S100A4 Facilitates Radiation-Induced Tumor Repopulation by Driving Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells Budding.

Radiotherapy, a pivotal treatment for colorectal cancer, is compromised by tumor repopulation, which is characterized by accelerated growth and increased treatment resistance. Although radiation-induced DNA breaks eliminate most cells, a subset of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) evade death through massive genomic amplification, subsequently undergoing depolyploidization via a viral budding-like process to generate proliferative progeny. Critically, these PGCCs drive tumor repopulation and underpin therapeutic failure.

2',4'-dihydroxychalcone induces ferroptosis through ERO1A/GPX4 regulatory axis in cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) , an aggressive cancer often detected late, carries a grim prognosis. 2',4'-Dihydroxychalcone (2',4'-DHC), a flavonoid monomer isolated from Empetrum nigrum, has demonstrated notable anti-tumor activity in multiple cancer types. However, its therapeutic mechanism in cholangiocarcinoma remains poorly understood, especially regarding the regulation of ferroptosis, a mechanism that has not yet been fully elucidated in this disease.

A generalizable pathology foundation model using a unified knowledge distillation pretraining framework.

The generalization ability of foundation models in the field of computational pathology (CPath) is crucial for their clinical success. However, current foundation models have only been evaluated on a limited type and number of tasks, leaving their generalization ability unclear. We establish a comprehensive benchmark to evaluate the performance of off-the-shelf foundation models across six distinct clinical task types, encompassing a total of 72 specific tasks.

Prognostic value of left atrial strain analysis using cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking technology for patients with acute myocarditis.

Background: Acute myocarditis (AM) is induced by multiple factors, and its clinical symptoms and prognosis vary significantly. Existing diagnostic and prognostic assessment methods have certain limitations. Myocardial strain analysis based on cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) can detect myocardial damage in the subclinical stage, but studies on the correlation between left atrial (LA) strain and the prognosis of AM are relatively limited.

Block Compositions and Microstructure-Macroproperty Regulation of Biobased Long Carbon-Chain Polyamide Elastomers.

Long carbon-chain polyamide elastomers (LCPAEs), an emerging class of high-performance elastomers, have garnered widespread interest due to their excellent flexibility, exceptional low/high temperature resistance, and favorable physical and mechanical properties. In this work, we systematically investigated the influence of block compositions (relative content and molecular chain length of hard segment (HS) and soft segments (SS)) on the microstructural and macroscopic properties of the LCPAEs with gradient HS contents (ca. 20-70 wt.

Evaluation of the LAMP-IDE-AI platform for the detection of the HLA-B*15:02 allele in clinical application.

The HLA-B*15:02 allele is strongly associated with adverse drug reactions induced by aromatic antiseizure medications such as carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. Consequently, it is strongly recommended to test for the presence of the HLA-B*15:02 allele before prescribing these medications. Traditional HLA genotyping methods (e.

Changes in non-culprit coronary lesions with PCSK9 inhibitors: the randomised, placebo-controlled FITTER trial.

Background: Prolonged lipid-lowering therapy has demonstrated its ability to induce plaque regression and improve the plaque morphology of mild atherosclerotic lesions.

Aims: This trial aimed to assess the short-term effect of evolocumab in addition to high-intensity statin therapy (HIST) on relevant non-culprit coronary artery lesions using fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements and multimodality intracoronary imaging.

Methods: Patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and relevant multivessel disease were randomised to receive either evolocumab or placebo for 12 weeks in addition to HIST.

Modifiable Factors and 10-Year and Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With New-Onset Diabetes: The Kailuan Cohort Study.

Background: Adults with newly diagnosed diabetes are at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the extent to which optimizing modifiable lifestyle and clinical factors can mitigate this risk remains insufficiently assessed across both short- and long-term risk periods.

Methods: This study analyzed 12 222 participants from the Kailuan cohort (2006-2016) who developed new-onset diabetes and were free of baseline CVD.

Shaping attosecond pulses via high-order harmonic generation driven by two mixed Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beams.

Shaping the waveform of attosecond pulses is crucial for controlling electron dynamics and is typically achieved using a high-order harmonic generation (HHG) spectrum containing a minimum. Here, we propose a novel method for shaping attosecond pulses via HHG without carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), driven by two mixed Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beams with oppositely signed OAMs. We show that the waveform of an attosecond pulse train synthesized using low-divergent, non-vortical high harmonics in the far field can be significantly regulated; specifically, the number of emission bursts within half an optical cycle of the driving laser increases to five compared to one or two bursts in the previous studies.

Predicting antidepressant response via local-global graph neural network and neuroimaging biomarkers.

Depressed mood and anhedonia, the core symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), are linked to dysfunction in the brain's reward and emotion regulation circuits. To develop a predictive model for treatment remission in MDD based on pre-treatment neurocircuitry and clinical features. A total of 279 untreated MDD patients were analyzed, treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for 8-12 weeks, and assigned to training, internal validation, and external validation datasets.

Chronic effects of wildfire smoke and criteria air pollutants on cardiovascular hospitalization rates in the contiguous US.

Existing studies on the health effects of smoke fine particulate matters (PM), a primary emission from wildfires, have often lacked comparison with other air pollutants, focused primarily on acute exposures, and not applied causal methods. In the present study, we obtained county-level, three-year average cardiovascular hospitalization rates for Medicare beneficiaries across the contiguous US between 2006-2016 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These data were linked with spatio-temporal estimates of smoke PM, non-smoke PM, nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone, and county-level confounders.

Platycodon grandiflorum: A promising medicinal and food homologous plant for cigarette smoke-induced chronic bronchitis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), a medicinal food homologous plant, has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of airway diseases. However, the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of PG against chronic bronchitis (CB) remain poorly characterized. This study is the first to combine in vivo/in vitro component analysis, network pharmacology, and experimental validation to identify PG compounds with anti-CB activity.

