Discovery of XY Sex Chromosomes in Mauremys mutica Provides Insights Into the Role of KDM6B Gene in Coexistence of Temperature-Dependent and Genetic Sex Determination.

The Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica) has long been thought to lack dimorphic sex chromosomes, with prevailing theories suggesting a solely temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) system. In this study, a male chromosome-level genomic sequence with a contig N50 of ~23.59 Mb was generated using a combination of both Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing technologies.

Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A1 increases ferroptosis vulnerability in squamous cancer.

Ferroptosis is a unique modality of regulated cell death induced by excessive lipid peroxidation, playing a crucial role in tumor suppression and providing potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we find that aldehyde dehydrogenase-ALDH3A1 tightly links to ferroptosis in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Functional assays demonstrate the enzymatic activity-dependent regulation of ALDH3A1 in protecting SCC cells against ferroptosis through catalyzing aldehydes and mitigating lipid peroxidation.

Reciprocal inhibition between TP63 and STAT1 regulates anti-tumor immune response through interferon-γ signaling in squamous cancer.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common and aggressive malignancies. Immune check point blockade (ICB) therapy using PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies has been approved in several types of advanced SCCs. However, low response rate and treatment resistance are common.

Establishing mouse and human oral esophageal organoids to investigate the tumor immune response.

Organoid culture systems are very powerful models that recapitulate in vivo organ development and disease pathogenesis, offering great promise in basic research, drug screening and precision medicine. However, the application of organoids derived from patients with cancer to immunotherapeutic research is a relatively untapped area. Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, including two major pathological subtypes: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

[Source Analysis and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Arable Soil at the Geological High Background, Based on the Township Scale].

Due to the extensive development of carbonate rocks in southwest China, heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have high natural background levels in the environment. Therefore, it is important to conduct ecological risk assessments and identify potential sources of heavy metals in the geological high background area. Based on the township scale, a total of 307 surface soil samples were collected in Qinglong Town, Fengjie County, Chongqing.

Zona pellucida family genes in Chinese pond turtle: identification, expression profiles, and role in the spermatozoa acrosome reaction†.

The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix that surrounds all vertebrate eggs, and it is involved in fertilization and species-specific recognition. Numerous in-depth studies of the ZP proteins of mammals, birds, amphibians, and fishes have been conducted, but systematic investigation of the ZP family genes and their role during fertilization in reptiles has not been reported to date. In this study, we identified six turtle ZP (Tu-ZP) gene subfamilies (Tu-ZP1, Tu-ZP2, Tu-ZP3, Tu-ZP4, Tu-ZPD, and Tu-ZPAX) based on whole genome sequence data from Mauremys reevesii.

CTNNBL1 restricts HIV-1 replication by suppressing viral DNA integration into the cell genome.

Retroviral integration is mediated by a unique enzymatic process shared by all retroviruses and retrotransposons. During integration, double-stranded linear viral DNA is inserted into the host genome in a process catalyzed by viral-encoded integrase (IN). However, host cell defenses against HIV-1 integration are not clear.

Comparison of Five Triage Tools for Identifying Mortality Risk and Injury Severity of Multiple Trauma Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department in the Daytime and Nighttime: A Retrospective Study.

Effective triage tools are indispensable for doctors to make a prompt decision for the treatment of multiple trauma patients in emergency departments (EDs). The Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), standardized early warning score (SEWS), Modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (mREMS), and Revised Trauma Score (RTS) are five common triage tools proposed for trauma management. However, few studies have compared these tools in a multiple trauma cohort and investigated the influence of nighttime admission on the performance of these tools.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii) provides insights into freshwater adaptation.

Mauremys reevesii is an endangered freshwater turtle that symbolizes longevity in Chinese culture. Despite its importance, genetic studies of this species remain limited, with no genomic sequence reported to date. Here, we report a high-quality, chromosome-level genomic sequence of M.

The interaction between Tu-Izumo1 and Tu-JUNO is involved in turtles hybridization.

The specificity of sperm-egg recognition is crucial to species independence, and two proteins (Izumo1 and JUNO) are essential for gamete adhesion/fusion in mammals. However, hybridization, which is very common in turtles, also requires specific recognition of sperm-egg binding proteins. In this study, we discovered that natural selection plays an important role in the codon usage bias of Tu-Izumo1 and Tu-JUNO.

Morphological mechanism allowing a parasitic leech, Ozobranchus jantseanus (Rhynchobdellida: Ozobranchidae), to survive in ultra-low temperatures.

