Fibrinogen is the key factor associated with tremor relief and recurrence after magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is safe and effective for tremor disorders such as essential tremor (ET), but whether preoperative serum profiles mediate tremor recurrence after treatment requires further investigation.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 59 ET patients who underwent unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy during 2018-2020. Tremor severity was assessed off-medication using the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST), with contralateral hand tremor measured via a derived CRST subscale.

Structural MRI-based Computer-aided Diagnosis Models for Alzheimer Disease: Insights into Misclassifications and Diagnostic Limitations.

Purpose To examine common patterns among different computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) models for Alzheimer's disease (AD) using structural MRI data and to characterize the clinical and imaging features associated with their misclassifications. Materials and Methods This retrospective study utilized 3258 baseline structural MRIs from five multisite datasets and two multidisease datasets collected between September 2005 and December 2019. The 3D Nested Hierarchical Transformer (3DNesT) model and other CAD techniques were utilized for AD classification using 10-fold cross-validation and cross-dataset validation.

Convergent Neuroimaging and Molecular Signatures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Data-Driven Meta-Analysis with N = 3,118.

The current study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to regional brain atrophy and its biological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We conducted data-driven meta-analyses to combine 3,118 structural magnetic resonance images from three datasets to obtain robust atrophy patterns. Then we introduced a set of radiogenomic analyses to investigate the biological basis of the atrophy patterns in AD.

Profiling functional networks identify activation of corticostriatal connectivity in ET patients after MRgFUS thalamotomy.

Background: MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is a novel and effective treatment for medication-refractory tremor in essential tremor (ET), but how the brain responds to this deliberate lesion is not clear.

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the immediate and longitudinal alterations of functional networks after MRgFUS thalamotomy.

Methods: We retrospectively obtained preoperative and postoperative 30-day, 90-day, and 180-day data of 31 ET patients subjected with MRgFUS thalamotomy from 2018 to 2020.

Tumor characteristics, brain functional activity, and connectivity of tinnitus in patients with vestibular schwannoma: a pilot study.

Background: The mechanism underlying tinnitus remains unclear, and when it coexists with vestibular schwannoma (VS), it can significantly diminish the quality of life for affected patients. This study aimed to determine the correlation between preoperative clinical characteristics of VS, postoperative changes in brain function, and tinnitus in patients with VS through a cohort study.

Methods: We collected data from 80 patients with VS preoperatively and 28 patients with VS preoperatively and postoperatively, and recruited 28 healthy controls.

Genetic screen identified PRMT5 as a neuroprotection target against cerebral ischemia.

Epigenetic regulators present novel opportunities for both ischemic stroke research and therapeutic interventions. While previous work has implicated that they may provide neuroprotection by potentially influencing coordinated sets of genes and pathways, most of them remain largely uncharacterized in ischemic conditions. In this study, we used the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in the immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT-22 and carried out an RNAi screen on epigenetic regulators.

Disrupted topological properties of structural brain networks present a glutamatergic neuropathophysiology in people with narcolepsy.

Study Objectives: Growing evidences have documented various abnormalities of the white matter bundles in people with narcolepsy. We sought to evaluate topological properties of brain structural networks, and their association with symptoms and neuropathophysiological features in people with narcolepsy.

Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging was conducted for people with narcolepsy (n = 30) and matched healthy controls as well as symptoms assessment.

Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy Rebalances Atypical Functional Hierarchy in Patients with Essential Tremor.

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has brought thalamotomy back to the frontline for essential tremor (ET). As functional organization of human brain strictly follows hierarchical principles which are frequently deficient in neurological diseases, whether additional damage from MRgFUS thalamotomy induces further disruptions of ET functional scaffolds are still controversial. This study was to examine the alteration features of brain functional frameworks following MRgFUS thalamotomy in patients with ET.

Multi-frequency therapeutic ultrasound: A review.

Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, radiation-free and real-time therapeutic approach to treat deep-seated targets, which benefits numerous diseases otherwise requiring surgeries. Treatment efficiency is one of the key factors determining therapeutic outcomes, but improving it solely by increasing the total power can be limited by the performance of general ultrasound devices. To address this, multi-frequency therapeutic ultrasound, using additional ultrasound waves of different frequencies on top of the standard single-frequency wave, provides a promising method for treatment efficiency enhancement with limited power.

Corrigendum: Atypical functional hierarchy contributed to the tinnitus symptoms in patients with vestibular schwannoma.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.

Alteration of White Matter Connectivity for MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Essential Tremor.

Background: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy has been implemented as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of drug-refractory essential tremor (ET). However, its impact on the brain structural network is still unclear.

Purpose: To investigate both global and local alterations of the white matter (WM) connectivity network in ET after MRgFUS thalamotomy.

