A multifaceted strategy for intra- and extracellular nucleic acid regulation to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration.

Abnormal accumulation of both intracellular and extracellular free nucleic acids drives chronic inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Despite the development of numerous minimally invasive treatments for IVDD, systematic approaches targeting the chronic inflammation mediated by both nucleic acid types are lacking. We propose a dual clearance strategy that inhibits mitochondrial DNA release inside nucleus pulposus cells while removing extracellular DNA from the disc microenvironment.

The Community Structure and Diversity of Heterotrophic Microorganisms in the Soils of Taiga Forests, China.

Heterotrophic microorganisms derive energy by decomposing organic matter. Their composition and community structure are influenced by environmental factors and interactions. Soil heterotrophic respiration was assessed by establishing vegetation removal plots (Hr) and control plots (Sr).

Diastasis recti abdominis: A comprehensive review.

Background: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) refers to the separation of the rectus abdominis muscles along the linea alba. Though traditionally viewed as a postpartum cosmetic issue, DRA has functional implications and affects both women and men.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, identifying 355 relevant publications over the past two decades.

Thresholds and Trade-Offs: Fire Severity Modulates Soil Microbial Biomass-Function Coupling in Taiga Forests, Northeast of China.

Forest fires critically disrupt soil ecosystems by altering physicochemical properties and microbial structure-function dynamics. This study assessed short-term impacts of fire intensities (light/moderate/heavy) on microbial communities in forests one year post-fire. Using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and Biolog EcoPlate analyses, we found the following: (1) fire reduced soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and available nitrogen/potassium (AN/AK) via pyrolytic carbon release, while heavy-intensity fires enriched available phosphorus (AP), AN, and AK through ash deposition.

Actinobacteria Emerge as Novel Dominant Soil Bacterial Taxa in Long-Term Post-Fire Recovery of Taiga Forests.

The long-term post-fire recovery phase is a critical stage for forest ecosystems to progress toward regeneration and mature succession. During this process, soil bacteria exhibit greater environmental adaptability, rapidly driving nutrient cycling and facilitating vegetation restoration. This study investigated the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria during long-term recovery after forest fires in the cold temperate zone, focusing on soils from the 2000 fires in Daxing'anling.

Pyrrolidinium Fullerenes as YTHDF1 Inhibitors for Targeted Tumor Therapy.

Cancer remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, necessitating the development of novel targeted therapies. This study explores the therapeutic potential of pyrrolidinium fullerenes as YTH N-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) inhibitors for cancer treatment. A series of functionalized pyrrolidinium fullerenes is synthesized and characterized, including C-(N,N-dimethyl-pyrrolidinium iodide) (NDMPFI), C-(N-methyl-N-benzyl-pyrrolidinium iodide) (NMBPFI), and C-(N-methyl-N-hydroxyethyl-pyrrolidinium iodide) (NMHPFI).

Development and performance evaluation of a circulating fixed-bed photobioreactor (CFBP) with clinoptilolite fillers for enhanced microalgae cultivation in urine: mechanistic insights.

Urine, a major source of nitrogen and phosphorus in domestic wastewater, challenges microalgae-based treatments due to high ammonia-nitrogen concentrations and salinity; therefore, additional processes are required when using conventional photobioreactors. This research developed a novel circulating fixed-bed photobioreactor (CFBP) with clinoptilolite and a three-stage operation mode to solve the above deficiencies. Modes including clinoptilolite cyclic processing (mode 1), microalgae suspension cultivation (mode 2), and microalgae-clinoptilolite cyclic cultivation (mode 3) occurred during the operation of the CFBP system.

Duplicated paralog of insulin receptor functions distinctively in locust reproduction for high fecundity.

Insulin receptor (InR) mediates the highly conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway that regulates a broad range of life-history traits. Most insects encode 2 InR paralogs, but their functional divergence and redundancy remain to be explored. Here, we pursued the functionality of 2 InRs, LmInR1, and LmInR2, in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria.

