A patient with acute hepatitis E and intractable vomiting: a case report.

We reported a patient with acute hepatitis E who had recurrent vomiting and dizziness that are uncommon in other patients with hepatitis E. The patient developed dizziness 1 month ago prior, accompanied by yellow urine, sclera, and staining of the skin. Half a month prior, the patient gradually developed fatigue and a poor appetite, accompanied by nausea, aversion to oil, loss of appetite, and itching of the skin.

Blood metabolic biomarkers and colorectal cancer risk: results from large prospective cohort and Mendelian randomisation analyses.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests metabolic dysregulation may contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) aetiology. We aimed to identify pre-diagnostic metabolic biomarkers for CRC risk in 230,420 UK Biobank participants.

Methods: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to quantify 249 metabolic biomarkers in plasma samples collected at baseline.

A dietary pattern promoting gut sulfur metabolism is associated with increased mortality and altered circulating metabolites in low-income American adults.

Background: Excessive hydrogen sulfide in the gut, generated by sulfur-metabolising bacteria from foods, has been linked to intestinal inflammation and human diseases. We aim to investigate the interplay between diet and sulphur-metabolising bacteria in relation to mortality and circulating metabolites in understudied populations.

Methods: In the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), a prospective cohort of primarily low-income American adults, habitual diets were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2002-2009).

Seasonal Fluctuation in the Incidence of Congenital Hypothyroidism Across Different Temperate Zones of China.

Background: Seasonality in the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been identified in several countries and different conclusions have been drawn. The objective of this study was to examine whether this seasonality is also observable in China and how it manifests across different temperate zones.

Methods: Data on CH cases and screened neonates between January 1, 2014, and September 30, 2022, by year and season, were sourced from the Chinese Newborn Screening Information System.

Longitudinal serum proteome mapping reveals biomarkers for healthy ageing and related cardiometabolic diseases.

The blood proteome contains biomarkers of ageing and age-associated diseases, but such markers are rarely validated longitudinally. Here we map the longitudinal proteome in 7,565 serum samples from a cohort of 3,796 middle-aged and elderly adults across three time points over a 9-year follow-up period. We pinpoint 86 ageing-related proteins that exhibit signatures associated with 32 clinical traits and the incidence of 14 major ageing-related chronic diseases.

Association of the EAT-Lancet diet, serial measures of serum proteome and gut microbiome, and cardiometabolic health: a prospective study of Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults.

Background: The EAT-Lancet diet was reported to be mutually beneficial for the human cardiometabolic system and planetary health. However, mechanistic evidence linking the EAT-Lancet diet and human cardiometabolic health is lacking.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the role of blood proteins in the association between the EAT-Lancet diet and cardiometabolic health and explore the underlying gut microbiota-blood protein interplay.

Mapping the gut microbial structural variations in healthy aging within the Chinese population.

Mapping gut microbial structural variants (SVs) during human aging may provide fundamental knowledge and mechanistic understanding of the gut microbiome's relationship with healthy aging. We characterize gut microbial SVs from 3,230 Chinese participants, identifying key SVs associated with aging, healthy aging, and age-related chronic diseases. Our findings reveal a pattern of copy number loss in aging-related SVs, with 35 core SVs consistently detected.

Circulating Metabolite Profiles and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Racially and Geographically Diverse Populations.

Background: Metabolomics may reveal novel biomarkers for coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to identify circulating metabolites and construct a metabolite risk score (MRS) associated with incident CHD among racially and geographically diverse populations.

Methods: Untargeted metabolomics was conducted using baseline plasma samples from 900 incident CHD cases and 900 age-/sex-/race-matched controls (300 pairs of Black Americans, White Americans, and Chinese adults, respectively), which detected 927 metabolites with known identities among ≥80% of samples.

Mapping the gut microecological multi-omics signatures to serum metabolome and their impact on cardiometabolic health in elderly adults.

Background: Mapping gut microecological features to serum metabolites (SMs) will help identify functional links between gut microbiome and cardiometabolic health.

Methods: This study encompassed 836-1021 adults over 9.7 year in a cohort, assessing metabolic syndrome (MS), carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP), and other metadata triennially.

Associations of neighborhood sociodemographic environment with mortality and circulating metabolites among low-income black and white adults living in the southeastern United States.

Background: Residing in a disadvantaged neighborhood has been linked to increased mortality. However, the impact of residential segregation and social vulnerability on cause-specific mortality is understudied. Additionally, the circulating metabolic correlates of neighborhood sociodemographic environment remain unexplored.

Blood Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apolipoproteins With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Study Among Racially Diverse Populations.

Background: Comprehensive blood lipoprotein profiles and their association with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) among racially and geographically diverse populations remain understudied.

Methods And Results: We conducted nested case-control studies of CHD among 3438 individuals (1719 pairs), including 1084 White Americans (542 pairs), 1244 Black Americans (622 pairs), and 1110 Chinese adults (555 pairs). We examined 36 plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, with incident CHD among all participants and subgroups by demographics, lifestyle, and metabolic health status using conditional or unconditional logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

Metabolite Signature of Life's Essential 8 and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Low-Income Black and White Americans.

Background: Life's essential 8 (LE8) is a comprehensive construct of cardiovascular health. Yet, little is known about the LE8 score, its metabolic correlates, and their predictive implications among Black Americans and low-income individuals.

Methods: In a nested case-control study of coronary heart disease (CHD) among 299 pairs of Black and 298 pairs of White low-income Americans from the Southern Community Cohort Study, we estimated LE8 score and applied untargeted plasma metabolomics and elastic net with leave-one-out cross-validation to identify metabolite signature (MetaSig) of LE8.

