Improving lung cancer detection with enhanced convolutional sequential networks.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and early detection is extremely important for improving survival. According to the National Institute of Health Sciences, lung cancer has the highest rate of cancer mortality, according to the National Institute of Health Sciences. Medical professionals are usually based on clinical imaging methods such as MRI, X-ray, biopsy, ultrasound, and CT scans.

Effect of superstimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone on behaviour and performance in Holstein cows.

This research communication hypothesizes that superstimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) would not impact behavior and performance of Holstein cows. The objectives were to investigate the effect of FSH superstimulation on follicular dynamics, animal behaviour, body surface temperature and milk yield of Holstein cows. Cows were blocked by parity and body condition score (BCS), and within a block, they were assigned randomly to receive either normal saline (CON = 7) or 500 IU of FSH ( = 8).

Differential effects of sole and phosphorus based nitrogen fertilizer sources on wheat growth and nutrient use efficiency.

Management of nutrients under changing climatic conditions has become a major challenge in agriculture, affecting nutrient availability, plant uptake, and overall crop productivity. Optimizing fertilization strategies, particularly through balanced fertilizer applications, is crucial to enhancing nutrient use efficiency and ensuring sustainable crop yields under these dynamic environmental conditions. This study contributes to improving nitrogen management strategies for wheat in calcareous soils by evaluating different nitrate and ammonium ratios, offering insights for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency and yield optimization.

Enhancing patient safety through radiograph rejection analysis: Insights from a diagnostic imaging department audit.

Objective: Assessment of actual radiograph rejection was the primary goal of this investigation in the imaging facility of a public sector hospital, which was noticeably high during the pandemic as staff members were afraid of infection.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the department of Radiology, LRH from July 2023 to March 2024 during which a total of 47,300 radiographic examinations were conducted. Analysis was performed for the rejected radiographs and their causes respectively.

Nutraceutical eicosapentaenoic acid in treatment-resistant depression: The psychoneuroimmunity and clinical implications.

Treatment Resistant Depression is characterized by inadequate response to at least two adequate trials of antidepressants, highlighting the need for alternative or adjunctive strategies. Emerging evidence suggests omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid, may offer therapeutic benefits in the management of Treatment Resistant Depression. A total of twelve studies, including randomized controlled trials and open label studies, with a combined sample size of 498 participants have reported encouraging outcomes with eicosapentaenoic acid -predominant omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Treatment Resistant depression.

Improving Small-Molecules Based OSCs Performance Through Molecular Optimization: A Computational DFT Analysis.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained significant attention due to their potential for low-cost production and flexible applications. This study focuses on the computational design and optimization of donor molecules to enhance OSC efficiency. We have strategically designed benzodithiophene (BDT) and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) derivatives (M1 to M7) by varying the number of the central core and modifying the side chains with different substituents, allowing for fine-tuning of their electronic properties and enhancing their photovoltaic performance.

Evaluating pesticide-induced toxicity in Cyprinus carpio using hemato-biochemical biomarkers.

The increasing use of pesticides threatens aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluated the toxic effects of carbosulfan, pyriproxyfen, thiamethoxam, and their mixture on the hemato-biochemical profile of Cyprinus carpio over a 30-day exposure period. The 96 h LC values, determined via probit analysis, were 5.

Role of social capital in kiwifruit farmers' willingness to adopt and pay for sustainable green food certificates in China.

Green food certification (GFC) represents a critical step toward achieving sustainable agricultural practices. However, its adoption among kiwifruit farmers in China remains limited, primarily due to financial constraints and varying levels of social capital. This study investigates kiwifruit farmers' willingness to adopt (WTAd) and willingness to pay (WTP) for GFC, focusing on the role of social capital in shaping their decisions.

Effect of dry period length and prepartum fat supplementation on energy balance, uterine health, and production of dairy cows.

We hypothesized that prepartum supplementation of fat in a short dry period would improve postpartum energy balance (EB) and produce milk comparable to the traditional dry period. The objective was to investigate the effect of dry period length and prepartum fat supplementation on DMI, EB, BCS, milk yield, and uterine health. The experiment was a randomized complete block design.

Systematic Computational Designing of Efficient Phenalene and Pyrene Based Derivatives to Tune the Optical and Nonlinear Optical Response.

Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are among the smartest materials of the present era and are employed to modulate the phase and frequency of the laser. The present study presents a quantum chemical framework for tailoring nitrogen/boron-doped (N/B) derivatives of phenalene and pyrene through the terminal and central core modifications to check their NLO properties. The derivatives of these compounds have been designed by introducing various π-conjugated connectors and N/B heteroatoms in the phenalene and pyrene rings.

Robust ternary system of corncob-derived carbon quantum dots/ ZnFeO/graphene oxide for wastewater treatment.

Water contamination emerging from urban and industrial waste disposal is posing an alarming threat to human and marine life. Hence, it is imperative to take a crucial approach to lowering the overall cost and time of wastewater treatment. The efficiency of heterogeneous photo Fenton green wastewater treatment processes relies mainly on the morphology and surface interface properties of photocatalysts for harnessing maximum sunlight energy.

