Significant spatiotemporal shifts of land cover over the Mongolian Plateau through the past three decades.

Land cover (LC) change is a crucial indicator reflecting the interaction between human activities and ecological environment. In semi-arid and arid regions like the Mongolian Plateau (MP), LC change analysis is particularly meaningful in shaping biodiversity, agricultural and grassland environment, and climate regulation, but long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of LC change in MP remain uncertain. This study employed an intensity analysis approach to investigate LC changes over the MP from 1990 to 2020 by using a fine-scale 30 m resolution land cover dataset generated from multi-source satellite images.

Age and New York Heart Association Class as Predictors of Surgical Outcomes in Patients With Infective Endocarditis.

Background Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening cardiovascular condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite advances in surgical and medical care, outcomes vary widely, particularly among older patients and those with impaired cardiac function. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification is commonly used to assess functional status, and age is an established predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes.

Effect of Marine-Derived Scallop Peptide Hydrolysate on Immune Modulation and Gut Microbiota Restoration in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice.

Cyclophosphamide (CTX), a chemotherapy agent, can weaken immune responses and disrupt gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis and inflammation. The gut microbiota, a composite community of microorganisms, plays a central role in regulating metabolism, supporting biological functions, and maintaining immune balance. Dysbiosis may lead to various systemic diseases and metabolic issues.

Spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements and ecological-health risks in a wastewater-irrigated peri-urban agroecosystem: a multi-matrix assessment from Muzaffargarh, Pakistan.

Peri-urban vegetable growing areas are vital for food security but are increasingly threatened by contamination from nearby industrial sites. This study examined potentially toxic element spatial distribution, bioaccumulation, and associated ecological-health risks in vegetables cultivated with wastewater-irrigated soil for over 30 years in southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 540 samples of drinking water, soil, and vegetables were collected from three sectors (X, Y, and Z) for comparative analysis.

Phthalate ester contamination in groundwater at the Himalayan-Potohar Interface: health risks in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are synthetic chemicals widely used as plasticizers, leading to their presence as environmental contaminants with potential health risks. This study investigates the occurrence and concentration of three phthalate esters (PAEs), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP), in groundwater from Rawalpindi City, Pakistan. Fifteen samples were collected and analyzed using liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

Evaluating pesticide-induced toxicity in Cyprinus carpio using hemato-biochemical biomarkers.

The increasing use of pesticides threatens aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluated the toxic effects of carbosulfan, pyriproxyfen, thiamethoxam, and their mixture on the hemato-biochemical profile of Cyprinus carpio over a 30-day exposure period. The 96 h LC values, determined via probit analysis, were 5.

Efficacy and Safety of Surgical Techniques in the Management of Pulmonary Hydatid Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of various surgical interventions used to manage pulmonary hydatid cysts, comparing patient outcomes such as postoperative morbidity, hospital stay duration, postoperative mortality, and complication rates across different surgical techniques. Methods This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023. Patients with surgical treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts were included.

Deglet Noor date derived polysaccharides lower blood glucose levels and modulate the gut microbiota in a streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetic mouse model.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. At present, pharmacotherapy involving synthetic diabetic agents is widely used, but it comes with side effects. In contrast, natural compounds like polysaccharides show promising anti-diabetic activity and are increasingly used alongside conventional therapies, especially in developing countries.

Fine extraction of multi-crop planting area based on deep learning with Sentinel- 2 time-series data.

Accurate and timely access to the spatial distribution of crops is crucial for sustainable agricultural development and food security. However, extracting multi-crop areas based on high-resolution time-series data and deep learning still faces challenges. Therefore, this study aims to provide an effective model for multi-crop classification using high-resolution remote sensing time-series data.

Metabolic dynamics and health risk assessment of heavy metal accumulation in urban-rural interface vegetable systems.

The urban-rural interface represents a critical ecological zone where anthropogenic activities intersect with agricultural systems, creating complex challenges for trace element dynamics and human health. This study comprehensively investigated the metabolic pathways, bioaccumulation mechanisms, and potential health risks associated with heavy metal accumulation in vegetables from water-scarce regions utilizing wastewater irrigation. Eight heavy metals (cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, chromium, lead, cadmium, and zinc) were examined through atomic absorption spectrophotometers in three vegetable species (spinach, tomatoes, and cabbage) from three distinct urban-rural interfaces.

Impact of Obesity on Joint Replacement Surgery Outcomes: A Comparative Study.

Background: Obesity negatively impacts joint health and poses challenges during joint replacement surgery, leading to less favorable postoperative outcomes.

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of obesity on postoperative outcomes following joint replacement surgery by comparing obese and non-obese patients.

Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2023, including 186 patients, of which 93 were classified as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²) and 93 as non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m²).

Utilizing Target Sequences with Multiple Flanking Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) Sites Reduces Off-Target Effects of the Cas9 Enzyme in Pineapple.

Background/objectives: CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-associated protein 9 is now widely used in agriculture and medicine. Off-target effects can lead to unexpected results that may be harmful, and these effects are a common concern in both research and therapeutic applications.