Gray matter alterations in tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease after MRgFUS thalamotomy are correlated with tremor improvement: a pilot study.

Background: Regional differences in gray matter volume (GMV) have been reported to be a reliable marker for diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to explore the clinical value of GMV to assess magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy as a treatment for tremor-dominant PD (TDPD).

Methods: Nine TDPD patients with MRgFUS thalamotomy were recruited for structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanning and clinical score evaluation.

Coupling of the spatial distributions between sMRI and PET reveals the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and altered brain structure are the most relevant neuroimaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their spatial inconsistency was always confusing and misleading. Furthermore, the relationship between this spatial inconsistency and AD progression is unclear.

Nomogram for predicting the risk of postoperative myasthenic crisis in patients with thymectomy.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate internally a clinical predictive model, for predicting myasthenic crisis within 30 days after thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Methods: Eligible patients were enrolled between January 2015 and May 2019. The primary outcome measure was postoperative myasthenic crisis (POMC).

Atypical functional hierarchy contributed to the tinnitus symptoms in patients with vestibular schwannoma.

Objective: Tinnitus is frequently found in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS), but its underlying mechanisms are currently unclear.

Methods: Both preoperative (VS ) and postoperative (VS ) functional MR images were collected from 32 patients with unilateral VS and matched healthy controls (HCs). Connectome gradients were generated for the identification of altered regions and perturbed gradient distances.

Assessing the impact of MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy on brain activity and connectivity in patients with essential tremor.

Objective: Although magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) at the ventral intermediate (VIM) thalamic nucleus is a novel and effective treatment for medication-refractory essential tremor (ET), it is unclear how the ablation lesion affects functional activity. The current study sought to evaluate the functional impact of MRgFUS thalamotomy in patients with ET, as well as to investigate the relationship between neuronal activity changes and tremor control.

Methods: This study included 30 patients with ET who underwent MRgFUS thalamotomy with a 6-month follow-up involving MRI and clinical tremor rating.

Treatment-Specific Network Modulation of MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy in Essential Tremor : Modulation of ET-Related Network by MRgFUS Thalamotomy.

MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is a novel, effective, and non-invasive treatment for essential tremor (ET). However, the network mediating MRgFUS in treating ET is not precisely known. This study aimed to identify the disease-specific network associated with the therapeutic effects of MRgFUS thalamotomy on ET and investigate its regional characteristics and genetic signatures to gain insights into the neurobiological mechanism of ET and MRgFUS thalamotomy.

Gray Matter Volume Abnormality in Chronic Pain Patients With Depressive Symptoms: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies.

Background: Gray matter volume (GMV) alteration in specific brain regions has been widely regarded as one of the most important neuroplasticity features in chronic pain patients with depressive symptoms (CP-D). However, the consistent and significant results were still lacking. Thus, further exploration was suggested to be performed.

Regulatory B Cells Are Decreased and Functionally Impaired in Myasthenia Gravis Patients.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by B cells secreting autoantibodies. Regulatory B (Breg) cells confirmed to have an immunosuppressive function play an important role in many autoimmune diseases. However, what about the changes in Breg cells in the thymus and peripheral blood of MG patients? The changes in the proportion of Breg cells in the peripheral blood of 41 MG patients without any drug treatment and 30 healthy controls were detected by flow cytometry.

Pretherapeutic functional connectivity of tractography-based targeting of the ventral intermediate nucleus for predicting tremor response in patients with Parkinson's disease after thalamotomy with MRI-guided focused ultrasound.

Objective: Tractography-based direct targeting of the ventral intermediate nucleus (T-VIM) is a novel method that provides patient-specific VIM coordinates. This study aimed to explore the accuracy and predictive value of using T-VIM in combination with tractography and resting-state functional connectivity techniques to perform magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy as a treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: PD patients underwent MRgFUS thalamotomy and were recruited for functional MRI scanning.

Target Selection for Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, progressive, and incurable neurodegenerative disease. Pharmacological treatment is the first-line therapy for PD, including carbidopa-levodopa, dopamine agonists. However, some patients respond poorly to medication.

Convergent structural network and gene signatures for MRgFUS thalamotomy in patients with Parkinson's disease.

MRgFUS has just been made available for the 1.7 million Parkinson's disease patients in China. Despite its non-invasive and rapid therapeutic advantages for involuntary tremor, some concerns have emerged about outcomes variability, non-specificity, and side-effects, as little is known about its impact on the long-term plasticity of brain structure.

Melatonin exerts immunoregulatory effects by balancing peripheral effector and regulatory T helper cells in myasthenia gravis.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a prototypic organ-specific autoimmune disorder that, in most cases, is mainly mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor. Evidence implicates CD4 T helper (Th) cells in the development of MG, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) are associated with disease resolution. Melatonin has important immunoregulatory effects in many T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.