Design and development of new substituted pyrimidine hybrids with imidazole and triazole: Exploring utility as an anticancer agent via human topoisomerase-II and tubulin inhibition.

In the present research, we developed pyrimidine-based hybridized molecules with either imidazole or triazole to find effective anticancer drugs. The reaction was accomplished using a multicomponent reaction pathway. The synthetics were explored for their utility as an anticancer agent via human topoisomerase-II and tubulin inhibition.

Rice grain size: current regulatory mechanisms and future perspectives.

Rice is a staple food for over half of the world's population. To feed the growing population, molecular breeders aim to increase grain yield. Grain size is an important factor for crop productivity, and it has been extensively studied.

Cross-sectional survey to explore knowledge, attitude, practices and impact of an intervention programme related to antibiotic misuse and self-medication among general population of Pakistan.

Objective: The objective of this study is to observe the knowledge, attitude and practices related to antibiotic use, the prevalence of self-medication and non-adherence to the prescribed course of antibiotics across Pakistan.

Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study on knowledge, practices, attitude and adherence to antibiotic therapy was conducted from January 2021 to March 2022 among the adult population living in different areas across Pakistan. Individuals with poor knowledge were selected for video-based intervention programme.

Global prevalence of species in goats: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Coccidiosis is a protozoal disease caused by species, the main symptom of which is diarrhea. spp. infection can cause weight loss and ill-thrift in goats, and in severe cases, it can lead to mortality in kids, resulting in economic losses for the goat industry.

Heavy metals pollution in riverine sediments: Distribution, source, and environmental implications.

This research reports heavy metal pollution in riverine sediments from River Kabul, Pakistan, which could endanger human health and ecology via the food web. The results revealed a substantial special variation in the average contents (mg/kg) of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) in riverine sediments, in the order of Fe (20,234.51) > Al (17,550.

A global review on perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the riverine systems: Environmental behaviours and risks implications.

This review provides a comprehensive global overview of the occurrences, distribution, emissions, and associated risks of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine systems across both developed and developing countries including the United States (US), Spain, France, Netherlands, Germany, Pakistan, China, Korea, Vietnam, Italy, and Japan. Data for this review were systematically gathered through a comprehensive and structured search process using various databases, search engines, and academic repositories to identify relevant literature and studies. Human health risks were assessed using recommended United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) models, including estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard risk (HR), and hazard index (HI) for each reported PFAA compound in the studied countries.

Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on oocyte maturation and developmental competence in buffalo.

We hypothesized that human chorionic gonadotropic (hCG) could replace LH in the maturation media for buffalo oocytes, and hCG administration before ovum pick-up (OPU) enhances in-vitro development of buffalo oocytes. Objectives were 1) to investigate the effect of hCG supplementation on nuclear maturation, oocyte development, and granulosa cell mRNA abundance of genes related to growth and antioxidant pathways and 2) to determine the effect of hCG administration before OPU on in-vitro oocyte development. In Experiment 1, buffalo oocytes retrieved from slaughterhouse ovaries were maturated in the media supplemented with 0.

The Effect of Glycemic Control on Cardiovascular Disease Progression in Adults With Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis.

Introduction Rising prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in younger populations, have made early-onset T2DM (diagnosed before age 40) an increasingly significant health concern. Early-onset T2DM is often associated with more rapid progression and increased complications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its specific impact on cardiovascular outcomes remains inadequately understood, particularly compared to T2DM in older populations.

Pathways and risk analysis of arsenic and heavy metal pollution in riverine water: Application of multivariate statistics and USEPA-recommended risk assessment models.

This study analyzed surface water from the River Swat, Pakistan, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, multivariate statistical techniques, and US-EPA risk assessment models to evaluate the concentrations, distribution, pathways, and potential risks of arsenic (As) and heavy metals, including chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb). The results revealed significant correlations (p ≤ 0.01) among metals that indicated common pollution sources, likely influenced by anthropogenic point and non-point activities.

Correction: Yaseen et al. Photo-Assisted Removal of Rhodamine B and Nile Blue Dyes from Water Using CuO-SiO Composite. 2022, , 5343.

Citation of the publication (our own previous work), Yaseen, M [...

Farmers' adaptation to climate change in Pakistan: Can their climate risk management strategies lead to sustainable agriculture?

Farming communities in many developing nations are facing the impacts of climate change, characterized by greater variability and frequency of extreme weather events, which threaten their livelihoods and the agricultural sector as a whole. Agricultural sustainability is at risk when farmers engage in off-farm activities to protect their economic future and combat climate change. This study aimed to identify the determinants of off-farm management activities adoption and highlight the issues faced by farmers after their adoption in agriculture.

Metallic nanoentities: Bio-engineered silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

This present study reports the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Ag/Au bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) using bark extract of plant (T.A). The bark extract contained total polyphenolic compounds and total flavonoids as 0.