A Porcine Model of Laparoscopic Intersphincteric Resection for Ultra-Low Rectal Cancer.

Objective: To develop a porcine model for laparoscopic intersphincteric resection (ISR) targeting ultra-low rectal cancer.

Methods: Six Bama mini-pigs underwent a standard laparoscopic ISR procedure: (1) Ligation and transection of the inferior mesenteric vessels; (2) Exposure and sparing of the pelvic autonomic nerves; (3) Dissection of the rectum; (4) Dissection and transection of hiatal ligament and rectourethralis muscle; (5) Transanal dissection of the anal canal; (6) Dissection of the intersphincteric space (ISS); (7) End-to-end handsewn coloanal anastomosis (CAA). Pathological evaluations were conducted to ascertain the precision of the ISR.

Visceral adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles promote stress susceptibility in obese mice via miR-140-5p.

Obesity increases the risk of depression. Evidence shows that peripheral inflammation, glycemic dysregulation, and hyperactivity within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are implicated in both obesity and depression. In this study we investigated the impact of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), a crucial characteristic of obesity, on stress susceptibility in obese mice.

The marine-derived compound TAG alleviates Parkinson's disease by restoring RUBCN-mediated lipid metabolism homeostasis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and its prevalence is increasing. Currently, no effective therapies for PD exist. Marine-derived natural compounds are considered important resources for the discovery of new drugs due to their distinctive structures and diverse activities.

Assessing Severity of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome After Intersphincteric Resection for Ultralow Rectal Cancer: A Pilot Study Using an Exploratory Instrument.

Background: The Delphi consensus identified 8 symptoms and 8 consequences as the highest priorities for defining low anterior resection syndrome.

Objective: To describe an exploratory scoring instrument correlating the Delphi consensus on low anterior resection syndrome with functional and quality-of-life scores following intersphincteric resection for ultralow rectal cancer.

Design: This was a prospective pilot study.

Conformal sphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer located below the dentate line: A pilot report.

Aim: Sphincter-sparing surgery can be achieved in most cases of low rectal cancer with the development of intersphincteric resection. However, abdominoperineal resection is still inevitable for patients with tumours located below the dentate line. To address this, we have developed a procedure called conformal sphincteric resection (CSR) in which the corresponding part of the subcutaneous portion of the external anal sphincter and the perianal skin on the tumour side is removed to achieve a safe distal resection margin and lateral resection margin while the dentate line and the internal anal sphincter on the tumour-free side are preserved as much as possible, to achieve sphincter preservation without compromising oncological safety and functional acceptability, and to render tumour location no longer a contraindication for sphincter-sparing surgery.

Quality of Life and Functional Outcomes After Intersphincteric Resection for Ultralow Rectal Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Intersphincteric resection is the ultimate sphincter-preserving surgical technique for ultralow rectal cancer, but quality-of-life changes after surgery remain unclear. It is also unknown which questionnaire has better associations with functional results for capturing clinical variation in quality of life.

Objective: This study aimed to assess change in the quality of life and its correlation with functional outcomes among patients undergoing intersphincteric resection for ultralow rectal cancer.

Neuroprotective effects of a lead compound from coral via modulation of the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1.

Aims: To screen coral-derived compounds with neuroprotective activity and clarify the potential mechanism of lead compounds.

Methods: The lead compounds with neuroprotective effects were screened by H O and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPP )-induced cell damage models in SH-SY5Y cells. CCK8 and LDH assays were used to detect cell viability.

Taxonomical clarification of Tetrix gibberosa (Wang amp; Zheng), a high-backed pygmy grasshopper species from eastern PR China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae).

Tetrix gibberosa (Wang Zheng) is a high-backed pygmy grasshopper species from eastern PR China. Due to its reduced hind wings and pleomorphism (length changes of hind wings and the hind pronotal process, which is generally called macropterous and brachypterous morphs), the species have been described into different species which involve several taxonomically confused genera. This study clarifies its taxonomy and distribution and provides ecological information for the species.

Cumulative Incidence and Risk Factors of Permanent Stoma After Intersphincteric Resection for Ultralow Rectal Cancer.

Background: A permanent stoma is an unintended consequence that cannot be avoided completely after intersphincteric resection for ultralow rectal cancer. Unfortunately, its incidence and risk factors have been poorly defined.

Objective: The objective was to determine the cumulative incidence and risk factors of permanent stoma after intersphincteric resection for ultralow rectal cancer.

Critical Review of Synthesis, Toxicology and Detection of Acyclovir.

Acyclovir (ACV) is an effective and selective antiviral drug, and the study of its toxicology and the use of appropriate detection techniques to control its toxicity at safe levels are extremely important for medicine efforts and human health. This review discusses the mechanism driving ACV's ability to inhibit viral coding, starting from its development and pharmacology. A comprehensive summary of the existing preparation methods and synthetic materials, such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, guanine and its derivatives, and other purine derivatives, is presented to elucidate the preparation of ACV in detail.

Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang amp; Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae).

The genus Phaesticus Uvarov, 1940 is revised here with updated generic characteristics and a key to the species. New synonyms and a new combination are proposed: 1) Phaesticus Uvarov, 1940 = Flatocerus Liang Zheng, 1984 syn. nov.

