Volatile metabolomics reveals mechanisms of aroma enhancement in green tea via combination drying.

Drying is key to green tea aroma. Solvent-assisted flavor evaporation-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantitative descriptive analysis were used to characterize the aroma profiles of sun-dried (SD), hot-air-dried (HD), and combination-dried (CD) green tea samples. Sun drying leads to the formation of sweet and floral aromas in green tea, whereas hot-air drying leads to the formation of malty, fatty, and roasted aromas.

Endophytic bacterium V4 from albino tea plant enhances umami taste as well as flowery and roasted aromas in dried tea.

The application of microbial fertilizers in tea cultivation has emerged a promising strategy to enhance tea quality and promote sustainable agricultural practices. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the impacts of endophytic bacteria V4 on tea fresh leaves and dried tea were investigated.

Sensomics evaluation of sun drying for reducing the bitterness and astringency of crude Ancha tea.

Drying plays a crucial role in shaping tea's quality. This study investigated the effects of sun drying, hot-air drying, and combined drying on the taste profile of crude Ancha tea (CAT) by using sensory analysis and metabolomics methods. One-way analysis of variance and multivariate statistical analysis identified 33 key differential metabolites in CAT, including six substances with a dose over threshold (Dot) > 1 that contributed to bitterness and astringency: (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, kaempferol-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, myricetin-3-galactoside, and kaempferol-3-rutinoside.

Multi-omics analysis of polyamine metabolism implicates NT5E/CD73 in the progression of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits profound metabolic reprogramming, with polyamine metabolism emerging as a key driver of tumor progression and immune evasion. However, its comprehensive role and clinical significance in PDAC remain largely unexplored. We performed an integrative analysis using bulk transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and functional assays to systematically characterize polyamine metabolism in PDAC.

Mechanistic Insights into HO-Enhanced Iron Sulfide Formation: A DFT Study for Sulfur Fire Prevention and Environmental Hazard Mitigation.

The presence of water (HO) has been found to increase the susceptibility of sulfur to ignition during production and transportation, primarily due to the spontaneous combustion of iron-sulfide compounds generated by friction. In this study, the interaction mechanisms of iron-sulfur reactions under wet and dry conditions were investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Reactant cluster models were constructed, and the structures of all stationary points along the reaction potential energy surface were fully optimized for the 13-fold spin state.

Current status and future prospects of cancer-derived immunoglobulins in pancreatic cancer.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) is an important part of the immune system, which is mainly produced by B cells to recognize and kill pathogens. In recent years, the concept of cancer-derived immunoglobulin (cIg) has been proposed. cIg is a special form of Ig found in tumor microenvironment, and the role of cIg in tumor development and potential clinical significance of cIg have attracted more attention recently.

In vitro bioactivity and metabolomics of green tea processed from raw materials of different.

Tea maturity significantly influences processing quality and classification; however, research in this area remains limited, leading to challenges in classifying and processing mechanically harvested tea leaves. This study systematically examined the effects and applicability of different maturity levels on green tea processing using computer vision, taste evaluation, metabolomics, and microplate reader detection. Results showed that bud green tea (BGT) exhibited the highest yellowness, umami, bitterness, antioxidant activity, and -glucosidase and -amylase inhibitory activities, while tea stems (TS) had the lowest greenness and the strongest astringency.

Improving Ancha tea aroma quality via innovative processing: Characterization of key odorants by GC-MS, GC-O, Sensomics, and Chemometrics.

The new "steaming and heaping" processing was proposed to enhance the aroma quality of Ancha tea (ACT) as an alternative to traditional dew wetting. By contrast, no dew wetting ACT (DDW) showed the strongest roasted aroma, while steaming-fermentation 8 ACT (SF8) exhibited the most pronounced woody and fruity aromas and the best aroma quality among all samples. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), Chemometrics, and aroma validation experiments, this study identified five key odorants, namely, (E)-linalool oxide (furanoid), α-ionone, linalool, 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine.

Effect of oxygen concentration on volatile compounds and their formation in Keemun black tea fermentation.

Fermentation is a key process in the production of Keemun black tea (KBT), and oxygen, time, temperature, and humidity are key factors affecting black tea fermentation. However, the effect of oxygen concentration on the aroma quality of KBT remains unclear. To deeply investigate the effect of oxygen concentration (16 %, 21 %, 35 %, and 45 %) on the volatile compounds of KBT during fermentation, the aroma characteristics of tea fermented with different oxygen concentrations were assessed.

Systematic Characterisation and Analysis of Lysyl Oxidase Family Members as Drivers of Tumour Progression and Multiple Drug Resistance.

The intricacies of tumour microenvironment, particularly the extracellular matrix (ECM), underscore its pivotal function in modulating tumour progression and drug resistance. Among the key regulators of ECM remodelling and homeostasis, the lysyl oxidases (LOXs) emerge as promising therapeutic targets of tumour treatment. Despite their significance, a holistic evaluation of the LOX family's genomics and clinical implications across diverse cancer types remains elusive.

