HMGB2 regulates pyroptosis of smooth muscle cells in aortic dissection by modulating ROS-TLR4-NF-κB pathway.

Background And Aims: Inflammatory processes are closely associated with the pathogenesis of aortic dissection (AD). Pyroptosis, a caspase-dependent programmed cell death mechanism, plays a pivotal role in amplifying inflammatory cascades. High-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2), a pro-inflammatory mediator released by immune cells, has emerged as a critical regulator in cardiovascular pathologies.

Ursodeoxycholic acid alleviates aortic aneurysm and dissection through the intestinal farnesoid X receptor/ceramide synthase 2 axis.

Aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) are severe cardiovascular conditions that carry significant risks and currently lack an effective treatment. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can delay the onset of various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, it remains unclear whether UDCA can delay the onset of AAD.

Shaping Peptide Assemblies Using Multifaceted Cyclic Tectons.

Constructing distinct biomacromolecular assemblies typically necessitates target-specific selection and engineering of building blocks alongside optimization of assembly conditions. The challenge lies in achieving diverse morphological outcomes using simple, shared modules under identical conditions, a hallmark of natural systems that remains elusive in synthetic approaches. Here, we present a molecular scaffold-based strategy to instruct the coassembly of the same set of peptides into a variety of nanostructures across multiple dimensions.

CXCL2 Mediates Lactate Secretion and Promotes Aortic Dissection Formation through the p38/JNK/C-myc Pathways.

Aortic dissection (AD) is a critical cardiovascular condition with high mortality risk, and elevated lactate levels are linked to increased postoperative mortality in AD patients. CXCL2 is recognized for its significant involvement in cardiovascular pathologies. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which CXCL2 regulates lactate levels in AD remain to be fully elucidated.

High-Performance Atomic-Layer-Deposited Dual-Gate InGaO Thin-Film Transistors.

Amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) have attracted considerable attention because of their high carrier density, low thermal budget, and large bandgap. However, the high electron density in AOSs hinders their ability to turn off effectively, resulting in a trade-off between the threshold voltage () and mobility (μ). In this work, we report high-performance dual-gate (DG) indium gallium oxide (IGO) TFTs utilizing localized O treatment to effectively passivate the oxygen vacancies (V) in the channel region of IGO TFTs, thereby achieving a positive and high mobility.

Pulmonary mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in Lethal Stx12 knockout mice.

STX12 (syntaxin12 or syntaxin13), a member of the SNARE protein family, plays a crucial role in intracellular vesicle transport and membrane fusion. Our previous research demonstrated that Stx12 knockout mice exhibit perinatal lethality with iron deficiency anemia. Despite its importance, the comprehensive physiological and pathological mechanism of STX12 remains largely unknown.

Amorphous-microcrystalline heterostructured high-entropy oxysulfide/cerium oxide with strong electronic communication to boost water/simulated seawater splitting.

Exploring bifunctional transition metal-based oxysulfide with high activities, corrosion resistance and reaction selectivity is a promising strategy to realize efficient water/seawater splitting. Here, amorphous, high entropy and heterostructure strategies are coupled to construct the amorphous-microcrystalline heterostructured high-entropy oxysulfide/cerium oxide (a-NiCoFeOS/c-CeO) by one-step intermittent electrodeposition. With the strong interfacial electronic communication, a-NiCoFeOS/c-CeO shows high bifunctional activities with low overpotentials for hydrogen evolution reaction (47/63 mV) and oxygen evolution reaction (216/220 mV) at 10 mA cm in alkaline water/simulated seawater, respectively.

Method for In Situ On-Wafer Tensile Test of Thin Films.

This study addresses the need for a mechanical property characterization of films during Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) processing by proposing a novel in situ on-wafer tensile strength testing method for film materials. This method integrates the film specimen with a bulk silicon test structure during fabrication, allowing for tensile strength measurements with a resolution of 0.05 MPa using only a probe and optical microscope.

Targeting high mobility group protein B2 exerts antiproliferative effects in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by modulating miR-21.

Objective: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by excessive vascular cell proliferation, leading to vascular remodeling. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular cell proliferation in the context of HMGB2 and its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of PH.

Methods: Animals and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were exposed to hypoxia.

Targeting the S100A9/P38 MAPK/HSPB1 axis as a novel approach for aortic dissection therapy.

Introduction: Aortic dissection (AD) is caused by inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation processes, in which S100A9, a proinflammatory protein, may play a role. This study explored the role S100A9/P38 MAPK/HSPB1 signaling axis in AD pathogenesis and the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway.

Methods: S100A9 expression in the aortic tissues of patients with AD/healthy controls were analyzed using bioinformatics, ELISA, qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry.

HMGB2 promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation through PPAR-γ/PGC-1α pathway-mediated glucose changes in aortic dissection.

Background And Aims: Aortic dissection (AD) is a fatal condition with a complicated pathogenesis. High mobility group protein B2 (HMGB2) is a member of the high mobility group protein family; HMGB2 is involved in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases, but its role in AD remains unclear.

Methods: HMGB2 mice were generated and treated with β-aminopropionitrile and angiotensin II (Ang II) to establish an AD model.

Construction of induced pluripotent stem cell line (CSBZZUi002-A) from the fibroblast cells of a healthy female.