Novel taxa and species diversity of sensu lato (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) developing on wireworms (Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea, Coleoptera).

Species of sensu lato (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) have always attracted much scientific attention for their abundant species diversity, important medicinal values and biological control applications. The insect superfamilies Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea are two large groups of Coleoptera and their larvae are generally called wireworms. Most wireworms inhabit humid soil or fallen wood and are often infected with s.

Astrocytic Kir6.1 deletion aggravates neurodegeneration in the lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease via astrocyte-neuron cross talk through complement C3-C3R signaling.

Complement pathway over-activation has been implicated in a variety of neurological diseases. However, the signaling pathways governing astrocytic complement activation in Parkinson's disease (PD) are poorly understood. Kir6.

β-arrestin 2 is essential for fluoxetine-mediated promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of depression.

Over the last decade, the roles of β-arrestins in the treatment of neuropsychological diseases have become increasingly appreciated. Fluoxetine is the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor developed and is approved for the clinical treatment of depression. Emerging evidence suggests that fluoxetine can directly combine with the 5-HT receptor, which is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, in addition to suppressing the serotonin transporter.

Complete mitochondrial genome of and its phylogenetic position in the family Tortricidae.

Diakonoff, 1950 belongs to the Tortricidae of Lepidoptera, distributed in China and Japan. Its mitochondrial genome is 15,344 bp in size, containing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes) and a non-coding A + T-rich region. In the 37 genes, 14 genes are located on the minority-strand (N-strand) with the remaining genes on the majority-strand (J-strand).

Variation in rectoanal inhibitory reflex after laparoscopic intersphincteric resection for ultralow rectal cancer.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the physiological variation in rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) after laparoscopic intersphincteric resection (Lap-ISR) for ultralow rectal cancer.

Method: This was a retrospective study that included 56 patients who underwent Lap-ISR from a prospectively collected database. The RAIR was examined preoperatively and up to 12 months after ileostomy closure.

Two new species of the genus Tinkham, 1937 (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae) from Guizhou and Chongqing, PR China.

Two new pygmy grasshopper species are described from PR China and are assigned to Tinkham, 1937, a large Asian tetrigin genus composed of species with reduced tegmina and hind wings: Zha & Ding, from Guizhou and Zha & Ding, from Chongqing. We provide descriptions of morphology and habit, supplemented with photographs. Flying organs of the genus are discussed and the genus is compared with other Asian genera with reduced flying organs, such as Zheng, 1994 and Liang, 1993 in Tetriginae, Hancock, 1904, Hancock, 1907 and Zheng, 1995 in Cladonotinae, and Zheng, Wei & Jiang, 2005 and Zheng, Li & Lin, 2012 in Metrodorinae.

Astragaloside IV inhibits astrocyte senescence: implication in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Senescent astrocytes have been implicated in the aging brain and neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is an antioxidant derivative from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Astragalus membraneaceus Bunge and exerts anti-inflammatory and longevity effects and neuroprotective activities. However, its effect on astrocyte senescence in PD remains to be defined.

The pore-forming subunit Kir6.1 of the K-ATP channel negatively regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome to control insulin resistance by interacting with NLRP3.

Excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a key component contributing to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activation and regulation remain poorly defined. The objective of this study was to explore the possible function of the K channel pore-forming subunit Kir6.

Kir6.1/K-ATP channel on astrocytes protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease via promoting mitophagy.

ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels, coupling cell metabolism to cell membrane potential, are involved in brain diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Kir6.1, a pore-forming subunit of K-ATP channel, is prominently expressed in astrocytes and participates in regulating its function.

Establishment and evaluation of a novel mouse model of peri/postmenopausal depression.

Women are believed to be more vulnerable to develop depressive symptoms during the perimenopause compared to postmenopause. The traditional bilateral ovariectomy and chronic mild stress (CMS) stimulation animal model produces a postmenopausal depressive-like state but the transition from perimenopausal period to postmenopausal period was ignored. Thus we establish a novel animal model in which the mice were stimulated by CMS for three months and removed the ovaries by two-step operation, and then evaluate whether this novel model could be much better for preclinical study used as a peri/postmenopause depressive model.

Astrocyte-specific deletion of Kir6.1/K-ATP channel aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice.

ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels, coupling cell metabolism to cell membrane potential, are involved in brain diseases including stroke. Emerging evidence shows that astrocytes play important roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Kir6.

α-Synuclein disrupts the anti-inflammatory role of Drd2 via interfering β-arrestin2-TAB1 interaction in astrocytes.

Background: α-Synuclein (α-Syn)-induced neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2) has been regarded as a potential anti-inflammatory target in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect of astrocytic Drd2 in α-Syn-induced neuroinflammation remains unclear.

Early Urinary Dysfunction after Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery: Does Surgeons' Learning Curve Matter?

Poor early urinary outcomes after laparoscopy were reported in studies comparing laparoscopic versus open rectal cancer surgery. One possible explanation was that these studies might include a number of patients on the laparoscopic surgeons' learning curve. This study aims to evaluate whether the learning curve of laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery influences early postoperative urinary dysfunction.