A natural allele of the transcription factor gene TaMYB-D7b is a genetic signature for phosphorus deficiency in wheat.

Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) deficiencies are major yield-limiting factors for wheat (Triticum aestivum) production worldwide, particularly in the acidic soils of the southern Great Plains of North America. In this study, we report that the transcription factor gene TaMYB-D7 is responsible for a major quantitative trait locus controlling purple leaf color. The wheat cultivar '2174' showed purple coleoptiles regardless of P status, whereas 'Jagger' did not, even under P limitation.

, Encoding a Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing Receptor-like Protein, Is a Major Aphid () Resistance Gene in Sorghum.

Greenbug, , is one of the important cereal aphid pests of sorghum in the United States and other parts of the world. variety PI 607900 carries the resistance () gene that underlies plant resistance to greenbug biotype I (GBI). Now, the has been determined as the major gene conferring greenbug resistance based on the strong association of its presence with the resistance phenotype in sorghum.

The E3 ligase TaE3V-B1 ubiquitinates proteins encoded by the vernalization gene TaVRN1 and regulates developmental processes in wheat.

In wheat (Triticum aestivum), early maturity is desired to avoid the hot and dry summer season, especially in view of climate change. Here, we report that TaE3V1, a C3H2C3 RING-type E3 ligase that interacts with TaVRN1, is associated with early development. Aside from its RING domain, TaE3V1 does not harbor any domains that are conserved in other RING-type or other E3 ligase proteins.

The TaGW2-TaSPL14 module regulates the trade-off between tiller number and grain weight in wheat.

IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 (IPA1) is a pivotal gene controlling plant architecture and grain yield. However, little is known about the effects of Triticum aestivum SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING-LIKE 14 (TaSPL14), an IPA1 ortholog in wheat, on balancing yield traits and its regulatory mechanism in wheat (T. aestivum L.

Integrated transcriptomic and pathway analyses of sorghum plants revealed the molecular mechanisms of host defense against aphids.

Sugarcane aphid has emerged as a major pest of sorghum recently, and a few sorghum accessions were identified for resistance to this aphid so far. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying this resistance are still unclear. To understand these mechanisms, transcriptomics was conducted in resistant Tx2783 and susceptible BTx623 sorghum genotypes infested with sugarcane aphids.

The TaSOC1-TaVRN1 module integrates photoperiod and vernalization signals to regulate wheat flowering.

Wheat needs different durations of vernalization, which accelerates flowering by exposure to cold temperature, to ensure reproductive development at the optimum time, as that is critical for adaptability and high yield. TaVRN1 is the central flowering regulator in the vernalization pathway and encodes a MADS-box transcription factor (TF) that usually works by forming hetero- or homo-dimers. We previously identified that TaVRN1 bound to an MADS-box TF TaSOC1 whose orthologues are flowering activators in other plants.

Genetic incorporation of genes for the optimal plant architecture in common wheat.

Unlabelled: Wheat grain yield is affected by plant height, which is the total length of spike, the uppermost internode, and other elongated internodes. In this study, a population of recombinant inbred lines generated from a cross between two advanced winter wheat breeding lines were phenotyped over four locations/years and genotyped by using markers of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and Diversity Array Technology (DArT) for mapping of genes for three traits, including spike length, the uppermost internode length, and plant height. Five genomic regions or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were associated with candidate genes for these traits.

Rapid identification and deployment of major genes for flowering time and awn traits in common wheat.

Molecular markers are developed to accelerate deployment of genes for desirable traits segregated in a bi-parental population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) or doubled haplotype (DH) lines for mapping. However, it would be the most effective if such markers for multiple traits could be identified in an F population. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) chips were used to identify major genes for heading date and awn in an F population without developing RILs or DH lines.

Genetic Incorporation of the Favorable Alleles for Three Genes Associated With Spikelet Development in Wheat.

The number of spikelets per spike is an important trait that directly affects grain yield in wheat. Three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with spikelet nodes per spike (SNS) were mapped in a population of recombinant inbred lines generated from a cross between two advanced breeding lines of winter wheat based on the phenotypic variation evaluated over six locations/years. Two of the three QTLs are at the () loci and at the () loci.

modifies spike architecture and enhances grain yield in wheat.

Spike architecture influences grain yield in wheat. We report the map-based cloning of a gene determining the number of spikelet nodes per spike in common wheat. The cloned gene is named and encodes a CONSTANS-like protein that is orthologous to in plant species.

Development of the Wheat Practical Haplotype Graph database as a resource for genotyping data storage and genotype imputation.

To improve the efficiency of high-density genotype data storage and imputation in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we applied the Practical Haplotype Graph (PHG) tool. The Wheat PHG database was built using whole-exome capture sequencing data from a diverse set of 65 wheat accessions.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase is involved in fine regulation of flowering time in winter wheat.