RIPK1 polymorphisms and expression levels: impact on genetic susceptibility and clinical outcome of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the associations of RIPK1 polymorphisms, plasma levels and mRNA expression with susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and clinical outcome.

Methods: Three hundred and nineteen EOC patients included in a 60-month follow-up program and 376 controls were enrolled. Two tag SNPs (rs6907943 and rs9392453) of RIPK1 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.

Increased incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in China: An analysis of 119 million screened newborns.

Despite the lack of nationwide epidemiological studies, congenital hypothyroidism (CH) incidence in China has increased. We aimed to evaluate the trends of CH and the possible reasons behind them. Data from screened newborns from the Chinese Newborn Screening Information System from 2012 to 2019 was collected.

E2EFP-MIL: End-to-end and high-generalizability weakly supervised deep convolutional network for lung cancer classification from whole slide image.

Efficient and accurate distinction of histopathological subtype of lung cancer is quite critical for the individualized treatment. So far, artificial intelligence techniques have been developed, whose performance yet remained debatable on more heterogenous data, hindering their clinical deployment. Here, we propose an end-to-end, well-generalized and data-efficient weakly supervised deep learning-based method.

Microbiota-assisted iron uptake promotes immune tolerance in the intestine.

Iron deficiencies are the most common nonenteric syndromes observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, but little is known about their impacts on immune tolerance. Here we show that homeostasis of regulatory T cells in the intestine was dependent on high cellular iron levels, which were fostered by pentanoate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by intestinal microbiota. Iron deficiencies in Treg caused by the depletion of Transferrin receptor 1, a major iron transporter, result in the abrogation of Treg in the intestine and lethal autoimmune disease.

Metabolite Signature of Life's Essential 8 and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Low-Income Black and White Americans.

Background And Aims: Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is a comprehensive construct of cardiovascular health. Yet, little is known about LE8 score, its metabolic correlates, and their predictive implications among Black Americans and low-income individuals.

Methods: In a nested case-control study of coronary heart disease (CHD) among 598 Black and 596 White low-income Americans, we estimated LE8 score, conducted untargeted plasma metabolites profiling, and used elastic net with leave-one-out cross-validation to identify metabolite signature (MetaSig) of LE8.

Nutri-microbiome epidemiology, an emerging field to disentangle the interplay between nutrition and microbiome for human health.

Diet and nutrition have a substantial impact on the human microbiome, and interact with the microbiome, especially gut microbiome, to modulate various diseases and health status. Microbiome research has also guided the nutrition field to a more integrative direction, becoming an essential component of the rising area of precision nutrition. In this review, we provide a broad insight into the interplay among diet, nutrition, microbiome, and microbial metabolites for their roles in the human health.

Global prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism among neonates from 1969 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Little is known about the global prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), though it is known to vary across countries and time periods. This meta-analysis aims to estimate the global and regional prevalence of CH among births between 1969 and 2020. PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies between January 1, 1975, and March 2, 2020.

The trend of unintentional injury-related mortality among children aged under-five years in China, 2010-2020: a retrospective analysis from a national surveillance system.

Background: In this study, we estimated the trend of unintentional injury mortality among children aged under-five years in China during 2010-2020.

Methods: Data were obtained from China's Under 5 Child Mortality Surveillance System (U5CMSS). The total unintentional injury mortality and all specific-causes unintentional injury mortality was calculated, annual numbers of deaths and live births were adjusted by a 3-year moving average under-reporting rate.

SLFN5 promotes reversible epithelial and mesenchymal transformation in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is a disease with increasing incidence worldwide, and there is an urgent need for chemotherapy and biological targeted therapy. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is an important initiation stage for tumor cells to acquire the ability to invade and metastasize. A growing number of findings suggest that human Schlafen family member 5(SLFN5) plays a key role in malignancy.

Comparison of fecal and blood metabolome reveals inconsistent associations of the gut microbiota with cardiometabolic diseases.

Blood metabolome is commonly used in human studies to explore the associations of gut microbiota-derived metabolites with cardiometabolic diseases. Here, in a cohort of 1007 middle-aged and elderly adults with matched fecal metagenomic (149 species and 214 pathways) and paired fecal and blood targeted metabolomics data (132 metabolites), we find disparate associations with taxonomic composition and microbial pathways when using fecal or blood metabolites. For example, we observe that fecal, but not blood butyric acid significantly associates with both gut microbiota and prevalent type 2 diabetes.

Non-invasive prenatal testing for the detection of trisomies 21, 18, and 13 in pregnant women with various clinical indications: A multicenter observational study of 1,854,148 women in China.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for detecting three common trisomies (T21, T18, and T13) in pregnant women with diverse clinical indications.

Methods: Frequencies of NIPT, of high chance of having one of the three trisomies, and of confirmed trisomies were determined for women with each of seven clinical indications in a national cross-sectional survey of approximately 300 prenatal diagnosis centers. Data were collected for the period from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2018 using the Prenatal Diagnosis Technology Management On-line Information System.

The gut microbiota-bile acid axis links the positive association between chronic insomnia and cardiometabolic diseases.

Evidence from human cohorts indicates that chronic insomnia is associated with higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), yet whether gut microbiota plays a role is unclear. Here, in a longitudinal cohort (n = 1809), we find that the gut microbiota-bile acid axis may link the positive association between chronic insomnia and CMD. Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 and Ruminococcaceae UCG-003 are the main genera mediating the positive association between chronic insomnia and CMD.