaped Au@CeO Metal-Semiconductor Heteronanocrystals for Photothermal Catalysis of Organophosphate Degradation.

Plasmonic metal and semiconductor heterostructures have recently emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the rate of catalyzed reactions. However, most research has predominantly focused on plasmon-induced hot electron transfer mediated by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), while the photothermal effects of plasmonic metals have been largely underexplored. In this study, a dumbbell-shaped Au nanobipyramids (AuNBPs)/CeO heterojunction with superior photothermal properties was designed as a catalytic platform for the hydrolysis of organophosphorus compounds and the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (p-NP).

HKAN: A Hybrid Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Robust Fabric Defect Segmentation.

Currently, fabric defect detection methods predominantly rely on CNN models. However, due to the inherent limitations of CNNs, such models struggle to capture long-distance dependencies in images and fail to accurately detect complex defect features. While Transformers excel at modeling long-range dependencies, their quadratic computational complexity poses significant challenges.

National-scale 1-km maps of hospital travel time and hospital accessibility in China.

Ensuring equitable access to health services is crucial for public welfare and social equity, and is a key objective of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, existing datasets often define hospital accessibility using travel time to hospitals in geographic dimension only, without considering the supply (hospital capacity) and demand (population distribution) dynamics. To overcome this limitation, we developed and validated a national-scale 1 km map of both hospital travel time and hospital accessibility in China.

SS-31 mitigates oxidative stress and restores mitochondrial function in cigarette smoke-damaged oral epithelial cells via PINK1-mediated mitophagy.

Smoking is a well-established risk factor for several oral diseases, including oral cancer, oral leukoplakia and periodontitis, primarily related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). SS-31, a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide, has exhibited demonstrable efficacy in medical conditions by attenuating mitochondrial ROS production. However, its potential in the treatment of oral diseases remains underexplored.

The roles of lipids and inflammation in the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and arterial stiffness: evidence from two large population-based surveys.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a risk marker for arterial stiffness; however, the extent to which the TyG index is associated with arterial stiffness via lipids and inflammation remains unknown. The first aim was to probe the relationship between the TyG index and arterial stiffness in two surveys. The second aim was to clarify whether lipids and inflammation mediate this relationship.

Prevotella intermedia boosts OSCC progression through ISG15 upregulation: a new target for intervention.

Purpose: Periodontitis-associated bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are closely linked to the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Emerging studies have indicated that another common periodontal pathogen, Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia), is enriched in OSCC and could affect the occurrence and progression of OSCC.

Heat-killed Prevotella intermedia promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting the expression of tumor suppressors and affecting the tumor microenvironment.

Background: Oral microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our previous study showed that Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) were enriched in the oral mucosal surface, plaque, and saliva of patients with OSCC.

Attenuation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by Cigarette Smoke is Correlated with Decreased Defense Response of Oral Epithelial Cells to .

Background: It is well recognized that both smoke and infection are crucial risk factors for oral mucosal diseases. The nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its downstream effectors, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, are pivotal to the host defense against and other pathogens.

Methods: The present study was designed to explore the effects of cigarette smoke and on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream signal pathway cell model.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived EVs promote tumor progression by regulating inflammatory cytokines and the IL-17A-induced signaling pathway.

Background: Inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to tumor growth, proliferation, and invasion, and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as critical "messengers" of communication in the tumor microenvironment. The effects of EVs derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells on tumor progression and the inflammatory microenvironment are still unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role of OSCC-derived EVs in tumor progression, the imbalanced TME, and immunosuppression and their effect on the IL-17A-induced signaling pathway.

Decreased default mode network functional connectivity with visual processing regions as potential biomarkers for delayed neurocognitive recovery: A resting-state fMRI study and machine-learning analysis.

Objectives: The abnormal functional connectivity (FC) pattern of default mode network (DMN) may be key markers for early identification of various cognitive disorders. However, the whole-brain FC changes of DMN in delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) are still unclear. Our study was aimed at exploring the whole-brain FC patterns of all regions in DMN and the potential features as biomarkers for the prediction of DNR using machine-learning algorithms.