Vernalization genes underlying dramatic differences in flowering time between spring wheat and winter wheat have been studied extensively, but little is known about genes that regulate subtler differences in flowering time among winter wheat cultivars, which account for approximately 75% of wheat grown worldwide. Here, we identify a gene encoding an O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) that differentiates heading date between winter wheat cultivars Duster and Billings. We clone this TaOGT1 gene from a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for heading date in a mapping population derived from these two bread wheat cultivars and analyzed in various environments.

Genetic and QTL mapping in African bermudagrass.

Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy is frequently used to cross with C. dactylon Pers. in the creation of F hybrid cultivars that are some of the most widely used in the worldwide turf industry.

A semi-dominant NLR allele causes whole-seedling necrosis in wheat.

Programmed cell death (PCD) and apoptosis have key functions in development and disease resistance in diverse organisms; however, the induction of necrosis remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a semi-dominant mutant allele that causes the necrotic death of the entire seedling (DES) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the absence of any pathogen or external stimulus.

Effectiveness of Genomic Selection by Response to Selection for Winter Wheat Variety Improvement.

Prediction performance for winter wheat grain yield and end-use quality traits. Prediction accuracies evaluated by cross-validations are significantly overestimated. Nonparametric algorithms outperform the parametric alternatives in cross-year predictions.

Identification of candidate chromosome region of Sbwm1 for Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus resistance in wheat.

Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) causes a serious viral disease that can significantly reduce grain yield in winter wheat worldwide. Using resistant cultivars is the only feasible strategy to reduce the losses caused by SBWMV. To fine map the resistance gene Sbwm1, 205 wheat accessions was genotyped using wheat Infinium iSelect Beadchips with 90 K SNPs.

Development and deployment of KASP markers for multiple alleles of Lr34 in wheat.

Heterogeneous Lr34 genes for leaf rust in winter wheat cultivar 'Duster' and KASP markers for allelic variation in exon 11 and exon 22 of Lr34. Wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), is a hexaploid species, and each of three homoeologous genomes A, B, and D should have one copy for a gene in its ancestral form if the gene has no duplication. Previously reported leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 has one copy on the short arm of chromosome 7D in hexaploid wheat, and allelic variation in Lr34 is in intron 4, exon 11, exon 12, or exon 22.

TaVrt2, an SVP-like gene, cooperates with TaVrn1 to regulate vernalization-induced flowering in wheat.

TaVrn1, encoding a MADS-box transcription factor (TF), is the central regulator of wheat vernalization-induced flowering. Considering that the MADS-box TF usually works by forming hetero- or homodimers, we conducted yeast-two-hybrid screening and identified an SVP-like MADS-box protein TaVrt2 interacting with TaVrn1. However, the specific function of TaVrt2 and the biological implication of its interaction with TaVrn1 remained unknown.

Mapping of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes and Molecular Characterization of the 2NS/2AS Translocation in the Wheat Cultivar Jagger.

Winter wheat cultivar 'Jagger' was recently found to have an alien chromosomal segment 2NS that has , a gene conferring resistance against leaf rust caused by The objective of this study was to map and characterize the gene(s) for seedling leaf rust resistance in Jagger. The recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Jagger × '2174' was inoculated with leaf rust pathogen THBJG and BBBDB, and evaluated for infection type (IT) response. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for THBJG and BBBDB was coincidently mapped to chromosome arm 2AS, and the QTL accounted for 56.

Nitrogen use efficiency is regulated by interacting proteins relevant to development in wheat.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) has low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The genetic mechanisms controlling NUE are unknown. Positional cloning of a major quantitative trait locus for N-related agronomic traits showed that the vernalization gene TaVRN-A1 was tightly linked with TaNUE1, the gene shown to influence NUE in wheat.

Genetic basis of the very short life cycle of 'Apogee' wheat.

Background: 'Apogee' has a very short life cycle among wheat cultivars (flowering 25 days after planting under a long day and without vernalization), and it is a unique genetic material that can be used to accelerate cycling breeding lines. However, little is known about the genetic basis of the super-short life of Apogee wheat.

Results: In this study, Apogee was crossed with a strong winter wheat cultivar 'Overland', and 858 F plants were generated and tested in a greenhouse under constant warm temperature and long days.

Practical application of genomic selection in a doubled-haploid winter wheat breeding program.

Crop improvement is a long-term, expensive institutional endeavor. Genomic selection (GS), which uses single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information to estimate genomic breeding values, has proven efficient to increasing genetic gain by accelerating the breeding process in animal breeding programs. As for crop improvement, with few exceptions, GS applicability remains in the evaluation of algorithm performance.

The STENOFOLIA gene from Medicago alters leaf width, flowering time and chlorophyll content in transgenic wheat.

Molecular genetic analyses revealed that the WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene superfamily regulates several programs in plant development. Many different mechanisms are reported to underlie these alterations. The WOX family member STENOFOLIA (STF) is involved in leaf expansion in the eudicot Medicago truncutula.