YOLO-ED: An efficient lung cancer detection model based on improved YOLOv8.

In recent years, You Only Look Once (YOLO) models have gradually been applied to medical image object detection tasks due to their good scalability and excellent generalization performance, bringing new perspectives and approaches to this field. However, existing models overlook the impact of numerous consecutive convolutions and the sampling blur caused by bilinear interpolation, resulting in excessive computational costs and insufficient precision in object detection. To address these problems, we propose a YOLOv8-based model using Efficient modulation and dynamic upsampling (YOLO-ED) to detect lung cancer in CT images.

Non-Direct Contact ECG Signal Classification Using a Hybrid Deep Learning Framework with Validation in Bedside Heart Rate Variability Analysis.

In recent years, the demand for smart healthcare solutions have heightened the need for accuracy, reliability, and comfort in bedside ECG recording and analysis. This study presents a bedside non-direct contact ECG recording system based on capacitive coupling electrocardiography (cECG) and verifies its performance in accurately capturing Heart Rate Variability (HRV) during the night. Firstly, cECG collects ECG data through clothing, avoiding skin irritation from conventional wet electrodes.

Combining Hypo-Reflective Structural En Face Imaging Improves Polypoidal Lesion Detection on Spectral-Domain OCT Angiography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify novel features on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA) that improve detection of polypoidal lesions in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Methods: In this prospective study, 22 eyes from 20 patients with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) confirmed PCV underwent same-day imaging with both SD-OCTA and swept-source OCTA (SS-OCTA). Images were independently reviewed, and blinded to ICGA and each other.

Phosphole-Based Fluorescent Biomaterials for Imaging and Therapy.

Phospholes are emerging as distinctive conjugated scaffolds for organic fluorescent materials owing to their unique structural characteristics that are different from many commonly studied heterocyclic frameworks. Recently, phosphole-derived skeletons have garnered significant attention as a remarkable electron-accepting moiety, which has achieved substantial advancements in the application of fluorescent biomaterials because of their physicochemical traits, especially in the aspects of stability and versatility. In this context, this review summarizes the progress in phosphole-based fluorescent biomaterials over the past decade (2015-2024).

Multi-Query Cross-Modal Attention Fusion for Cognitive Impairment Recognition.

Cognitive impairment is a common health issue among the elderly, posing significant challenges to society and healthcare resources. Early recognition is a critical strategy for preventing or delaying the onset of cognitive impairment, particularly in cognitive rehabilitation. However, achieving convenient and rapid assessment of cognitive impairment remains a significant challenge.

Dual-organelle targeted photosensitizer with AIE characteristics for triple-negative breast cancer photodynamic therapy via apoptosis and immunogenic cell death.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly malignant breast cancer with a high metastasis rate, weak targeted therapy effect, and short patient survival period. Current treatments have significant limitations, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapies to alleviate patient suffering. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising antitumor strategy by inducing apoptosis and immune responses through the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Ternary Copolymers Incorporating Tunable Conjugated Donors for Near-Infrared II Fluorescence Imaging and Photothermal Therapy.

The near-infrared second window (NIR-II) offers excellent spatial resolution and tissue penetration, drawing attention to NIR-II laser-excited photothermal therapy (PTT) and NIR-II fluorescence imaging. However, integrating these two applications poses challenges due to safe laser power and reagent dosage constraints. To overcome these issues, we proposed modifying the ternary copolymer backbone by substituting 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene (DTC) with 4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IDT), enabling a transition from a photothermal to a fluorescence agent.

The Discovery of C7-Substituted Norbornyl Bisamides as RXFP1 Small Molecule Agonists.

Human relaxin-2 (relaxin, H2-RLX, RLN2), an endogenous hormone associated with mammalian pregnancy, and its cognate receptor relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) have been implicated as important modulators of cardiovascular function and agonism of RXFP1 may potentially be utilized for the treatment of heart failure. Exploration of chemical space around previously reported anthranilamide led to the discovery of lead compound with significantly improved agonist activities toward human and rodent RXFP1. Compound induced a dose-dependent heart rate increase in isoflurane-anesthetized naïve rats, which is consistent with the hemodynamic profile of relaxin in rat.

Reproducible Transpalpebral Intraocular Pressure Sensing Enabled by Low-Energy-Barrier Ion Pumping.

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for blindness in glaucoma patients, highlighting the critical need for continuous IOP monitoring. While traditional transpalpebral tonometers (TTs) circumvent corneal contact by adopting Goldmann applanation principles through impulsive corneal flattening forces, their measurement accuracy is inherently compromised by eyelid-induced cushion effects. In contrast, parallel-plate capacitive sensors employ constant compressive loading upon the eyelid, achieving palpebral compaction to mitigate the cushion effects.

Highly Stable and Integrable Graphene/Molybdenum Disulfide Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistor-Based miRNA Biosensor.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important noncoding RNA molecules that participate in gene regulation and are widely associated with the occurrence and development of various cancers. Developing rapid, highly sensitive, low-cost, and highly stable miRNA detection methods is of great significance for clinical diagnosis. Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have been proven to have great potential in the field of miRNA detection due to their label-free, rapid, highly sensitive, low-power, and portable features.

The Relationship Between Commuting Stress and Nurses' Well-Being: Considering Gender Differences.

This research explores how and why commuting stress influences Chinese nurses' well-being. A daily work commute may result in a significant psychological risk factor that can lead to harmful physiological and mental health consequences. Emerging research indicates that nurses experience long-lasting negative effects on their mental health, including burnout, due to the stress of a daily work commute.

Coalescence of multiple pairs of levitated droplets using dual-side phased arrays.