Methods: In this study, using pineapple as the gene-editing material, eighteen target sequences with varying numbers of PAM (Protospacer-Adjacent Motif) sites were used to construct gRNA vectors.

Polysaccharides derived from golden mushroom ( Fr.) modulate gut microbiota and enhance intestinal barrier function to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis, is marked by intestinal barrier disruptions, immune system dysregulation, and an imbalance in the gut microbiota. The golden chanterelle mushroom, Fr., a popular edible mushroom, has shown potential therapeutic benefits.

Sea conch () peptide hydrolysate regulates NF-κB pathway and restores intestinal immune homeostasis in DSS-induced colitis mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Sea conch peptide hydrolysate (CPH) was produced by enzymatic digestion of fresh conch meat with trypsin enzyme. To analyze the molecular composition, functional groups, and structural morphology of the hydrolysate, we employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Chemically modified filter paper with Jaman fruit extract for visual sensing of milk freshness.

Developing a non-toxic, cost-effective, and user-friendly indicator for detecting milk freshness and spoilage, with potential applications in smart packaging, presents a significant challenge. In this study, we extracted natural anthocyanins (ACNs) from Jaman (Syzgium cumini) and incorporated it in to filter paper. The presence of ACNs in the extract was confirmed through UPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Bunge polysaccharides alleviate lipoteichoic acid-induced lung inflammation and modulate gut microbiota in mice.

Pneumonia remains a prevalent infection primary ailment characterized by severe lung inflammation, leading to respiratory distress and significant mortality rates, particularly affecting young children in less developed regions. This study explores the therapeutic potential of low and high-molecular weight polysaccharides derived from in a murine model of lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced pneumonia, which represents bacterial-induced lung inflammation. Administration of polysaccharides effectively alleviated LTA-induced symptoms, including decreased lung and colon inflammation, and restored dysbiosis of gut microbiota.

NF-κB pathway activation by Octopus peptide hydrolysate ameliorates gut dysbiosis and enhances immune response in cyclophosphamide-induced mice.

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is an anticancer medication that suppresses host immunity as well as adversely affects mucosal inflammation and gut microflora dysbiosis. The gut microflora is recognized as a substantial factor in host metabolism and immunological homeostasis. To improve immunity and inhibit cytotoxic and homeostatic imbalances triggered by CTX, it is essential to monitor immunoregulators.

Intercomparison of gross primary productivity in spatio-temporal distribution over a typical tropical region based on different datasets.

Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) plays a vital role in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. For the purpose of assessing the performance of various GPP products in a typical tropical area, this study conducted an intercomparison of seven different GPP products over Hainan Island, China, and analyzed spatiotemporal characteristics of GPP in different elevation regions and vegetation types over study area. The results showed that although the GPP spatial distribution pattern over Hainan Island, as presented by different GPP products, is similar- showing that GPP values in the southwest are higher than those in the northeast- there are significant differences in the spatial distributions and magnitudes of each GPP product.

The Pleural Origin of Retiform Hemangioendothelioma: An Unusual Origin of a Rare Diagnosis.

Introduction: Vascular malignancies are categorized into benign hemangiomas, malignant angiosarcomas, and tumors of intermediate malignancy. Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is one of the rare diagnoses belonging to the class of intermediate malignancies that was initially diagnosed.

Case Presentation: In this case report, we have reported a rare case of RH, a locally aggressive, vascular tumor of malignant potential presenting at an unusual site.

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) in a 25-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, resulting in subcortical infarctions and leukoencephalopathy. It predominantly affects the brain's small blood arteries, resulting in repeated ischemic episodes including transient ischemic attacks and strokes leading to cognitive impairment and mental symptoms. We provide a case study of a 25-year-old patient suspected of having meningoencephalitis.

Severe Spinal Cord Inflammation in a Young Woman Diagnosed With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Study.

We describe a case of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), an uncommon and dangerous complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that struck a 22-year-old woman with SLE. Chronic autoimmune illness (e.g.

Social isolation induces intestinal barrier disorder and imbalances gut microbiota in mice.

Social isolation, a known stressor, can have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Recent scientific attention has been drawn to the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and gut microbiota, suggesting that gut microbes may influence brain function. This study aimed to explore the impact of social isolation on the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota.

Takayasu's Arteritis: An Uncommon Cause of Hemorrhagic Stroke in Young Individuals.

The aorta is particularly damaged by Takayasu's arteritis (TA), a rare form of vasculitis. Chest discomfort, exhaustion, fever, elevated blood pressure, heart failure, and stroke can all result from this. Major intimal fibrosis with vascular constriction is the disease's hallmark; although anybody can have it, Asian females in their 20s or 30s seem to be most typically affected.

Unexplained Chronic Liver Disease and Hemolytic Anemia in a Young Girl: A Case of Wilson's Disease.

Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the metabolism of copper that can present with a variety of clinical symptoms. Low levels of serum copper and ceruloplasmin, increased excretion of copper in the urine, and/or increasing quantities of copper in the liver are diagnostic indicators. The gold standard for diagnosis is genetic testing.