Analysis of Typical Inclusion Evolution and Formation Mechanism in the Smelting Process of W350 Non-Oriented Silicon Steel.

The production of silicon steel involves complex metallurgical processes, where the kind, composition, size, and quantity of the inclusions generated affect the silicon steel properties. This article is based on the smelting process for W350 non-oriented silicon steel produced by a certain factory. By systematically sampling, at key nodes of the converter-RH refining-tundish smelting process, the change in cleanliness of molten steel in the whole smelting process, the evolution of typical inclusions, and the transformation rules for the precipitated phase were analyzed by means of SEM-EDS, ASPEX, and Thermal-Calc.

Rumen-protected guanidinoacetic acid improves growth performance in beef cattle under chronic heat stress by reshaping gut microbiota and modulating serum metabolism.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of rumen-protected guanidinoacetic acid (RP-GAA) on growth performance, gut microbiota, and serum metabolism in beef cattle under chronic heat stress. A randomized block design was employed to allocate 14 F1 Simmental crossbred cattle (Simmental ♂ ×  ♀) with an average body weight of 312.5 ± 55.

Integrative transcriptome and WGCNA analysis reveal key genes mainly in response to in .

In order to explore the molecular mechanisms of response to stress and screen for genes conferring resistance to , we carried out measurements of physiological and biochemical indices and transcriptomic sequence analysis of leaves of inoculated with . The results showed that the variation trends of multiple hormone contents and enzyme activities were broadly similar at different time points, with HO, SA, JA, PPO, SOD, PAL and POD showing a trend of increasing and then decrease after inoculation with the pathogen. The contents of HO peaked on the second day and subsequently declined.

Active frequency support capability evaluation of photovoltaic stations based on bi-level evaluation method.

With the increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) in power grid, to cope with the deteriorating frequency security of the system, PV stations are required to participate in frequency regulation by grid codes. Knowing the active frequency support capability (AFSC) of PV stations is essential for strategy design of frequency response. Therefore, a comprehensive indicator system and an integrated evaluation method are proposed to evaluate the AFSC of PV stations.

Development and Validation of a Competitive Risk Model in Elderly Patients with Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Transitional cell bladder carcinoma (tcBC) is the predominant form of bladder cancer, making up around 95% of reported cases. Prognostic factors for older individuals with tcBC differ from those affecting younger patients. The main purpose of this study was to establish a prognostic competing risk model for elderly patients with tcBC.

Biomimetic 3D Prototyping of Hierarchically Porous Multilayered Membranes for Enhanced Oil-Water Filtration.

This study introduces a biomimetic approach to 3D printing multilayered hierarchical porous membranes (MHMs) using Direct Ink Writing (DIW) technology. Fabricated through a fast layer-by-layer printing process with varying concentrations of pore-forming agents, the produced MHMs mimic the hierarchical pore structure and filtration capabilities of natural soil systems. As a result, the 3D-printed MHMs achieved an impressive oil rejection rate of 99.

Ferritin-Based Supramolecular Assembly Drug Delivery System for Aminated Fullerene Derivatives to Enhance Tumor-Targeted Therapy.

Owing to their attractive antitumor effects, aminated fullerene derivatives are emerging as promising therapeutic drugs for cancer. However, their in vivo applications are severely limited due to cation toxicity. To address this problem, human heavy chain ferritin (HFn), possessing natural biocompatibility is utilized, to develop a novel supramolecular assembly drug delivery system.

Phyllospheric fungal diversity in decomposing larch leaf litter: a comparative study of epiphytic and endophytic fungi.

Introduction: Epiphytic and endophytic fungi are primary decomposers of forest litter due to their complex species composition and metabolic functions. To clarify the community diversity of phyllospheric fungi and to explore nutrient loss and the role of fungal decomposition, we conducted a study on the decomposition of leaf litter during the 1-year decomposition of in the cold temperate zone.

