Transcriptional control of male-specific pathway in temperature-dependent sex determination.

How temperature affects the direction of sexual differentiation pathways in temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) remains a mystery despite decades of scientific investigation. In the accompanying study, we demonstrated the thermal switch mechanism within thermosensitive steroidogenic cells (TSSCs) that triggers the male development pathway in turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms linking TSSCs' cold sensitivity with pre-Sertoli cell specification remain elusive.

Stereo-seq V2: Spatial mapping of total RNA on FFPE sections with high resolution.

Performing total RNA profiling on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, the predominant sample conservation method in clinical practice, remains challenging for current spatial transcriptomics techniques. Here, we introduce Stereo-seq V2, which employs random primers to capture and sequence RNAs in situ on FFPE sections and provides single-cell resolution. The random-priming-based strategy offers unbiased transcript capturing and uniform gene body coverage, which increase the sensitivity to marker genes, the efficiency of non-polyadenylation (poly(A)) RNA profiling, and immune repertoire coverage.

A micro-patterned transient UV photodetector enabled by solvent-free microfabrication.

Transient electronics, which can be controllably broken down with zero environmental impact, hold significant potential in implantable devices, hardware security, and disposable sensors. While miniaturization is essential for enhancing device performance, increasing integration density, and enabling new applications, degradable materials often face challenges with conventional microfabrication processes like lithography due to their sensitivity to heat and solvents. In this paper, we present a UV photodetector (PD) with micro-scale patterning, fabricated using a novel solvent-free material patterning method.

ManiDext: Hand-Object Manipulation Synthesis via Continuous Correspondence Embeddings and Residual-Guided Diffusion.

Dynamic and dexterous manipulation of objects presents a complex challenge, requiring the synchronization of hand motions with the trajectories of objects to achieve seamless and physically plausible interactions. In this work, we introduce ManiDext, a unified hierarchical diffusion-based framework for generating hand manipulation and grasp poses based on 3D object trajectories. Our key insight is that accurately modeling the contact correspondences between objects and hands during interactions is crucial.

Ins-HOI: Instance Aware Human-Object Interactions Recovery.

Accurately modeling detailed interactions between human/hand and object is an appealing yet challenging task. Current multi-view capture systems are only capable of reconstructing multiple subjects into a single, unified mesh, which fails to model the states of each instance individually during interactions. To address this, previous methods use template-based representations to track human/hand and object.

Multimodal nomogram integrating deep learning radiomics and hemodynamic parameters for early prediction of post-craniotomy intracranial hypertension.

To evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning radiomics nomogram in distinguishing early intracranial hypertension (IH) following primary decompressive craniectomy (DC) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to demonstrate its potential clinical value as a noninvasive tool for guiding timely intervention and improving patient outcomes. This study included 238 patients with severe TBI (training cohort: n = 166; testing cohort: n = 72). Postoperative ultrasound images of the optic nerve sheath (ONS) and Spectral doppler imaging of middle cerebral artery (MCASDI) were obtained at 6 and 18 h after DC.

LncRNA TRPM2-AS promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the miR-195-5p/COP1 axis in bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most frequent malignant tumors worldwide, with markedly poor prognosis when distant metastasis occurs. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TRPM2-AS has been reported to play an oncogenic role in several cancers. Although TRPM2-AS was previously revealed to suppress BLCA cell growth, its role in BLCA cell metastasis remains largely unknown.

Genome-Wide Association Study That Identifies Molecular Markers with Freezing Resistance in Duroc Boar Sperm.

Semen cryopreservation is a crucial technology in the artificial insemination of livestock and poultry. It not only contributes to the conservation of germplasm resources but also facilitates the cross-regional exchange of high-quality breeding stock. In this study, 165 Duroc boars were selected for genome-wide genotyping, and the sperm freezing/thawing motility ratio (sperm recovery rate) was used as phenotypic data for genome-wide association analysis (GWAS).

StereoMM: a graph fusion model for integrating spatial transcriptomic data and pathological images.

Spatial omics technologies, generating high-throughput and multimodal data, have necessitated the development of advanced data integration methods to facilitate comprehensive biological and clinical treatment discoveries. Based on the cross-attention concept, we developed an AI learning based toolchain called StereoMM, a graph based fusion model that can incorporate omics data such as gene expression, histological images, and spatial location. StereoMM uses an attention module for omics data interaction and a graph autoencoder to integrate spatial positions and omics data in a self-supervised manner.

Enhanced Mask R-CNN Incorporating CBAM and Soft-NMS for Identification and Monitoring of Offshore Aquaculture Areas.

The use of remote sensing images to analyze the change characteristics of large-scale aquaculture areas and monitor aquaculture violations is of great significance for exploring the law of marine aquaculture and assisting the monitoring and standardization of aquaculture areas. In this study, a violation monitoring framework for marine aquaculture areas based on image recognition using an enhanced Mask R-CNN architecture incorporating a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and soft non-maximum suppression (Soft-NMS) is proposed and applied in Sandu'ao. The results show that the modified Mask R-CNN, when compared to the most basic Mask R-CNN model, exhibits higher accuracy in identifying marine aquaculture areas.

Metal phenolic networks-driven bufalin homodimeric prodrug nano-coassemblies for ferroptosis-augmented tumor therapy.

Poor bioavailability and dose-limiting cardiotoxicity persistently hinder the clinical application of bufalin (BF). Conventional BF-based nanoagents have shown promise in tackling these challenges, yet advanced nanostrategies with further improved performance and clinical accessibility still await development. Herein, we introduce a novel cooperative nanoparadigm based on disulfide-linked BF homodimeric prodrugs (SBF) and metal-phenolic networks (MPNs).

