Structural MRI-based Computer-aided Diagnosis Models for Alzheimer Disease: Insights into Misclassifications and Diagnostic Limitations.

Purpose To examine common patterns among different computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) models for Alzheimer's disease (AD) using structural MRI data and to characterize the clinical and imaging features associated with their misclassifications. Materials and Methods This retrospective study utilized 3258 baseline structural MRIs from five multisite datasets and two multidisease datasets collected between September 2005 and December 2019. The 3D Nested Hierarchical Transformer (3DNesT) model and other CAD techniques were utilized for AD classification using 10-fold cross-validation and cross-dataset validation.

Comparison of Short-Term Radiographic Outcomes Between Femoral Varus Osteotomy and Salter Osteotomy in the Management of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease.

Aim: To compare short-term radiographic outcomes of femoral varus osteotomy (FVO) and Salter innominate osteotomy (SIO) in treating Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) and to identify prognostic factors through multivariate analysis.

Methods: This retrospective study included 33 pediatric LCPD patients (mean age: 6.80 ± 1.

Multiomics Reveals Biological Mechanisms Linking Macroscale Structural Covariance Network Dysfunction With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Across the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum.

Background: The high heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) hinders further exploration of their role in neurobiological mechanisms and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to delineate NPS patterns based on brain macroscale connectomics to understand the biological mechanisms of NPSs on the AD continuum.

Methods: We constructed regional radiomics similarity networks for 550 participants (AD with NPSs [n = 376], AD without NPSs [n = 111], and normal control participants [n = 63]) from the CIBL (Chinese Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle) study.

Risk factors for avascular necrosis of the femoral head after developmental hip dislocation reduction surgery and construction of Nomogram prediction model.

Background: To analyze the risk factors for the development of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head after reduction surgery in children with developmental hip dysplasia (DDH), and to establish a prediction nomogram.

Methods: The clinical data of 134 children with DDH (169 hips) treated with closure reduction or open reduction from December 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Independent risk factors for AVN after DDH reduction being combined with cast external immobilization were determined by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression and used to generate nomograms predicting the occurrence of AVN.

Convergent Neuroimaging and Molecular Signatures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Data-Driven Meta-Analysis with N = 3,118.

The current study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to regional brain atrophy and its biological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We conducted data-driven meta-analyses to combine 3,118 structural magnetic resonance images from three datasets to obtain robust atrophy patterns. Then we introduced a set of radiogenomic analyses to investigate the biological basis of the atrophy patterns in AD.

Profiling functional networks identify activation of corticostriatal connectivity in ET patients after MRgFUS thalamotomy.

Background: MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is a novel and effective treatment for medication-refractory tremor in essential tremor (ET), but how the brain responds to this deliberate lesion is not clear.

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the immediate and longitudinal alterations of functional networks after MRgFUS thalamotomy.

Methods: We retrospectively obtained preoperative and postoperative 30-day, 90-day, and 180-day data of 31 ET patients subjected with MRgFUS thalamotomy from 2018 to 2020.

Disrupted topological properties of structural brain networks present a glutamatergic neuropathophysiology in people with narcolepsy.

Study Objectives: Growing evidences have documented various abnormalities of the white matter bundles in people with narcolepsy. We sought to evaluate topological properties of brain structural networks, and their association with symptoms and neuropathophysiological features in people with narcolepsy.

Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging was conducted for people with narcolepsy (n = 30) and matched healthy controls as well as symptoms assessment.

Robustly uncovering the heterogeneity of neurodegenerative disease by using data-driven subtyping in neuroimaging: A review.

Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with heterogeneity in genetics, pathology, and clinical manifestation. Understanding this heterogeneity is particularly relevant for clinical prognosis and stratifying patients for disease modifying treatments. Recently, data-driven methods based on neuroimaging have been applied to investigate the subtyping of neurodegenerative disease, helping to disentangle this heterogeneity.

A neuroimaging biomarker for Individual Brain-Related Abnormalities In Neurodegeneration (IBRAIN): a cross-sectional study.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that poses a worldwide public health challenge. A neuroimaging biomarker would significantly improve early diagnosis and intervention, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.

Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data (10,099 participants with 13,380 scans) from 12 independent datasets were used in the present study (this study was performed between September 1, 2021 and February 15, 2023).

Morphological connectivity differences in Alzheimer's disease correlate with gene transcription and cell-type.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent forms of dementia in older individuals. Convergent evidence suggests structural connectome abnormalities in specific brain regions are linked to AD progression. The biological basis underpinnings of these connectome changes, however, have remained elusive.

Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy Rebalances Atypical Functional Hierarchy in Patients with Essential Tremor.

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has brought thalamotomy back to the frontline for essential tremor (ET). As functional organization of human brain strictly follows hierarchical principles which are frequently deficient in neurological diseases, whether additional damage from MRgFUS thalamotomy induces further disruptions of ET functional scaffolds are still controversial. This study was to examine the alteration features of brain functional frameworks following MRgFUS thalamotomy in patients with ET.