Identification of a novel porcine Teschovirus 2 strain as causative agent of encephalomyelitis in suckling piglets with high mortality in China.

Background: Porcine Teschovirus (PTV), also named Teschovirus A, is prevalent in pig populations, mainly causing neurological symptoms, diarrhea, pneumonia, and reproductive failure, however the morbidity and mortality are usually low in pig farms.

Case Presentation: In this study, we reported a PTV outbreak investigation in one large-scale pig farm in China with severe symptoms including diarrhea, lethargy, locomotor ataxia, nystagmus, paralysis of the hind limbs, and coma in piglets. More importantly, the mortality reached 38% in suckling pigs, which is remarkably high in PTV history.

The Promotional Effect of GW4869 on Invasion and Cellular Damage in a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis.

() is one of the most common fungi in the human body; it is an opportunistic pathogen and can cause candidiasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the host cells have a potentially protective effect against pathogens and can be developed as vaccine formulations. GW4869 can inhibit the production and release of EVs.

A metagenome-wide association study of the gut microbiota in recurrent aphthous ulcer and regulation by thalidomide.

Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU), one of the most common diseases in humans, has an unknown etiology and is difficult to treat. Thalidomide is an important immunomodulatory and antitumor drug and its effects on the gut microbiota still remain unclear. We conducted a metagenomic sequencing study of fecal samples from a cohort of individuals with RAU, performed biochemical assays of cytokines, immunoglobulins and antimicrobial peptides in serum and saliva, and investigated the regulation effects of thalidomide administration and withdrawal.

Safety of sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular block: A postmarketing study based on the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database.

Aim: Residual neuromuscular blockade is a common complication after general anaesthesia. Sugammadex can reverse the action of aminosteroid neuromuscular blockers. This study aimed to explore sugammadex safety issues in the real world and determine the spectrum of adverse reactions.

Optical-feedback cavity ring-down spectroscopy for NO extinction coefficient measurement using a continuous wave laser diode.

Optical-feedback (OF) cavity ring-down spectroscopy consisting of a linear cavity is developed by employing a continuous wave laser diode (LD) with multi-longitudinal modes. Due to the OF effect caused by the cavity output laser back into the LD, the laser frequency is locked, and the intracavity laser intensity is enhanced. We use different concentrations of gases to test the apparatus, and the results show good agreement with theoretical values.

Active Smoking Induces Aberrations in Digestive Tract Microbiota of Rats.

Cigarette smoking could have certain effects on gut microbiota. Some pioneering studies have investigated effects of active smoking on the microbiome in local segments of the digestive tract, while active smoking-induced microbiome alterations in the whole digestive tract have not been fully investigated. Here, we developed a rat model of active smoking and characterized the effects of active smoking on the microbiota within multiple regions along the digestive tract.

A teosinte-derived allele of a MYB transcription repressor confers multiple disease resistance in maize.

Natural alleles that control multiple disease resistance (MDR) are valuable for crop breeding. However, only one MDR gene has been cloned in maize, and the molecular mechanisms of MDR remain unclear in maize. In this study, through map-based cloning we cloned a teosinte-derived allele of a resistance gene, Mexicana lesion mimic 1 (ZmMM1), which causes a lesion mimic phenotype and confers resistance to northern leaf blight (NLB), gray leaf spot (GLS), and southern corn rust (SCR) in maize.

Smoking increases oral mucosa susceptibility to Candida albicans infection via the Nrf2 pathway: In vitro and animal studies.

Smoking and Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection are risk factors for many oral diseases. Several studies have reported a close relationship between smoking and the occurrence of C.

Bax Targeted by miR-29a Regulates Chondrocyte Apoptosis in Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease, where chondrocyte apoptosis is responsible for cartilage degeneration. Bax is a well-known proapoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family, involved in a large number of physiological and pathological processes. However, the regulation mechanisms of Bax underlying chondrocyte apoptosis in OA remain unknown.