Assessment of adipokine and inflammation biomarkers with cancer risk among Chinese men: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Obesity and chronic inflammation are associated with cancer risk. We investigated the association between adipokines, inflammation markers, and cancer risk among Chinese men.

Methods: Using pre-diagnosis fasting plasma samples from 4,051 (6.

Associations of Pre-diagnostic Serum Liver Enzyme Levels with Lung Cancer Risk in Predominantly Low-income African and European Americans.

Previous studies have linked liver diseases to lung cancer (LC) risk; however, few studies evaluated the associations of circulating liver enzyme levels with LC risk. We conducted a study of 353 incident LC cases and 646 matched controls with baseline serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and of 552 cases and 1039 matched controls with baseline serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) nested within the Southern Community Cohort Study. Conditional logistic regression and generalized linear models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) among all study participants and by stratification of potential effect modifiers.

Mutational landscape of triple-negative breast cancer in African American women.

African American (AA) women have the highest incidence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) among all racial groups, but are underrepresented in cancer genomic studies. In 462 AA women with TNBC, we characterized the tumor mutational landscape by whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing. We unveiled a high-resolution mutational portrait of TNBC in AA women reminiscent of that in Asian and non-Hispanic white women, with no evidence of associations of mutational features with African ancestry.

Multi-Ancestry Transcriptome-wide Association Studies Uncover New Insights into Breast Cancer Genetics and Biology.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 200 genetic risk loci for breast cancer, yet the target genes in these loci remain largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a series of multi-ancestry transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) to discover potential breast cancer susceptibility genes. We developed and validated ancestry-specific genetic models to predict levels of gene expression, alternative splicing, and 3' UTR alternative polyadenylation, using genomic and transcriptomic data from normal breast tissue samples of 652 females of African, Asian, or European ancestry.

Polygenic prediction of body mass index and obesity through the life course and across ancestries.

Polygenic scores (PGSs) for body mass index (BMI) may guide early prevention and targeted treatment of obesity. Using genetic data from up to 5.1 million people (4.

Circulating gut microbial metabolites and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective, multi-stage study.

Background: Despite growing evidence linking gut microbiota and microbial metabolites to human cardiometabolic health, few studies have systematically examined circulating microbial metabolites with incident coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: We conducted a multi-stage metabolomics study involving five prospective cohorts. Discovery involved an untargeted plasma metabolite profiling among 896 incident cases and 896 age-/sex-/race-matched controls (∼300 pairs per race: Black, White, Asian) from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) and Shanghai Women's Health Study and Shanghai Men's Health Study (SWHS/SMHS).

Urinary metabolites in association with kidney cancer risk.

Kidney cancer incidence has increased worldwide in recent decades. While metabolomic studies have shown promise in unveiling mechanisms underlying disease development, few studies have investigated prediagnostic urinary metabolites and kidney cancer risk. We conducted a case-control study nested within the Shanghai Women's and Men's Health Studies to prospectively investigate the association between urinary metabolites and kidney cancer risk to understand its etiology and the underlying biological mechanisms.

Association of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Drinking With Risk of 12 Common Cancers Among Low-Income American Adults in the Southeastern United States.

IntroductionCigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are well-known risk factors for various cancers. We aimed to determine a comprehensive profile of cancer risk associated with these lifestyle factors in predominantly low-income Americans.MethodsWe prospectively investigated the associations between cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and the risk of twelve cancer types among over 74 000 low-income Black and White adults from the Southern Community Cohort Study in the United States.

Cost-effective solutions for high-throughput enzymatic DNA methylation sequencing.

Characterizing DNA methylation patterns is important for addressing key questions in evolutionary biology, development, geroscience, and medical genomics. While costs are decreasing, whole-genome DNA methylation profiling remains prohibitively expensive for most population-scale studies, creating a need for cost-effective, reduced representation approaches (i.e.

HSA Adductomics in the Shanghai Women's Health Study Links Lung Cancer in Never-Smokers with Air Pollution, Redox Biology, and One-Carbon Metabolism.

Nearly one fourth of lung cancers occur among never-smokers and are predominately lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) that are distinct from smoking-related cancers. Causal links between LUADs in never-smokers have been attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from airborne fine particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These effects are pronounced among East Asian women who experience massive exposures to PM and PAHs and have the highest incidence of LUADs in the world.

Association between socioeconomic position and lung cancer incidence in 16 countries: a prospective cohort consortium study.

Background: Studies have reported higher lung cancer incidence among groups with lower socioeconomic position (SEP). However, it is not known how this difference in lung cancer incidence between SEP groups varies across different geographical settings. Furthermore, most prior studies that assessed the association between SEP and lung cancer incidence were conducted without detailed adjustment for smoking.

A dietary pattern promoting gut sulfur metabolism is associated with increased mortality and altered circulating metabolites in low-income American adults.

Background: Excessive hydrogen sulfide in the gut, generated by sulfur-metabolising bacteria from foods, has been linked to intestinal inflammation and human diseases. We aim to investigate the interplay between diet and sulphur-metabolising bacteria in relation to mortality and circulating metabolites in understudied populations.