Clinical translation of ultra-high dose rate flash radiotherapy: Opportunities, challenges, and prospects.

Ultra-high dose rate flash radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has attracted wide attention in the field of radiotherapy in recent years. For FLASH-RT, radiation is delivered at a very high dose rate [usually thousands of times compared with conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT)] in an extremely short time. This novel irradiation technique shows a protective effect on normal tissues, also known as the flash effect.

Serine protease Rv2569c inhibits inflammatory response and promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by targeting the RhoG-NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway.

Innate immunity is dominant in protecting the host's defense against intracellular bacterial infections. The secretion of IL-1β and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages play a critical role in combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infections.

COPB1 deficiency triggers osteoporosis with elevated iron stores by inducing osteoblast ferroptosis.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone metabolic disease that results from an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. The accumulation of iron has been identified as an independent risk factor for osteoporosis. Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation.

Gravitational wave astronomy with TianQin.

The opening of the gravitational wave window has significantly enhanced our capacity to explore the Universe's most extreme and dynamic sector. In the mHz frequency range, a diverse range of compact objects, from the most massive black holes at the farthest reaches of the Universe to the lightest white dwarfs in our cosmic backyard, generate a complex and dynamic symphony of gravitational wave signals. Once recorded by gravitational wave detectors, these unique fingerprints have the potential to decipher the birth and growth of cosmic structures over a wide range of scales, from stellar binaries and stellar clusters to galaxies and large-scale structures.

Barrier effects on the kinetics of cohesin-mediated loop extrusion.

Chromosome organization mediated by structural maintenance of chromosome complexes is crucial in many organisms. Cohesin extrudes chromatin into loops that are thought to lengthen until it is obstructed by CTCF proteins. In complex cellular environments, the loop extrusion machinery may encounter other chromatin-binding proteins.

Supra-Strong Metal-Support Interaction in Oxide-Solid-Solution-Derived Transition Metal Catalysts.

Transition metal catalysts with electron-deficient active sites (M) can exhibit unique activity and selectivity in hydrogenation reactions but are prone to deactivation under high-temperature reaction conditions due to the reduction of M. Here the existence of a supra-strong metal-support-interaction in oxide-solid-solution-derived nickel catalysts are reported, which greatly enhances the stability of Ni against reduction. It is found that the reduction of Ni species from solid solutions of NiO and magnesium aluminum spinel occurs at higher temperatures compare to pristine NiO, which is attributed to the strengthened binding of Ni atoms to ligand oxygen atoms for the former.

Loss of SCRG1 in chondrocytes inhibits osteoarthritis by promoting autophagy activity in the temporomandibular joint through inhibition of neurokine receptors.

Background: To investigate how scrapie responsive gene 1 (SCRG1) contributes to the development of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA).

Methods: Western blotting was used to identify protein expression. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test.

Asperstrins A-H: Epipolythiodioxopiperazines from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans.

Eight previously undescribed epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs), asperstrins A-H (1-8), and three known analogues, dethiosecoemestrin (9), secoemestrin C (10), and secoemestrin D (11), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Their structures and configurations were elucidated based on HRESIMS, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and X-ray crystallography. Asperstrins A-C (1-3) represent the first examples of O-methyl or O-ethyl derivatives of emestrin-type ETPs, respectively.

Sperm metabolomics identifies freezability markers in Duroc, Landrace, and Large White boars.

Cryopreservation of boar semen is widely applied in the conservation of genetic resources and animal breeding to enhance the utilization efficiency of superior boars. However, accurately identifying individuals with good freezing tolerance in boar sperm remains challenging. In this study, based on the differences in sperm motility before and after cryopreservation from 328 boars, we selected six boars each from the Duroc, Landrace, and Large White breeds, and categorized them into poor freezability ejaculates (PFE) and good freezability ejaculates (GFE) groups for sperm metabolomic analysis.

PRSS53 is a potential novel biomarker related to prognosis and immunity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: To analyze the expression levels, clinical significance, Immune infiltration and prognostic value of PRSS53 (Protease Serine 53) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) using bioinformatics methods.

Methods: Data on PRSS53 in ccRCC were extracted from databases and platforms, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx), The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Xiantao Academic Tool, Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and so on. We analyzed the relationship between PRSS53 expression and the clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis, immune infiltration and prognosis in ccRCC patients.

Should lymphadenectomy be recommended in radical surgery of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients? A retrospective study.

Purpose: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an extremely deadly cancer with high recurrence incidence, particularly in patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM). The necessity of lymphadenectomy including lymph node biology (LNB) and dissection (LND) during ICC radical surgery remains debate.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the patients diagnosed with ICC and underwent radical surgery at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2012 to 2023.

Preparation of economical and reusable novel multi-chemically modified lignin-based adsorbent for efficient adsorption of lead ions.

In this work, through sequential demethylation, amination and esterification, a novel multi-chemically modified lignin-based adsorbent (NMCL) was developed to remove lead ions (Pb) from wastewater. These modifications significantly enhanced lignin's reactivity and introduced diverse active sites, thereby improving its adsorption performances. The adsorption studies revealed that NMCL's adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model and Pseudo-second-order kinetics, confirming a monolayer chemical adsorption process.

Association between severity of stroke and poststroke epilepsy among patients with ischemic stroke: Mediating role of infection and early seizure.

Objective: Despite extensive studies about the direct effect of stroke severity on poststroke epilepsy (PSE), the pathway of this relationship remains unclear. We examined whether stroke-associated infection (SAI) and early seizure (ES) mediate the association between stroke severity and PSE.

Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke from two tertiary hospitals in China were included in our retrospective cohort study.