Prognostic implications and characterization of tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures genes in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most aggressive cancers, with rising incidence and limited responsiveness to immunotherapy due to its highly suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), ectopic formation structures of immune cells, are linked to better prognosis and improved immunotherapy responses in PDAC. Understanding TLS's role in PDAC could enhance immunotherapy effectiveness.

The relationship between chrononutrition profile, social jet lag and obesity: A cross-sectional study of Chinese college students.

This study aimed to investigate the associations between chrononutrition profile, social jet lag (SJL) with obesity-related indicators (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHTR), and percentage of body fat (PBF)). This cross-sectional study was conducted among college students in a university in Hunan Province, China, from 14 September 2023 to 8 June 2024. This study employed the Chrononutrition Profile - Questionnaire (CP-Q) along with physical examinations.

Impact of Microwave Time on the Structure and Functional Properties of Glycosylated Soy 7S Globulins.

This study examined the effects of varying microwave treatment durations (0-120 s) on the structural and functional properties of glycosylated soybean 7S protein. The results indicated that microwaving for 60 s significantly altered the structure of 7S, resulting in a more ordered protein configuration. The treated protein exhibited the largest particle size (152.

Sensory-directed flavor analysis of Jinggu white tea: Exploring the formation mechanisms of sweet and fruity aromas.

White tea is a naturally processed type of tea that has a unique favorable aroma. Typically, the aroma of white tea depends on its origin. Compared with Fujian white tea (FJ) and Yunnan other origin white tea (YO), Jinggu white tea (JG) has a stronger fruity and sweet aroma.

Changes in the key odorants of loose-leaf dark tea fermented by Eurotium cristatum during aging for one year: Focus on the stale aroma.

Aging process has been recognized as one of the means to improve the quality of microbial fermented teas. The evolution of the characteristic stale aroma, a key odorant of microbial fermented tea, throughout the aging process remains unknown. To investigate the changes in key odorants of the fermented tea during aging, the loose-leaf dark tea (LDT) used in this study was prepared by solid-state fermentation using Eurotium cristatum and was aged for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months, producing varied aged LDT samples.

Targeting SLITRK4 Restrains Proliferation and Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer via Regulating PI3K/AKT/NFκB Pathway and Tumor-Associated Macrophage.

Liver metastasis is the major cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the lack of effective treatment. To explore novel drivers of CRC liver metastasis, the transcriptomes of primary paracancerous, colorectal tumors and metastases from human patients are profiled. It is found that SLIT- and NTRK-like family member 4 (SLITRK4) is the top upregulated gene in liver metastases and is associated with worse overall survival of CRC patients.

IgG4 glycosylation contributes to the pathogenesis of IgG4 Hashimoto's thyroiditis via the complement pathway.

Background: To explore whether IgG4 is involved in the pathogenesis of IgG4 HT.

Methods: Serum TgAb IgG4 and TPOAb IgG4 were measured in IgG4 HT and non-IgG4 HT. C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), Bb, C3d, C4d, and membrane attack complex (MAC) in thyroid tissues from IgG4 HT, non-IgG4 HT, and controls were examined by immunohistochemistry.

Revealing the differences in aroma of black tea under different drying methods based on GC-MS, GC-O.

Drying greatly affects the aroma of black tea. In this study, the differences in aroma of black tea under hot-air drying (HD), sun drying (SD), and pan-fired drying (PD) were investigated through quantitative descriptive analysis. Headspace solid-phase microextraction and solvent assisted flavor evaporation combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactory were used to analyze the overall aroma profile of black tea.

Quantitative analysis and environmental assessments of gaseous inorganic compounds in Asphalt fume.

The Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in asphalt fume is widely concerned currently due to its biological toxicity, while the negative effects by asphalt Gaseous Inorganic Compounds (GICs) have not been well quantified and addressed yet. The study investigated the thermodynamic characteristics of base and modified asphalt binders during the multiple phases of releasing the GICs, then the releasing amounts and concentrations of GICs were quantified by fume analyzer. Meanwhile, the environmental impacts of GICs from 4 kinds of asphalt binders have been quantified and interpreted.

Inverse design of skull osteoinductive implants with multi-level pore structures through machine learning.

How to accurately design a personalized matching implant that can induce skull regeneration is the focus of current research. However, the design space for the porous structure of implants is extensive, and the mapping relationships between these structures and their mechanical and osteogenic properties are complex. At present, the forward design of skull implants mainly relies on expert experience, leading to high cost and a lengthy process, while the existing inverse design approaches face challenges due to data dependence and manufacturing process errors.

Association of body composition with ambulatory blood pressure among Chinese youths.

Background: For youths, abnormalities in ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) patterns are known to be associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and potential target organ damage. Body composition, including indicators such as lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI), and visceral fat level (VFL), plays a significant role in blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, little is known about the association between these body composition indicators and ABP.