Serum levels of leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), pro-neurotensin (PNT), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and furin in pediatric growth hormone deficiency before and after 1-year growth hormone replacement therapy.

Objective: To investigate serum levels of leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), pro-neurotensin (PNT), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and furin in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) compared to idiopathic short stature (ISS) and healthy children, and to evaluate their changes and clinical relevance after 1-year growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT).

Methods: The prospective cohort study was conducted in 32 idiopathic GHD, 32 ISS and 32 healthy children. Serum LRG1, PNT, FABP4, furin and clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of GHRT.

Patient and Physician Preferences for Maintenance Treatment in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Insights into Treatment Selection.

Introduction: Advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (a/mNSCLC) is associated with a poor prognosis. Although maintenance therapy after first-line (1L) induction treatment can extend survival, it may also present with drawbacks like risk of certain adverse events (AEs), underscoring the need for shared decision-making between patients and their treating physicians. This study aimed to quantify the extent to which maintenance treatment attributes impact the preferences of patients and physicians after 1L induction therapy for a/mNSCLC.

Efficacy Outcomes Between Tarlatamab and Real-World Physicians' Choice of Therapies for Previously Treated Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Tarlatamab, a bispecific T-cell engager immunotherapy, showed durable response with promising survival outcomes in patients with previously treated small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in the phase 2 DeLLphi-301 study. Given the lack of a comparator in DeLLphi-301, this analysis aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of tarlatamab against physicians' choice of therapies in real-world practice.

Patients And Methods: This analysis compared the outcomes of patients in DeLLphi-301 who received tarlatamab 10 mg (n = 97) with patients in real-world cancer clinics captured in the Flatiron Health database who received third or later-line comparator therapies for SCLC (n = 184).

The association between waist circumference, weight-adjusted waist index, waist-to-height ratio and waist divided by height and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes.

Background: The waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist divided by height(WHT.5R), and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) are four anthropometric indices evaluating obesity, but the association with cardiovascular diseases in diabetic population remain unclear.

Methods: We extracted data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES1999-2016),and 7000 patients with diabetes were eligible.

PCSCN: A quality assessment model for large-scale phonocardiogram data cleaning and enhancement.

Background: The acquisition of large-scale phonocardiogram (PCG) data is crucial for clinical research and has significantly advanced the application of data-driven heart sound classification models. Owing to the complexity of clinical environments, the quality of collected PCG data cannot be guaranteed. The exclusion of low-quality signals is essential for conducting a reliable PCG analysis.

The clinical burden of Friedreich ataxia in the United States: A retrospective claims database analysis.

Background: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a terminal, rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with debilitating comorbidities. However, limited real-world data on clinical outcomes associated with FRDA have been presented.

Methods: The Komodo Research Data (01/2016-03/2023) was used to identify patients with FRDA who had ≥2 independent non-diagnostic early-onset cerebellar ataxia codes, 1 non-diagnostic FRDA specific code, and ≥12 months of continuous enrollment before and after the index date (defined as a random date with FRDA diagnosis).

Clinical Characteristics of KMT2A Gene-Related Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome and Progress in Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Therapy for Short-Stature Children.

Objective: Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS) due to KMT2A variant is a rare autosomal dominant genetic heterogeneity disorder associated with short stature, the exact genetic mechanism of which is still unknown. This study aims to define the clinical, therapeutic and molecular findings of three new WSS patients from unrelated families, and to summarize the clinical characteristics and response to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy.

Design, Patients And Measurements: Three male patients with short stature were included, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed.

Metabolic profiles of Turner syndrome: A real-world cohort study.

Background And Objective: Turner syndrome (TS), primarily characterized by premature ovarian insufficiency, is a disease resulting from a complete or partial absence of the second X chromosome. This study aims to describe the prevalence of metabolic comorbidities in TS patients of different ages and karyotypes.

Methods: The medical history, diagnosis, physical examination, laboratory examination and imaging examination data of 145 TS patients were obtained from the medical files.

Nasal Delivery of Engineered Exosomes via a Thermo-Sensitive Hydrogel Depot Reprograms Glial Cells for Spinal Cord Repair.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents formidable therapeutic challenges due to its multifaceted pathological complexity. Here, this work reports engineered macrophage-derived exosomes overexpressing GNA12 and GNA13 (G12G13MExos) that reprogram macrophages toward the M2c anti-inflammatory phenotype and astrocytes into a neuroprotective phenotype. G12G13MExos enhance astrocyte-mediated clearance of myelin debris, glutamate homeostasis, and synapse formation while fostering astrocyte-neuron crosstalk.

Hyperprolactinemia caused by extra-pituitary prolactin secretion: a systematic review.

