Genome-wide molecular characterization and expression profiling of the cysteine protease gene family in maize.

Unlabelled: Cysteine proteases (CPs), a pivotal class of proteolytic enzymes ubiquitously distributed across plant genomes, play critical roles in plant development, senescence, and immune responses. However, systematic investigations of CPs in maize ( L.) remain limited.

Identification of QTLs for aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) resistance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) based on BSA-seq and analysis of candidate genes.

Aphid infestation significantly reduces the yield and forage quality of sorghum, underscoring the urgent need to identify and develop aphid-resistant sorghum varieties. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) remains one of the most effective strategies for enhancing aphid resistance in sorghum. In this study, an F segregating population derived from a cross between the aphid-resistant variety IS23514 and the susceptible variety IS23992 was employed to map aphid resistance genes using bulked segregant analysis based on whole-genome resequencing (BSA-seq) and Insertion-Deletion (InDel) marker analysis.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Gene Superfamily in .

UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are widely distributed enzymes in living organisms that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups from donor molecules to acceptor molecules' glycoside ligands. These enzymes are pivotal for detoxifying and eliminating both endogenous and exogenous toxic substances in insects. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the gene superfamily in the fall armyworm (), resulting in the identification of 48 genes located across 10 chromosomes, including 23 tandem duplication pairs.

Genome-wide association study and candidate gene identification for fall armyworm resistance in maize (Zea mays L.).

As a globally vital crop for human consumption, livestock feed, and industrial applications, maize (Zea mays L.) faces severe threats from the invasive pest fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda. Exploring endogenous resistance genes represents a sustainable approach for FAW management.

Modification mechanism of Te and morphology evolution of primary MgSi in an Al-20MgSi alloy.

In the present work, the modification effect of Te and the corresponding growth process of MgSi were clarified. With 0.5 wt% Te addition, the dendritic primary MgSi transformed to polygons, accompanied by a reduction in size from over ∼165 μm-∼18 μm.

Cirsilineol improves anesthesia/surgery-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction through attenuating oxidative stress and modulating microglia M1/M2 polarization.

Background: Cirsilineol is a trimethoxy and dihydroxy flavonoid isolated from plant species such as and has a variety of pharmacological properties. This study analyzed whether cirsilineol could prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).

Methods: A POCD mouse model induced by anesthesia/surgery induction and a cell model established with hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced microglia BV-2 were employed to explore the efficacy of cirsilineol on POCD.

The Analysis, Description, and Examination of the Maize LAC Gene Family's Reaction to Abiotic and Biotic Stress.

Laccase (LAC) is a diverse group of genes found throughout the plant genome essential for plant growth and the response to stress by converting monolignin into intricate lignin formations. However, a comprehensive investigation of maize laccase has not yet been documented. A bioinformatics approach was utilized in this research to conduct a thorough examination of maize ( L.

A 1T'-MoTe/GaN van der Waals Schottky junction for self-powered UV imaging and optical communication.

Schottky-type self-powered UV photodetectors are promising for next-generation imaging systems. Nevertheless, conventional device fabrication using high-energy metal deposition brings unintentional interface defects, leading to deteriorated device performance and inhomogeneities. Emerging two-dimensional (2D) metallic materials offer an alternative pathway to overcoming such limitations because of their naturally passivated surfaces and the ease of combining with mature bulk semiconductors van der Waals (vdW) integration.

Genome-wide association study of plant color in .

Introduction: Sorghum plant color is the leaf sheath/leaf color and is associated with seed color, tannin and phenol content, head blight disease incidence, and phytoalexin production.

Results: In this study, we evaluated plant color of the sorghum mini core collection by scoring leaf sheath/leaf color at maturity as tan, red, or purple across three testing environments and performed genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) with 6,094,317 SNPs markers.

Results And Discussion: Eight loci, one each on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, and 6 and two on chromosomes 5 and 9, were mapped.

A new iterative initialization of EM algorithm for Gaussian mixture models.

Background: The expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is a common tool for estimating the parameters of Gaussian mixture models (GMM). However, it is highly sensitive to initial value and easily gets trapped in a local optimum.

Method: To address these problems, a new iterative method of EM initialization (MRIPEM) is proposed in this paper.

Proanthocyanidin Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis by Path Analysis Model.

To fully explore the influence mechanism of interactions between different monomer units of proanthocyanidins (PAs) on biological activity, a path analysis model of the PA structure-activity relationship was proposed. This model subdivides the total correlation between each monomer unit and activity into direct and indirect effects by taking into account not only each monomer unit but also the correlation with its related monomer units. In addition, this method can determine the action mode of each monomer unit affecting the activity by comparing the direct and total indirect effects.

