CT derived myocardial extracellular volume predict major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) patients with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are at high risk for cardiotoxicity and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). It is unclear whether the myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) derived from chest contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) can detect cardiotoxicity and predict MACE in these patients. This work aimed to assess the value of chest CECT derived myocardial ECV for detecting cardiotoxicity and the association of ECV with MACE in PCa patients receiving ADT.

A novel prescribed-time H robust backstepping control algorithm of strict-feedback uncertain nonlinear systems based on fuzzy approximation.

This paper considers the prescribed-time convergence and robustness problems of strict-feedback uncertain nonlinear systems (SFUNSs). A novel control algorithm of prescribed-time H robust control scheme in the framework of backstepping method is proposed, improving the convergence speed of the conventional H robust control system without deteriorating its robustness. Firstly, the prescribed-time H robust stability theorem is presented.

Left ventricular trabecular complexity for risk stratification of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction in breast cancer.

The left ventricular trabecular fractal dimension (LVTFD) derived from cardiac magnetic resonance reflects myocardial trabecular complexity, which is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Baseline risk stratification of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) in patients with breast cancer who received anthracycline is a very important clinical issue. In this study, we used the Cox model to derive and validate a new score system based on LVTFD for baseline risk stratification of CTRCD in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline.

Coronary computed tomography angiography for assessing the coronary artery and predicting adverse cardiovascular events in patients with thoracic malignancies.

Background: It is unclear whether the parameters derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) can identify the impairments of coronary arteries and if they are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with thoracic malignancies receiving chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes in coronary arteries using CCTA and to determine their association with MACEs in patients with thoracic malignancies receiving chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included consecutive patients with thoracic malignancies who received chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and who underwent CCTA between June 2013 and May 2019 at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital.

The additional value of myocardial T1ρ mapping to T1 and T2 mapping for predicting subsequent cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction in breast cancer patients who received anthracyclines with/without trastuzumab.

Objectives: We aimed to describe changes in parameters derived from myocardial T1ρ, T1, and T2 mapping and assess whether incorporating T1ρ mapping improves the predictive performance of T1 and T2 mapping for subsequent cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) in breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines with/without trastuzumab.

Methods: From March 2021 to May 2023, 82 participants with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines with/without trastuzumab were prospectively recruited. Cardiac magnetic resonance was performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months in relation to baseline.

Evaluating coronary arteries and predicting MACEs using CCTA in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Whether coronary computed-tomography angiography (CCTA) can detect cancer treatment-related impairments of coronary artery and predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (CHT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate coronary arteries using CCTA parameters and explore the association of these parameters with MACEs in patients with lung cancer receiving CHT or CRT.

Materials And Methods: This study retrospectively collected data from 697 lung cancer patients who received CHT or CRT and underwent CCTA examination within 2 weeks before or after treatment from June 2013 to May 2019.

Longitudinal Evaluation of Coronary Arteries and Myocardium in Breast Cancer Using Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography.

Background: The association of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and left ventricular (LV) myocardium measurements with cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is limited.

Objectives: In this study, the authors sought to evaluate the changes in coronary arteries and LV myocardium in patients with left breast cancer (BC) receiving anthracycline with or without radiotherapy, with the use of coronary CTA.

Methods: Participants with left BC receiving anthracycline with or without radiotherapy were prospectively included.

Tumor Stiffness Measurement at Multifrequency MR Elastography to Predict Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Endometrial Cancer.

Background Pathologic lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is associated with poor outcome in endometrial cancer. Its relationship with tumor stiffness, which can be measured with use of MR elastography, has not been extensively explored. Purpose To assess whether MR elastography-based mechanical characteristics can aid in the noninvasive prediction of LVSI in patients with endometrial cancer.

Thoracic aorta injury detected by 4D flow MRI predicts subsequent main adverse cardiovascular events in breast cancer patients receiving anthracyclines: A longitudinal study.

Purpose: To investigate longitudinal thoracic aorta injury using 3-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow MRI) parameters and to evaluate their value for predicting the subsequent main adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in breast cancer patients receiving anthracyclines.

Methods: Between July 2020 and July 2021, eighty-eight female participants with breast cancer scheduled to receive anthracyclines with or without trastuzumab prospectively enrolled. Each subjects underwent 4D flow MRI at baseline, 3 and 6 months in relation to baseline.

CT-derived extracellular volume and liver volumetry can predict posthepatectomy liver failure in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a severe complication of liver resection. We aimed to develop and validate a model based on extracellular volume (ECV) and liver volumetry derived from computed tomography (CT) for preoperative predicting PHLF in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Methods: A total of 393 resectable HCC patients from two hospitals were enrolled and underwent multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT before surgery.

Cardiovascular Risk Stratification by Automatic Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring on Pretreatment Chest Computed Tomography in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Receiving Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Balancing the cardiovascular risk and benefit of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an important clinical issue. We aimed to evaluate whether the pretreatment coronary artery calcium score (CACS) can stratify the risk of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

Methods: The patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from 4 hospitals were retrospectively enrolled.

Extracellular volume fraction determined by equilibrium contrast-enhanced CT for the prediction of the pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Objectives: To determine the extracellular volume (ECV) fraction derived from equilibrium contrast-enhanced CT for predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods: The ECV fraction before NCRT (ECV and/or ECV after NCRT (ECV) of rectal tumors was assessed, and ECV was calculated as ECV - ECV. The histopathologic tumor regression grading (TRG) was assessed.