Reproducible Abnormalities and Diagnostic Generalizability of White Matter in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the impairment of white matter (WM) tracts. The current study aimed to verify the utility of WM as the neuroimaging marker of AD with multisite diffusion tensor imaging datasets [321 patients with AD, 265 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 279 normal controls (NC)], a unified pipeline, and independent site cross-validation. Automated fiber quantification was used to extract diffusion profiles along tracts.

Altered large-scale dynamic connectivity patterns in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment patients: A machine learning study.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegeneration disease associated with substantial disruptions in the brain network. However, most studies investigated static resting-state functional connections, while the alteration of dynamic functional connectivity in AD remains largely unknown. This study used group independent component analysis and the sliding-window method to estimate the subject-specific dynamic connectivity states in 1704 individuals from three data sets.

Altered global signal topography in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with widespread disruptions in intrinsic local specialization and global integration in the functional system of the brain. These changes in integration may further disrupt the global signal (GS) distribution, which might represent the local relative contribution to global activity in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods: fMRI scans from a discovery dataset (n = 809) and a validated dataset (n = 542) were used in the analysis.

Closed reduction and plaster immobilization: an alternative solution for patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip who failed Pavlik harness treatment.

Background: The current study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of closed reduction and cast immobilization for patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) who failed Pavlik harness treatment.

Methods: Patients with DDH who underwent cast immobilization under general anaesthesia after the failure of the Pavlik harness or Tübingen brace treatment between January 2015 and December 2020 were retrospectively recruited. General information, including Graf classification of initial diagnosis, initial treatment, age of cast immobilization, IHDI classification, AI index, avascular necrosis (AVN), and residual dysplasia, was collected.

Impaired time-distance reconfiguration patterns in Alzheimer's disease: a dynamic functional connectivity study with 809 individuals from 7 sites.

Background: The dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) has been used successfully to investigate the dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The reconfiguration intensity of nodal dFC, which means the degree of alteration between FCs at different time scales, could provide additional information for understanding the reconfiguration of brain connectivity.

Results: In this paper, we introduced a feature named time distance nodal connectivity diversity (tdNCD), and then evaluated the network reconfiguration intensity in every specific brain region in AD using a large multicenter dataset (N = 809 from 7 independent sites).

Regional Radiomics Similarity Networks Reveal Distinct Subtypes and Abnormality Patterns in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of different subtypes show distinct alterations in network patterns. The first aim of this study is to identify the subtypes of MCI by employing a regional radiomics similarity network (R2SN). The second aim is to characterize the abnormality patterns associated with the clinical manifestations of each subtype.

Altered Connection and Diagnosis Utility of White Matter in Alzheimer's Disease: A Multi-site Automated Fiber Quantification Study.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical neurodegenerative disease that is associated with cognitive decline, memory loss, and functional disconnection. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been widely used to investigate the integrity and degeneration of white matter in AD. In this study, with one of the world's largest DTI biobanks (865 individuals), we aim to explore the diagnosis utility and stability of tractbased features (extracted by automated fiber quantification (AFQ) pipeline) in AD.

Convergent structural network and gene signatures for MRgFUS thalamotomy in patients with Parkinson's disease.

MRgFUS has just been made available for the 1.7 million Parkinson's disease patients in China. Despite its non-invasive and rapid therapeutic advantages for involuntary tremor, some concerns have emerged about outcomes variability, non-specificity, and side-effects, as little is known about its impact on the long-term plasticity of brain structure.

Association Between Gene Polymorphisms and Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Risk in a Chinese Population.

Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) is one of the most common congenital deformities of children, and dysplasia of the striated muscle may be one of the causes of ICTEV. Previous studies have shown that polymorphisms of the rs4075583 SNP in the tropomyosin gene 1 () were associated with ICTEV in Caucasian children. However, there are no studies investigating the correlations of gene polymorphisms with the risk of ICTEV in Chinese children.

Tübingen hip flexion splints for developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants aged 0-6 months.

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common disorder in infants. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Tübingen hip flexion splints in treating DDH in infants aged 0-6 months.

Methods: This is a retrospective study analyzing 259 hips in 195 infants with DDH of Graf type IIc or worse classifications treated between January 2015 and December 2017.

A polyaxial fixation brace for the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in newborns.

Background: Treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is challenging for pediatric orthopedic surgeons. The Ponseti method is an effective protocol for treatment due to its technique of manipulation, casting, and limited surgery. Plaster casting is an essential component of the Ponseti method.

Application of a 3-dimensional printed navigation template in Bernese periacetabular osteotomies: A cadaveric study.

The aim of the present study was to describe the application of 3D printed templates for intraoperative navigation and simulation of periacetabular osteotomies (PAOs) in a cadaveric model.Five cadaveric specimens (10 sides) underwent thin-slice computed tomographic scans of the ala of ilium downwards to the proximal end of femoral shaft. Bernese PAO was performed.