This study aims to summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics, as well as the treatment and therapeutic outcomes, of hyperprolactinemia caused by ectopic prolactin secretion. Case reports of patients with hyperprolactinemia caused by extra-pituitary prolactin secretion were collected by conducting searches in three databases using the terms (ectopic prolactin secretion) OR (ectopic hyperprolactinemia) OR (ectopic prolactinoma). Fifty-two cases were included (age: 45.

Nanostructure-gated organic electrochemical transistors for accurate glucose monitoring in dynamic biological pH conditions.

Non-invasive, real-time, and continuous monitoring of trace amounts of glucose in near-neutral biofluids is significant for the daily care and treatment of diabetic patients or people with suboptimal health status. Despite improved sensing performance with novel low-dimensional materials or porous structures in various enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors, they still suffer from high cost, poor long-term stability, and performance fluctuations in varied temperature and pH. This work synergistically combines an Au-modified porous laser-induced graphene (LIG) gate electrode with an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) to create a flexible non-enzymatic glucose sensor.

Evaluation of an AI facial recognition system for Turner Syndrome screening and facial complexity: a prospective cohort.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence-based facial recognition (AI-FR) is promising in diagnosis of diseases with distinct facial features. Our team has retrospectively constructed an AI-FR system for Turner Syndrome (TS) based on 1295 facial photographs in previous research. This study aims to evaluate this AI-FR system for TS screening in a prospective cohort in real-world clinic setting.

A Novel Weight Loss Mechanism of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A in Obese Mice: Involvement of Immune Inflammation via Prkcd, Btk, and Vav1 Genes in Adipose Tissue.

Introduction: Hydroxysafflor Yellow A (HSYA), known for its anti-inflammatory effects in cardiovascular diseases, has also been shown to reduce adiposity and improve metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-obesity effects, particularly whether they are mediated through immune-inflammatory pathways, remain unclear. This study aims to identify the key molecular mechanisms involved in HSYA's anti-obesity action.

Exercise-induced metabolomics and its association with metabolic health in adolescents.

Background: While exercise training has been shown to improve various aspects of adolescent metabolic health, such as blood pressure, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. No study has examined the metabolomic changes to identify potential mechanisms and explore biomarkers that predict exercise benefits in adolescents.

Methods: We used propensity score matching to select 54 pairs of adolescents (ages 12-14 years) with and without long-term exercise training.

Dietary patterns, serum metabolites, and risk of cardiovascular disease in United States Hispanic/Latino adults: a prospective analysis of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Healthy dietary patterns are recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the relationships among healthy dietary patterns, blood metabolite profile, and incident CVD are not well understood.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the associations of healthy dietary patterns and related serum metabolite profiles with incident CVD in United States Hispanic/Latino adults.

Methods: The study included 13,922 participants aged 18-74 y from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Histidine Metabolism Toward Imidazole Propionate Production in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To examine associations of serum imidazole propionate (ImP), histidine, and their ratio with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related dietary and gut microbial factors in U.S. Hispanic/Latino people.

Global soybean trade intensifies the impacts of dietary transition on human mobility.

Soybeans have experienced massive growth in trade due to diet transitions. Large imports reduce expected returns for soybean growers in importer countries, influencing occupational choices and potentially facilitating population mobility, though the distant correlation's impact remains unclear. We develop a framework integrating diet dynamics, trade indexes, and human mobility.

Decoding the Impact of Theabrownin on Skeletal Muscle Function in Gestational Diabetic Offspring: Insights from Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) often leads to long-term metabolic issues, including skeletal muscle dysfunction in the offspring, with traditional managements focusing solely on blood glucose regulation and not addressing muscle metabolic and structural changes. Theabrownin (TB), a polyphenol derived from Pu-erh tea, has known antioxidant and metabolic benefits, but its effects on skeletal muscle function in GDM offspring remain unclear. In this study, GDM model was induced in mice, and their offspring were treated by TB.

Insulin sensitivity index independently predicts serum IGF-1 decreases in adolescents with long-term exercise.

Background: The study aims to investigate associations between insulin sensitivity and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in adolescents engaged in long-term exercise training, and to assess the impact on growth.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study and followed for 1 year from a general high school (non-exercise group, age 13.3 ± 0.

Icariin alleviates cardiomyocyte pyroptosis through AMPK-NLRP3 pathway to ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Among the multitude of pressing global health concerns, diabetes mellitus stands out as a significant issue. An alarming consequence of this condition is diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which represents a critical contributor to mortality in individuals with diabetes. Recently, research has unveiled the pivotal role that pyroptosis plays in the progression of myocardial fibrosis associated with DCM.

Effects of continuing medical education on emergency trainees' rare disease knowledge and attitude: a single-center study.

Background: Rare diseases (RDs) affect 10% of the global population but have inadequate medical resources. Early detection and treatment are crucial, yet many emergency physicians lack awareness of RDs. This study aims to evaluate the effects of continuing medical education (CME) on the knowledge and attitude of emergency physicians.