A chromosome-scale genome sequence of sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) highlights the genome evolution and regulation of dhurrin biosynthesis.

Sudangrass is more similar to US commercial sorghums than to cultivated sorghums from Africa sequence-wise and contain significantly lower dhurrin than sorghums. CYP79A1 is linked to dhurrin content in sorghum. Sudangrass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf] is a hybrid between grain sorghum and its wild relative S.

Polarity-Reversible Te/WSe van der Waals Heterodiode for a Logic Rectifier and Polarized Short-Wave Infrared Photodetector.

As a p-type elemental material with high carrier mobility, superior ambient stability, and anisotropic crystal structure, emerging two-dimensional (2D) tellurium (Te) has been considered a successor to black phosphorus for developing infrared-related optoelectronics. Nevertheless, the lack of a scalable thickness engineering strategy remains an obstacle to unleashing its full potential. Te-based electronics with logic functions are also less explored.

Smad on X is vital for larval-pupal transition in a herbivorous ladybird beetle.

Insect development is regulated by a combination of juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Production of both JH and 20E is regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling. TGFβ can be classified into two branches, the Activin and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathways.

Strain Engineering in 2D Material-Based Flexible Optoelectronics.

Flexible optoelectronics, as promising components hold shape-adaptive features and dynamic strain response under strain engineering for various intelligent applications. 2D materials with atomically thin layers are ideal for flexible optoelectronics because of their high flexibility and strain sensitivity. However, how the strain affects the performance of 2D materials-based flexible optoelectronics is confused due to their hypersensitive features to external strain changes.

Direct Charge Trapping Multilevel Memory with Graphdiyne/MoS Van der Waals Heterostructure.

Direct charge trapping memory, a new concept memory without any dielectric, has begun to attract attention. However, such memory is still at the incipient stage, of which the charge-trapping capability depends on localized electronic states that originated from the limited surface functional groups. To further advance such memory, a material with rich hybrid states is highly desired.

Mixed-dimensional Te/CdS van der Waals heterojunction for self-powered broadband photodetector.

The 2D layered crystals can physically integrate with other non-2D components through van der Waals (vdW) interaction, forming mixed-dimensional heterostructures. As a new elemental 2D material, tellurium (Te) has attracted intense recent interest for high room-temperature mobility, excellent air-stability, and the easiness of scalable synthesis. To date, the Te is still in its research infancy, and optoelectronics with low-power consumption are less reported.

The Aquaporin TaPIP2;10 Confers Resistance to Two Fungal Diseases in Wheat.

Plants employ aquaporins (AQPs) of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family to import environmental substrates, thereby affecting various processes, such as the cellular responses regulated by the signaling molecule hydrogen peroxide (HO). Common wheat () contains 24 candidate members of the PIP family, designated as TaPIP1;1 to TaPIP1;12 and TaPIP2;1 to TaPIP2;12. None of these TaPIP candidates have been characterized for substrate selectivity or defense responses in their source plant.

Near-ideal van der Waals rectifiers based on all-two-dimensional Schottky junctions.

The applications of any two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor devices cannot bypass the control of metal-semiconductor interfaces, which can be severely affected by complex Fermi pinning effects and defect states. Here, we report a near-ideal rectifier in the all-2D Schottky junctions composed of the 2D metal 1 T'-MoTe and the semiconducting monolayer MoS. We show that the van der Waals integration of the two 2D materials can efficiently address the severe Fermi pinning effect generated by conventional metals, leading to increased Schottky barrier height.

Multiple-to-multiple path analysis model.

One-to-multiple path analysis model describes the regulation mechanism of multiple independent variables to one dependent variable by dividing the correlation coefficient and the determination coefficient. How to analyse more complex regulation mechanisms of multiple independent variables to multiple dependent variables? Similarly, according to multiple-to-multiple linear regression analysis, multiple-to-multiple path analysis model was proposed in this paper and it demonstrated more complex regulation mechanisms among multiple independent variables and multiple dependent variables by dividing the generalized determination coefficient. Differently, three other types of paths were generated in multiple-to-multiple path analysis model in that the correlation among multiple dependent variables was considered.

Hidden Vacancy Benefit in Monolayer 2D Semiconductors.

Monolayer 2D semiconductors (e.g., MoS ) are of considerable interest for atomically thin transistors but generally limited by insufficient carrier mobility or driving current.

Atomic-Thin ZnO Sheet for Visible-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection.

The atomic-thin 2D semiconductors have emerged as plausible candidates for future optoelectronics with higher performance in terms of the scaling process. However, currently reported 2D photodetectors still have huge shortcomings in ultraviolet and especially visible-blind wavelengths. Here, a simple and nontoxic surfactant-assisted synthesis strategy is reported for the controllable growth of atomically thin (1.