Methods: Fungal diversity data were characterized via Single Molecule Sequencing (based on the Sequel II Sequencing System) and statistical analyses in R.

Surface double defects-dominated TiO with high liquid phase stability for smart SERS sensing of dye additives in foods.

Surface defect engineering is an effective strategy to regulate the physical and chemical properties of semiconductors for a wide range of applications. Herein, a surface-highly-reduced anatase TiO (R-TiO) with double defects (surface oxygen vacancy defect and Ti energy level defect) was developed as a plasmon-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for ultrasensitive detection of food additives. Abundant surface oxygen vacancies enable R-TiO to exist stably in liquid phase, which realizes a smart SERS detection for dye target molecules due to evading fluorescent interference from analytes, while SERS enhancement of analytes cannot be observed on the solid phase substrate at all.

(001) facet-supported TiO facet heterojunction with abundant active sites and high-efficiency carrier separation for ultrasensitive SERS detection of antibiotic residues in foods.

Background: Antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods are seriously threatening human health and have attracted growing public attention. It is very important and valuable to carry out a rapid ultrasensitive detection of antibiotic residues, especially accurate identification based on molecular fingerprints.

Results: Here, a (001) facet-supported TiO facet heterojunction with abundant active sites (SF-TiO) was developed as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for ultrasensitive detection of antibiotic residues in milk and honey foods.

A novel g-CN/TiO heterojunction for ultrasensitive detection of bisphenol A residues.

Semiconductor heterojunction with functional integration can be used as an excellent matrix for the ultrasensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA) with low molecular affinity. Here, a simple, low-cost and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) strategy using g-CN/TiO heterojunction as substrate was presented for detection of BPA residues in foods. The g-CN/TiO achieved specific chemisorption for target analyte by the formation of intermolecular H-bond between g-CN and BPA.

Distinct exposure impact of non-degradable and biodegradable microplastics on freshwater microalgae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa): Implications for polylactic acid as a sustainable plastic alternative.

Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized as significant sources of harm to biota in various environments. However, the detrimental impacts of aged MPs with different structures and degradability remain poorly understood. In this study, aged MPs from polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS), representing biodegradable, aliphatic, and aromatic plastics, respectively, were prepared to examine their effects on microalgae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa).

FedSTS: A Stratified Client Selection Framework for Consistently Fast Federated Learning.

In this article, we investigate random client selection in the context of horizontal federated learning (FL), whereby only a randomly selected subset of clients transmit their model updates to the server instead of yielding all clients involved. Many researchers have demonstrated that clustering-based client selection constitutes a simple yet efficacious approach to the identification of those clients possessing representative gradient information. Despite the extensive body of research on modified selection methodologies, the majority of prior work is predicated upon the assumption of consistently effective clustering.

Effect of potassium on the agronomic traits and fruit quality of Goji (Lycium barbarum L.).

To investgate the effects of potassium (K) application on the agronomic traits and fruit quality of Lycium barbarum L. (Goji), three levels of K fertilizer, namely LK (25 g/plant), CK (50 g/plant), and HK (75 g/plant), were applied to plants in phytotron for observing and measuring relevant indicators. The investigation involved seven agronomic traits: plant height, plant stem diameter, new branch increment, yield of fresh fruits per plant, dry fruit quantity within 50 g, ratio of different grade fruits, and ratio of longitudinal diameter to transverse diameter of Goji fruits.

Chloride-mediated enhancement in Cu(II)-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction: The overlooked reactive chlorine species.

The practical application of Cu(II)-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction (Cu(II)/HO) exhibits a low efficiency in the degradation of refractory compounds of wastewater. The impact of chloride ions (Cl) on Fenton-like reactions have been investigated, but the influence mechanism is still unclear. Herein, the presence of Cl (5 mM) significantly accelerated the degradation of benzoic acid (BA) under neutral conditions.