Ozobranchus jantseanus is the largest metazoan known to survive in liquid nitrogen without pretreatment to date; however, the mechanism underlying this tolerance remains unclear. In this study, the first analyses of histological and morphological changes in normal, frozen, and dehydrated states were performed. Adults survived after direct placement in liquid nitrogen for 96 h, with a survival rate of approximately 86.

[Characteristics of Cadmium Enrichment and Pollution Evaluation of a Soil-Crop System in a Typical Karst Area].

In order to study the characteristics and factors influencing Cd accumulation in surface soils and crops in karst areas, and to provide a theoretical basis for safe land use, 360 surface soil samples, 7 deep soil samples, and 85 rice samples were collected from central Qianjiang District, Chongqing. The samples and 73 corn samples (corresponding to root-zone soil samples), were analysed to determine the content of Cd, TFe O, Mn, organic matter (C), Se, and pH. Based on geostatistical analyses, the spatial distribution and Cd enrichment of the surface soils were determined and a safety evaluation for the soil and crops was carried out.

[Distribution Characteristics of Selenium in a Soil-Crop System and the Threshold of Selenium-Rich Soils].

In order to determine the distribution characteristics of Se in soil-crop systems, we carried out a study on the Se-rich soil threshold by collecting 8789 surface soils and 155 deep soils in the Qianjiang District of Chongqing City, China, and 141 corn seeds and 159 rice seeds (simultaneously collecting 141 and 159 corresponding root soil samples, respectively). We then analyzed the Se content, organic matter, S, Mn, TFeO, AlO, and KO in soils and crops, and soil pH. We also analyzed the surface layer using geostatistical methods and the distribution characteristics of Se in deep soils using multiple regression analysis to study the factors influencing the bioavailability of Se.

Next-Generation Genome Sequencing of Sheds Light on the Structural Evolution of Plastid rRNA Operon and Phylogenetic Implications within Saxifragales.

The genus , with about 470 recognized species, is classified in the family Crassulaceae of the order Saxifragales. Phylogenetic relationships within the Saxifragales are still unresolved and controversial. In this study, the plastome of was firstly presented, with a focus on the structural analysis of operon and phylogenetic implications within the order Saxifragaceae.

Characterization of deoxyribonucleic methylation and transcript abundance of sex-related genes during tempera ture-dependent sex determination in Mauremys reevesii†.

A number of genes relevant for sex determination have been found in species with temperature-dependent sex determination. Epigenetics play a key role in sex determination, but characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid methylation of sex-related genes on temperature-dependent sex determination remains unclear. Mauremys reevesii is a typical species with temperature-dependent sex determination.

Membrane metalloprotease TRABD2A restricts HIV-1 progeny production in resting CD4 T cells by degrading viral Gag polyprotein.

Resting CD4 T cells are highly resistant to the production of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, the mechanism by which resting CD4 T cells restrict such production in the late viral replication phase of infection has remained unclear. In this study, we found that the cell membrane metalloprotease TRAB domain-containing protein 2A (TRABD2A) inhibited this production in resting CD4 T cells by degrading the virion structural precursor polyprotein Gag at the plasma membrane.

Transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis of adult ovary and testis identify potential gonadal maintenance-related genes in with temperature-dependent sex determination.

is a classical organism with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Gonad development in early life has recently received considerable attention but gonadal maintenance after sex differentiation in turtles with TSD remains a mystery. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptomes for the adult testis and ovary using RNA-seq, and 36,221 transcripts were identified.

Detecting coevolution of positively selected in turtles sperm-egg fusion proteins.

Physically interacting sperm-egg proteins have been identified using gene-modified animals in some mammal species. Three proteins are essential for sperm-egg binding: Izumo1 on the sperm surface, and JUNO and CD9 on the egg surface. Most proteins linked to reproductive function evolve rapidly among species by positive selection, and have correlated evolutionary rates to compensate for changes on both the sperm and egg.

The Per-1 Short Isoform Inhibits de novo HIV-1 Transcription in Resting CD4+ T-cells.

Background: Understanding of the restriction of HIV-1 transcription in resting CD4+ Tcells is critical to find a cure for AIDS. Although many negative factors causing HIV-1 transcription blockage in resting CD4+ T-cells have been found, there are still unknown mechanisms to explore.

Objective: To explore the mechanism for the suppression of de novo HIV-1 transcription in resting CD4+ T-cells.

Single-molecule long-read transcriptome profiling of Platysternon megacephalum mitochondrial genome with gene rearrangement and control region duplication.

Platysternon megacephalum is the sole living representative of the poorly studied turtle lineage Platysternidae. Their mitochondrial genome has been subject to gene rearrangement and control region duplication, resulting in a unique mitochondrial gene order in vertebrates. In this study, we sequenced the first full-length turtle (P.