Acoustic levitation in air and contactless coalescence of levitated droplets using acoustic forces are of great significance to chemical and biological reactions. The state-of-the-art is levitation and coalescence of 3 pairs of droplets achieved via dual-side phased arrays. However, there are no reports on the general design principles for manipulation and coalescence of > 3 pairs of droplets.

BiTS-SleepNet: An Attention-Based Two Stage Temporal-Spectral Fusion Model for Sleep Staging With Single-Channel EEG.

Automated sleep staging is crucial for assessing sleep quality and diagnosing sleep-related diseases. Single-channel EEG has attracted significant attention due to its portability and accessibility. Most existing automated sleep staging methods often emphasize temporal information and neglect spectral information, the relationship between sleep stage contextual features, and transition rules between sleep stages.

Origin and Key Enrichment Factors of Helium Resource in the Lower Yangtze Region, Eastern China.

Helium is a critical, scarce, and strategic resource, often found in association with natural gas. This study reports the first discovery of overpressured helium-rich natural gas in the Lower Yangtze Region of Eastern China, with helium concentrations reaching as high as 4.5%, significantly surpassing the commercial extraction threshold of 0.

Black phosphorus nanosheets encapsulated microneedle for multifunctional therapy for androgenic alopecia.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a chronic and progressive disease, significantly impacts the patients' social, emotional, and mental well-being. Current treatment for AGA are mainly limited by drug side effects and the stratum corneum (SC) barrier of scalp.

Results: To address these issues, we developed a microneedle (MN) system loaded with black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) encapsulating baicalin (BA), a natural ingredient, for effective treatment of AGA.

[The joint analysis of heart health and mental health based on continual learning].

Cardiovascular diseases and psychological disorders represent two major threats to human physical and mental health. Research on electrocardiogram (ECG) signals offers valuable opportunities to address these issues. However, existing methods are constrained by limitations in understanding ECG features and transferring knowledge across tasks.

Lab-in-Cell: A Covalent Photosensitizer Reverses Hypoxia and Evokes Ferroptosis and Pyroptosis for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity.

Photodynamic immunotherapy presents a non-invasive strategy characterized by spatiotemporal control and minimal side effects to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). This approach significantly enhances the release of tumor-associated antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby improving cancer immunotherapy outcomes. However, hypoxia and antioxidant defenses at tumor sites considerably diminish the efficacy of photodynamic immunotherapy.

Hyperreflective Foci Along the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Predict the Onset of Large Choroidal Hypertransmission Defects in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: In eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD), we separately quantified the hyperreflective foci (HRF) along the retinal pigment epithelium (rpeHRF) and the intraretinal HRF (iHRF) to determine if the location of the HRF predicted the progression from iAMD to the onset of large persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects (hyperTDs).

Design: Post hoc subgroup cohort analysis of a prospective study.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospective natural history database of eyes with AMD imaged using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Artificial intelligence driven Mid-IR photoimaging device based on van der Waals heterojunctions of black phosphorus.

Mid-infrared (Mid-IR) photodetection and imaging are pivotal across diverse applications, including remote sensing, communication, and spectral analysis. Among these, single-pixel imaging technology is distinguished by its exceptional sensitivity, high resolution attainable through the sampling system, and economic efficiency. The quality of single-pixel imaging primarily depends on the performance of the photodetector and the sampling system.

Improving sepsis mortality prediction with machine learning: A comparative study of advanced classifiers and performance metrics.

Background: High sepsis mortality rates pose a serious global health problem. Machine learning is a promising technique with the potential to improve mortality prediction for this disease in an accurate and timely manner.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a model capable of rapidly and accurately predicting sepsis mortality using data that can be quickly obtained in an ambulance, with a focus on practical application during ambulance transport.

All-Fiber Micro-Ring Resonator Based p-Si/n-ITO Heterojunction Electro-Optic Modulator.

With the rapid advancement of information technology, the data demands in transmission rates, processing speed, and storage capacity have been increasing significantly. However, silicon electro-optic modulators, characterized by their weak electro-optic effect, struggle to balance modulation efficiency and bandwidth. To overcome this limitation, we propose an electro-optic modulator based on an all-fiber micro-ring resonator and a p-Si/n-ITO heterojunction, achieving high modulation efficiency and large bandwidth.

Macular Atrophy in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Topic: Macular atrophy incidence in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients undergoing anti-VEGF treatment.

Clinical Relevance: Macular atrophy is a significant event that may occur in eyes with neovascular AMD treated with anti-VEGF therapy.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO, CRD42024474924).

Development of a Buchwald-Hartwig Amination for an Accelerated Library Synthesis of Cereblon Binders.

In recent years, targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a powerful therapeutic modality utilizing both heterobifunctional ligand-directed degraders (LDDs) and molecular glues (e.g., CELMoDs) to recruit E3 ligases for inducing polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.

Comparison between Spectral-domain and Swept-source OCT Angiography Scans for the Measurement of Hyperreflective Foci in Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Spectral-domain OCT angiography (SD-OCTA) scans were used in an algorithm developed for swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) scans to determine if SD-OCTA scans yielded similar results for the measurement of hyperreflective foci (HRF) in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD).

Design: Retrospective study.

Participants: Forty eyes from 35 patients with iAMD.

Molecular design of ternary copolymers with high photothermal performance in the near-infrared window for effective treatment of gliomas in vivo.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising approach for treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with minimal invasiveness and favorable outcomes. Conjugated polymers as photothermal agents offer stability, biocompatibility, and adjustable absorption capacity. However, existing polymers face limitations in achieving high photothermal conversion efficiency and strong absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region, posing a risk of damaging healthy tissues surrounding GBM during precise PTT.