Methods: In the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), a prospective cohort of primarily low-income American adults, habitual diets were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2002-2009).

Yes-associated protein plays oncogenic roles in human sporadic colorectal adenomas.

The role of Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) in human colorectal cancer (CRC) presents contradictory results. We examined the function of YAP in the early stages of CRC by quantitatively measuring the expression of phospho-YAPS127 (p-YAP) and five APC-related proteins in 145 sporadic adenomas from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study, conducting APC sequencing for 114 adenomas, and analyzing YAP-correlated cancer pathways using gene expression data from 326 adenomas obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. The p-YAP expression was significantly correlated with YAP expression (r = 0.

Time-dependent relationship between urinary biomarkers of nucleic acid oxidation and colorectal cancer risk.

Purpose: Randomized controlled trials have failed to validate that neutralizing oxidative stress (OxS) through antioxidant supplementation reduces cancer risk. This study aims to prospectively investigate whether the relationship between systemic OxS and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk changes over the course of cancer development.

Methods: This study utilized a nested case-control design in two Shanghai cohorts for primary analysis and one US cohort for replication analysis.

Genetically Predicted Gene Expression Effects on Changes in Red Blood Cell and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 and omega-6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different dietary exposure windows. In vivo conversion of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs from short- to long-chain counterparts occurs via a shared metabolic pathway involving fatty acid desaturases and elongase. This analysis leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for RBC and plasma PUFAs, along with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to estimate tissue-specific genetically predicted gene expression effects for delta-5 desaturase (FADS1), delta-6 desaturase (FADS2), and elongase (ELOVL2) on changes in RBC and plasma biomarkers.

Genetically predicted gene expression effects on changes in red blood cell and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 and omega-6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different dietary exposure windows. conversion of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs from short-to long-chain counterparts occurs via a shared metabolic pathway involving fatty acid desaturases and elongase. This analysis leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for RBC and plasma PUFAs, along with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to estimate tissue-specific genetically predicted gene expression effects for delta-5 desaturase ( ), delta-6 desaturase ( ), and elongase ( ) on changes in RBC and plasma biomarkers.

Refining breast cancer genetic risk and biology through multi-ancestry fine-mapping analyses of 192 risk regions.

Genome-wide association studies have identified approximately 200 genetic risk loci for breast cancer, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known breast cancer risk loci using genome-wide association study data from 172,737 female breast cancer cases and 242,009 controls of African, Asian and European ancestry. We identified 332 independent association signals for breast cancer risk, including 131 signals not reported previously, and for 50 of them, we narrowed the credible causal variants down to a single variant.

Associations of alcohol intake with gut microbiome: a prospective study in a predominantly low-income Black/African American population.

Background: Alcohol intake can alter gut microbiome, which may subsequently affect human health. However, limited population-based, prospective studies have investigated associations of habitual and recent alcohol intake with the gut microbiome, particularly among Black/African American individuals.

Objective: We examined the association of alcohol intake with gut microbiome in a predominantly low-income Black/African American population.

Enhancing disease risk gene discovery by integrating transcription factor-linked trans-variants into transcriptome-wide association analyses.

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have been successful in identifying disease susceptibility genes by integrating cis-variants predicted gene expression with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. However, trans-variants for predicting gene expression remain largely unexplored. Here, we introduce transTF-TWAS, which incorporates transcription factor (TF)-linked trans-variants to enhance model building for TF downstream target genes.

A proteome-wide association study identifies putative causal proteins for breast cancer risk.

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 breast cancer risk-associated genetic loci, yet the causal genes and biological mechanisms for most loci remain elusive. Proteins, as final gene products, are pivotal in cellular function. In this study, we conducted a proteome-wide association study (PWAS) to identify proteins in breast tissue related to breast cancer risk.

Influence of Peanut Consumption on the Gut Microbiome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Peanut consumption could impact cardiometabolic health through gut microbiota, a hypothesis that remains to be investigated. A randomized clinical trial in Vietnam evaluated whether peanut consumption alters gut microbiome communities. : One hundred individuals were included and randomly assigned to the peanut intervention and control groups.

Cost-effective solutions for high-throughput enzymatic DNA methylation sequencing.

Characterizing DNA methylation patterns is important for addressing key questions in evolutionary biology, geroscience, and medical genomics. While costs are decreasing, whole-genome DNA methylation profiling remains prohibitively expensive for most population-scale studies, creating a need for cost-effective, reduced representation approaches (i.e.

Integrating muti-omics data to identify tissue-specific DNA methylation biomarkers for cancer risk.

The relationship between tissue-specific DNA methylation and cancer risk remains inadequately elucidated. Leveraging resources from the Genotype-Tissue Expression consortium, here we develop genetic models to predict DNA methylation at CpG sites across the genome for seven tissues and apply these models to genome-wide association study data of corresponding cancers, namely breast, colorectal, renal cell, lung, ovarian, prostate, and testicular germ cell cancers. At Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.