Predicting treatment response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix using amide proton transfer imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether amide proton transfer (APT) imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging can predict tumor response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC).

Material And Methods: Fifty-nine women (mean age, 54 years ± 10 [standard deviation] years; age range: 32-81 years) with pathologically confirmed SCCC underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination of the pelvis including APT and IVIM before concurrent chemoradiotherapy. They were divided into complete remission (CR) and non-CR groups according to therapeutic effect.

Nomogram based on CT-derived extracellular volume for the prediction of post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on extracellular volume (ECV) derived from computed tomography (CT) for predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: A total of 202 patients with resectable HCC from two hospitals were enrolled and underwent multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT before surgery. One hundred twenty-one patients from our hospital and 81 patients from another hospital were assigned to the training cohort and the validation cohort, respectively.

Myocardial extracellular volume derived from contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography for longitudinal evaluation of cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines.

Objectives: To assess the value of myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) derived from contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) for longitudinal evaluation of cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer (BC) treated with anthracycline (AC).

Materials And Methods: A total of 1151 patients with BC treated with anthracyclines, who underwent at least baseline, and first follow-up contrast-enhanced chest CT were evaluated. ECV and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured before (ECV, LVEF), during ((ECV, LVEF) and (ECV, LVEF)), and after (ECV, LVEF) AC treatment.

MRI-based radiomics to compare the survival benefit of induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A multicenter study.

Background And Purpose: It remains uncertain whether induction chemotherapy (IC) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or CCRT plus adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is more effective in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). This study aimed to develop and validate a joint radiomic and clinical signature (RCS) for the prognostic stratification of LA-NPCs and to identify patients who might benefit more from IC + CCRT or CCRT + AC.

Materials And Methods: Overall, 893 LA-NPC patients who received IC + CCRT or CCRT + AC were enrolled from four hospitals.

Initial Investigation of Clinical Value of Noise-Optimized Virtual Monoenergetic Images Derived From Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Angiography in Preoperative Perforator Planning of Anterolateral Thigh Flap Transplantation.

Objective: To objectively and subjectively assess the image characteristics of noise-optimized virtual monoenergetic images [MEI (+)] and polyenergetic images (PEIs) from dual-energy computed tomography angiography and then to explore the clinical value of the optimal MEI (+) in preoperative perforator planning of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap transplantation.

Methods: Sixteen patients (32 thighs) who underwent lower extremity run-off dual-energy computed tomography angiography for planning ALT flap transplantation were enrolled. One standard PEI and 5 MEI (+) in 10-keV intervals (range, 40-80 keV) were reconstructed.

Chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis was concomitant with epicardial adipose tissue volume increasing in breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis, quantitate the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume in breast cancer patients, and explore the mediating effect of liver fat content on EAT volume in breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods: From October 2018 to April 2020, patients were retrospectively reviewed and divided into breast cancer non-NAC and NAC groups. The prevalence of chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis was evaluated through quantitative MRI mDIXON-Quant examinations by using defined proton density fat fraction cutoffs of liver fat.

Longitudinal pericardial adipose tissue changes in patients with breast cancer receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) has been associated with adverse cardiac events. In this study, we evaluated changes of PAT in patients with breast cancer during and after anthracycline-based chemotherapy and explored the clinical variables associated with increases in PAT volume at the completion of chemotherapy.

Methods: A total of 278 breast cancer patients who were receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy were retrospectively enrolled.

Low-dose CT with tin filter combined with iterative metal artefact reduction for guiding lung biopsy.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is currently the imaging modality of choice for guiding pulmonary percutaneous procedures. The use of a tin filter allows low-energy photons to be absorbed which contribute little to image quality but increases the radiation dose that a patient receives. Iterative metal artefact reduction (iMAR) was developed to diminish metal artefacts.

Using quantitative parameters derived from pretreatment dual-energy computed tomography to predict histopathologic features in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients with a high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), or perineural invasion (PNI) tend to demonstrate a poor prognosis in clinical series. Thus, the identification of histopathological features, including tumor grade, LVI, and PNI, before treatment could be used to stratify the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. This study aimed to assess whether quantitative parameters derived from pretreatment dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can predict the histopathological features of patients with HNSCC.

Application of machine learning with multiparametric dual-energy computed tomography of the breast to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions.

Background: Multiparametric dual-energy computed tomography (mpDECT) is widely used to differentiate various kinds of tumors; however, the data regarding its diagnostic performance with machine learning to diagnose breast tumors is limited. We evaluated univariate analysis and machine learning performance with mpDECT to distinguish between benign and malignant breast lesions.

Methods: In total, 172 patients with 214 breast lesions (55 benign and 159 malignant) who underwent preoperative dual-phase contrast-enhanced DECT were included in this retrospective study.

Multiparametric dual-energy CT to differentiate stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma from benign hyperplasia.

Background: Stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and benign hyperplasia (BH) are 2 common causes of nasopharyngeal mucosa/submucosa thickening without specific clinical symptoms. The treatment management of these 2 entities is significantly different. Reliable differentiation between the 2 entities is critical for the treatment decision and prognosis of patients.