Injectable composite microspheres/hydrogel membranes for Achilles tendon regeneration.

Tendon injury is a common condition with potential for disability. Severe injuries such as tendon rupture often require surgical suturing to restore their structure and function. The healing process of tendons is a critical factor affecting clinical outcomes; however, their poor blood supply and low cellular density limit self-regeneration capabilities.

Unveiling the role of PSD95 phosphorylation after traumatic brain injury: insights from phosphoproteomic analysis.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health problem. Pathophysiology of TBI remains unclear. Thus, methods of TBI treatment are limited.

Cell graph analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma: predicting local recurrence and identifying spatial relationship biomarkers.

A whole pathology section contains approximately 1,000,000 cells of various types, this large-scale heterogeneity of cells and non-cellular constituents constructs a mutually competitive community. Conventional pixel-based visual processing techniques are insufficient to accurately capture the complexities inherent with cell-entity deployment and formation strategy. Here, we conquered segmentation and classification of all cells on the whole pathology sections from 387 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients across six cohorts with 57 pathologists assisted.

Maltase 1 regulates DENV2 infection and life history in Aedes aegypti.

Aedes aegypti is a primary vector for many significant human pathogens. Maltase 1 (MAL1), a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, hydrolyzes maltose to release glucose, which participates in sugar metabolism. Currently, there are no studies on the involvement of MAL1 in the regulation of viral infections in arthropods.

Super-resolution femtosecond electron diffraction reveals electronic and nuclear dynamics at conical intersections.

Conical intersections play a pivotal role in excited-state quantum dynamics. Capturing transient molecular structures near conical intersections remains challenging due to the rapid timescales and subtle structural changes involved. We overcome this by combining the enhanced temporal resolution of mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction with a super-resolution real-space inversion algorithm, enabling visualization of nuclear and electronic motions at conical intersections with sub-angstrom resolution, surpassing the diffraction limit.

LLM-driven Medical Report Generation via Communication-efficient Heterogeneous Federated Learning.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in Medical Report Generation (MRG), yet their development requires large amounts of medical image-report pairs, which are commonly scattered across multiple centers. Centralizing these data is exceptionally challenging due to privacy regulations, thereby impeding model development and broader adoption of LLM-driven MRG models. To address this challenge, we present FedMRG, the first framework that leverages Federated Learning (FL) to enable privacy-preserving, multi-center development of LLM-driven MRG models, specifically designed to overcome the critical challenge of communication-efficient LLM training under multi-modal data heterogeneity.

[Protective effect of ethyl syringate against ulcerative colitis based on JAK2/STAT3 pathway].

To study the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of ethyl syringate(MD) on ulcerative colitis(UC), the MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation inhibition of RAW264.7 cells and HT-29 cells by different concentrations of MD(50, 100, 200, 400 μmol·L~(-1)). UC cell models were constructed by inducing RAW264.

Identification and gene mapping of mutant in rice.

The number of tillers, the number of grains per panicle and the weight of grains, which are interrelated, mutually restricted and mutually compensated. In addition, they mainly determine the grain yield per plant in rice; especially panicle number and grain number per panicle have a large negative correlation, so high yield can be obtained only in the case of coordinated development of all factors. Nevertheless, many of the modes that regulate rice grain number and grain size remain unexplained and require further study, owing to the complex regulatory modes within and among the pathways.

Orientation Controllable RCS Enhancement Electromagnetic Surface to Improve the Road Barriers Detectability for Autonomous Driving Radar.

An orientation controllable radar cross section (RCS) enhancement surface is presented in this paper, which can be used to improve the road pile detectability of on-board microwave radar for autonomous driving system. In addition, the RCS enhancement orientation can be controlled in a specified direction without interfering with other microwave systems. We first designed a modified one-dimensional VanAtta array with adjustable phase for retrodirective backtracking the incoming electromagnetic waves, which can achieve wide-angle RCS enhancement.

Targeting Cystine Metabolism in the Lung Cancer Environment Enhances the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.

Immunotherapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) has shown promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of lung cancer, the overall efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is only 20%-30%. Thus, more effective combination therapies are needed. This study finds that cystine and cysteine levels in tumor tissues of lung cancer patients are significantly higher than adjacent non-tumor tissues.

Mechanism by which hydrogen-rich water mitigates exercise-induced fatigue: activation of the immunoresponsive gene 1-itaconate/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway.

JOURNAL/mgres/04.03/01612956-202603000-00005/figure1/v/2025-06-28T140100Z/r/image-tiff Exercise-induced fatigue limits athletic performance. Molecular hydrogen is an effective treatment for relieving fatigue, but the exact mechanism is not clear.

Separation-of-Function Alleles of Reveal Domain-Specific Defects and a Conserved Residue Critical for Genome Maintenance.

The SMC-5/6 complex safeguards genome stability through the coordinated action of its core SMC proteins and associated NSE subunits. NSE-1 is a key component of the complex and is essential for DNA repair, yet it remains poorly characterized in . To further elucidate the functional mechanisms of NSE-1, we performed an EMS-based forward genetic screen in an reporter strain to identify mutants with defective NSE-1 expression or nuclear localization.

Advances in nanocarrier-mediated cancer therapy: Progress in immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

Cancer represents a major worldwide disease burden marked by escalating incidence and mortality. While therapeutic advances persist, developing safer and precisely targeted modalities remains imperative. Nanomedicines emerges as a transformative paradigm leveraging distinctive physicochemical properties to achieve tumor-specific drug delivery, controlled release, and tumor microenvironment modulation.