We recruited a healthy 44-year-old female and obtained her skin fibroblasts. Subsequently, the induced pluripotent stem cell line was successfully established using non-integrated reprogramming technology. The cell line had a normal karyotype and has been confirmed to have good pluripotency through the detection of pluripotency markers and detection of teratoma formation.

Development of a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum oral vaccine expressing VP2 protein for preventing feline panleukopenia virus.

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) represents a significant health threat to the kittens. While traditional vaccines administered via subcutaneous or intramuscular injection are effective, they can induce stress and adverse reactions. Moreover, unvaccinated kittens visiting veterinary clinics risk exposure to FPV, increasing their susceptibility to infection.

Identification of potential therapeutic targets from bioinformatics analysis of necroptosis and immune infiltration in acute myocardial infarction.

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious, deadly disease with a high incidence. However, it remains unclear how necroptosis affects the pathophysiology of AMI. Using bioinformatic analyses, this study investigated necroptosis in AMI.

Effect of biochar addition on the anaerobic digestion of food waste: microbial community structure and methanogenic pathways.

This study assessed the effects of the addition of biochar prepared at 700 °C with different dosages on the anaerobic digestion of food waste. The biochar addition at a concentration of 10.0 g/L increased the cumulative methane yield by 128%, and daily methane production was also significantly promoted.

Fucoidan modulates gut microbiota and immunity in Peyer's patches against inflammatory bowel disease.

Although fucoidan has potential use as an anti-inflammatory agent, the specific mechanisms by which it influences signaling and immunomodulatory pathways between gut microbiota and Peyer's patches remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of fucoidan in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by examining the effects on gut microbiota and the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Purified fucoidan, which upon characterization revealed structural fragments comprising →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-L-Fucp-(1→, and →3)-α-L-Fucp-(1→ residues with a sulfation at position C2 was used.

Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (CSBZZUi001-A) from a female Alzheimer's patient carrying the PSEN1 709 T > C heterozygous mutation.

Pluripotent stem cells were generated through the electroporation of episomal plasmids, containing crucial reprogramming factors, into skin fibroblasts extracted from a female Alzheimer's patient harboring the PSEN1 709 T > C (p.Phe237Leu) heterozygous mutation. The pluripotent stem cells exhibit a normal karyotype and express pivotal stem cell markers including TRA-1-60, Nanog, SOX2, and OCT4.

A new online detection method of tobacco impurities for tobacco robot.

In the tobacco industry, impurity detection is an important prerequisite for ensuring the quality of tobacco. However, in the actual production process, the complex background environment and the variability of impurity shapes can affect the accuracy of impurity detection by tobacco robots, which leads to a decrease in product quality and an increase in health risks. To address this problem, we propose a new online detection method of tobacco impurities for tobacco robot.

Biological Characteristics of Feline Calicivirus Epidemic Strains in China and Screening of Broad-Spectrum Protective Vaccine Strains.

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is one of the most important pathogens causing upper respiratory tract diseases in cats, posing a serious health threat to these animals. At present, FCV is mainly prevented through vaccination, but the protective efficacy of vaccines in China is limited. In this study, based on the differences in capsid proteins of isolates from different regions in China, as reported in our previous studies, seven representative FCV epidemic strains were selected and tested for their viral titers, virulence, immunogenicity, and extensive cross-protection.

Soil microorganisms and methane emissions in response to short-term warming field incubation in Svalbard.

Introduction: Global warming is caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs). It has been found that the release of methane (CH) from Arctic permafrost, soil, ocean, and sediment is closely related to microbial composition and soil factors resulting from warming over several months or years. However, it is unclear for how long continuous warming due to global warming affects the microbial composition and GHG release from soils along Arctic glacial meltwater rivers.

Ultra-flat multicarrier light source based on recirculating frequency shift loop driven by a parity-time symmetric optoelectronic oscillator.

A multicarrier light source based on a recirculating frequency shift loop (RFSL) driven by a parity-time (PT)-symmetric optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The impact of the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of the radio frequency (RF) signal on the multicarrier is studied for the first time, to our knowledge. The RFSL driven by PT-symmetric OEO significantly optimizes the phase noise and flatness of the multicarrier, facilitating the system miniaturization.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.

Objectives: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy can be used to treat early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer; however, their effects on pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas (LELC) remain unclear.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine patients with stages I-III LELC were treated with chemotherapy (Chemo) or neoadjuvant immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with or without chemo (IO) before radical-intent surgery. Short-term outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), major pathologic response (MPR), pathologic complete response (PCR), and event-free survival.

Blocking coprophagy increases the levels of inflammation and depression in healthy mice as well as mice receiving fecal microbiota transplantation from disease model mice donors.

Rodents have been extensively used as animal models in microbiome studies. However, all rodents have a habitual nature called coprophagy, a phenomenon that they self-reinoculate feces into their gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shown that blocking coprophagy can alter rodents' diversity of gut microbiota, metabolism, neurochemistry, and cognitive behavior.

Measurement and multiplexing of ultra-low duty cycle Nyquist pulse sequences.

In this paper, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method to our knowledge for generating and accurately measuring Nyquist pulse sequences with an ultra-low duty cycle of only 0.037, which breaks the limitations caused by the noise and bandwidth of the optical sampling oscilloscope (OSO) by using a narrow-bandwidth real-time oscilloscope (OSC) and an electrical spectrum analyzer (ESA). By this method, it is found that the bias point drift of the dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) is the main cause of the distortion of the waveform.