Pharmacological mechanisms and potential clinical applications of Dihydromyricetin in neurological disorders.

Neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke) have complex pathogenesis and affect a substantial proportion of the population; yet, available treatments have poor or limited efficacy, and the patients have a poor prognosis, with high morbidity and mortality.

The global, regional, and national burden and attributable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

BackgroundDementia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in cognitive function, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most common type. Updated global statistics on the burden of AD and other dementias provide critical insights for guiding prevention and treatment strategies.ObjectiveTo estimate the global, regional, and national burden and attributable risk factors of AD and other dementias from 1990 to 2021.

Local injection of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of thalamic ataxia syndrome: A case report.

Rationale: Thalamic ataxia syndrome is a rare but severely disabling condition resulting from thalamic lesions, characterized by persistent motor incoordination that frequently fails to respond to conventional rehabilitation therapies. Given the lack of effective treatment options and the profound impact on patients' quality of life, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of local botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections as a potential breakthrough treatment for improving motor control and daily living activities in patients with thalamic ataxia. This investigation represents the first clinical application of BoNT-A specifically targeting thalamic ataxia, offering new hope for treatment-resistant cases.

Leveraging diverse cell death patterns in osteosarcoma patients and identification of the function of FADS2 in osteosarcoma cells.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents. The 5-year survival rate is only approximately 20% in patients with metastatic and recurrent OS. There is an urgent need to explore novel therapeutic targets to improve the survivorship of OS patients.

Loss of YTHDF1 suppresses the progression of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney by regulating Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (GSTM2).

Background: Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK) is a rare renal tumor with poor prognosis. While germline mutations of SMARCB1 are considered to be the primary cause of MRTK, emerging evidence suggests that somatic epigenetic changes also play a vital role in the development and progression of MRTK. YTHDF1, an m6A reader protein, has been implicated in regulation of tumorigenesis by influencing RNA translation and stability in several adult cancers.

The phosphatase CTDSPL2 promotes proliferation, invasion, metastasis and regorafenib resistance in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Patients with metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma have poor prognosis. Regorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor recommended as a complement to standard chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced osteosarcoma.

Telitacicept as a BAFF/APRIL dual inhibitor: efficacy and safety in reducing proteinuria for refractory childhood IgA vasculitis nephritis.

Background: Persistent proteinuria is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN). Recent studies have shown that telitacicept effectively reduces proteinuria levels in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The treatment has been associated with a significant decrease in galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) levels.

Potassium application alleviates the drought-induced reduction in photoassimilates synthesis and distribution within the middle and upper fruiting branches, enhancing subtending cotton boll weight.

Drought significantly reduces cotton boll yields across various fruiting branches (FBs). Potassium (K) application can partially mitigate the drought-induced damage by modifying the biosynthesis of photoassimilates in the leaf subtending to cotton boll (LSCB) and facilitating their transport to the subtending bolls, although its effects vary among FBs. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

The Mulberry Transcription Factor Participates in Regulating Plant Drought Stress Tolerance.

The sericulture industry is an important component of the agricultural industry. Drought stress can cause yellowing, premature ageing, and the shrinkage of mulberry ( L.) leaves, greatly damaging their quality and restricting the high-quality development of the sericulture industry.

Synchronous bilateral Wilms tumors are prone to develop independently and respond differently to preoperative chemotherapy.

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common kidney cancer in infants and young children. The determination of the clonality of bilateral WTs is critical to the treatment, because lineage-independent and metastatic tumors may require different treatment strategies. Here we found synchronous bilateral WT (n = 24 tumors from 12 patients) responded differently to preoperative chemotherapy.

A network meta-analysis of different acupuncture therapy in the treatment of poststroke cognitive impairment and dementia.

Background: Poststroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID) is a major cause of stroke-related morbidities and mortalities. Over the last few years, there has been growing evidence supporting the effectiveness of needle-related treatments in PSCID. Our goal was to rate the included therapies and assess the clinical effectiveness of various needle-related treatments in patients with PSCID.

Regulation of maize root growth by local phosphorus availability, sucrose metabolism, and partitioning.

Background And Aims: Understanding how maize roots proliferate in phosphorus (P)-rich soil patches is critical for improving nutrient acquisition and crop productivity. This study explores the mechanisms of root adaptation to heterogeneous P availability, focusing on sucrose metabolism and the role of local P signals.

Methods: A split-root system with chambers of differing Pi concentrations (0 and 500 μM) was used to examine maize root responses.

Highly sensitive self-focused ultrasound transducer with a bionic back-reflector for multiscale-resolution photoacoustic microscopy.

In this study, we designed a self-focused ultrasonic transducer made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). This transducer involves a back-reflector, which is modeled after tapetum lucidum in the eyes of some nocturnal animals. The bionic structure reflects the ultrasound, which passes through the PVDF membrane, back to PVDF and provides a second chance for the PVDF to convert the ultrasound to electric signals.

Artificial intelligence-assisted quantification and assessment of whole slide images for pediatric kidney disease diagnosis.

Motivation: Pediatric kidney disease is a widespread, progressive condition that severely impacts growth and development of children. Chronic kidney disease is often more insidious in children than in adults, usually requiring a renal biopsy for diagnosis. Biopsy evaluation requires copious examination by trained pathologists, which can be tedious and prone to human error.

Systematic analysis of the Rboh gene family in seven gramineous plants and its roles in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize.

Background: Plant respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) gene family produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it plays key roles in plant-microbe interaction. Most Rboh gene family-related studies mainly focused on dicotyledonous plants; however, little is known about the roles of Rboh genes in gramineae.

Results: A total of 106 Rboh genes were identified in seven gramineae species, including Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa, Setaria italica, Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum.

Effects of a novel ANLN E841K mutation associated with SRNS on podocytes and its mechanism.

Background: Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is characterized by unrelieved proteinuria after an initial 4-8 weeks of glucocorticoid therapy. Genes in podocytes play an important role in causing SRNS.

Objective: This study aimed to report a pathogenic mutation in SRNS patients and investigate its effects on podocytes, as well as the pathogenic mechanism.

Optimized leaf storage and photosynthetic nitrogen trade-off promote synergistic increases in photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency.

A coordinated increase in the photosynthetic rate (A) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is an effective strategy for improving crop yield and nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency. PNUE tends to decrease with increasing N levels, but there are natural variations. Consequently, leaf functional N partitioning in Brassica napus genotypes under different N rates was measured to explore the optimized N allocation model for synchronously increasing A and PNUE values.

Rapid detection of telomerase expression of neuroblastoma in paraffin-embedded tissue: combination of in situ hybridisation and quantitative PCR.

Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous paediatric malignant tumour. Telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) by telomerase activation or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a hallmark of high-risk neuroblastoma. However, the prior assays for telomerase, such as TERT expression by RNA sequencing or microarrays, may not be easy to perform in many histopathology laboratories in hospitals.

High-resolution in vivo imaging of human nailbed microvasculature by using photoacoustic microscopy.

Microcirculation imaging has significantly clinical value in early diagnosis and curative effect judgment of various diseases. The most superficial layer of the nailbed is rich in capillaries, which is suitable as a window on the microcirculation. However, few techniques can noninvasively observe the blood supply distribution of the nailbed, especially for high-resolution imaging of capillaries.

Prominent Staining of MYCN Immunohistochemistry Predicts a Poor Prognosis in Non-Amplified Neuroblastoma.

Background: gene amplification is a powerful indicator of poor prognosis of neuroblastoma patients. However, non-amplified patients still showed heterogeneity in survival outcome. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of MYCN immunohistochemistry (IHC) in pre-treatment and post-treatment neuroblastoma tumors.