Secretory IgA modifies the association between early-life gut microbiota trajectories and childhood nonatopic wheeze.

Aims: Wheezing in childhood is common and evidence is accumulating for the role of the gut microbiome in the development of atopic wheeze. Changes to the early-life gut microbiota and secretory IgA (SIgA) production have been linked to childhood disease; however, their connection to nonatopic wheeze is unknown. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the relationships between early-life gut microbiota trajectories, SIgA and childhood nonatopic wheeze.

Trust in Artificial Intelligence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems Among Health Care Workers: Systematic Review.

Background: Artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support systems (AI-CDSSs) have enhanced personalized medicine and improved the efficiency of health care workers. Despite these opportunities, trust in these tools remains a critical factor for their successful integration into practice. Existing research lacks synthesized insights and actionable recommendations to guide the development of AI-CDSSs that foster trust among health care workers.

Thyrotoxic effects of organophosphate insecticides in adults: a bibliometric and meta-analysis.

Objective: Organophosphate insecticides (OPIs) are widely used worldwide, raising growing concerns over their potential thyrotoxic effects. Despite mounting evidence, inconsistencies persist regarding their impact on thyroid hormone (TH) regulation in humans. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between OPI exposure and TH levels in adults, addressing a critical gap in environmental health research.

CHIP toolkit: Social mapping and transect walk for childhood infection and pollution - A comparative study across four cities (Jaipur, Jakarta, Antofagasta, and Istanbul).

Background: The Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030 underscores the value of sustainable cities, clean water, sanitation, and well-being. In-spite of several improvements, the under-five mortality rates remain quite high, especially in inadequately serviced peri-urban settlements, wherein the environmental conditions, poor sanitation, and limited healthcare exacerbate child health issues. Burdened by rapid urban migration and poor infrastructure, these settlements are prone to the spread of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and vector-borne diseases.

Infant Acid-Suppressant Medication, C. difficile Colonisation, and Childhood Body Mass Index in a Canadian Cohort.

Aim: To determine relationships between paediatric use of acid-suppressive medications (ASMs) (proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA)) and preschool body mass index (BMI) and mediation by C. difficile colonisation.

Methods: ASMs were parent-reported at age 3, 6 and 12 months in 1025 infants from the CHILD Cohort Study.

Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to serum metal mixtures and mediating effects of metabolites in Chinese population: A dual approach using bibliometric and epidemiological analyses.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy, posing obstetrical and metabolic risks. While emerging evidence suggests an association between specific metal exposure and GDM, the crucial metabolic changes between serum metal exposure and GDM risk have yet to be fully clarified. Here we employed a combination of bibliometric and epidemiological methodologies to investigate the relationship between metal exposure and GDM and potential mediation role of metabolites in Chinese pregnant women.

Microbiome mismatches from microbiota transplants lead to persistent off-target metabolic and immunomodulatory effects.

Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is an increasingly used intervention, but its suitability to restore regional gut microbiota, particularly in the small bowel (SB), must be questioned because of its predominant anaerobic composition. In human subjects receiving FMT by upper endoscopy, duodenal engraftment of anaerobes was observed after 4 weeks. We hypothesized that peroral FMTs create host-microbe mismatches that impact SB homeostasis.

Microbial Disturbances Caused by Pesticide Exposure and Their Predictive Implications for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Previous studies have suggested that pesticide exposure and gut microbiome alterations are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Understanding the complex interactive effect of these factors on GDM is essential. In a cohort of 852 pregnant women, we assessed pesticide levels in serum and analyzed the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Artificial intelligence utilization in cancer screening program across ASEAN: a scoping review.

Background: Cancer remains a significant health challenge in the ASEAN region, highlighting the need for effective screening programs. However, approaches, target demographics, and intervals vary across ASEAN member states, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of these variations to assess program effectiveness. Additionally, while artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise as a tool for cancer screening, its utilization in the ASEAN region is unexplored.

A Randomized Crossover Fiber Intervention Study in Prader-Willi Syndrome: Insights into Metabolic and Microbiota Shifts.

Context: While increased fiber intake may benefit appetite and metabolism in the general population, its effects in individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a condition characterized by hyperphagia, obesity and metabolic dysregulation, remain to be explored.

Objectives: This study assessed the effects of a fiber intervention on hyperphagia, metabolic health, and gut microbiota in individuals with PWS, and explored associations between changes in health markers and shifts in microbiota.

Methods: Participants received either a high-dose fiber intervention (35g/day) or a control for 3 weeks.

Early-life antibiotic exposure aggravates hepatic steatosis through enhanced endotoxemia and lipotoxic effects driven by gut .

Compelling evidence supports a link between early-life gut microbiota and the metabolic outcomes in later life. Using an early-life antibiotic exposure model in BALB/c mice, we investigated the life-course impact of prenatal and/or postnatal antibiotic exposures on the gut microbiome of offspring and the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Compared to prenatal antibiotic exposure alone, postnatal antibiotic exposure more profoundly affected gut microbiota development and succession, which led to aggravated endotoxemia and metabolic dysfunctions.

Gut microbiota metabolites, secretory immunoglobulin A and Bayley-III cognitive scores in children from the CHILD Cohort Study.

Background: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been demonstrated in neurodevelopmental disorders but the underlying mechanisms that may explain these associations are poorly understood. Gut secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) binds pathogenic microbes, preventing mucosal penetration. Gut microbes also influence SIgA production and its binding characteristics through short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites, allowing them to regulate the immune response.

Knowledge, perception, and behaviours related to antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in community-dwelling individuals in Hong Kong.

Background: Understanding public knowledge and behaviours related to antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may inform interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotics use.

Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey in community-dwelling adults in Hong Kong from 2020 to 2022 to examine knowledge, risk perception on AMR and antibiotics, and behavioural patterns in antibiotic use. Information on demographics, socioeconomic status and general health was examined in relation to the knowledge score, antibiotic use behaviours and preference for antibiotic-free food products in regression models.

A metagenome-assembled genome inventory for children reveals early-life gut bacteriome and virome dynamics.

Existing microbiota databases are biased toward adult samples, hampering accurate profiling of the infant gut microbiome. Here, we generated a metagenome-assembled genome inventory for children (MAGIC) from a large collection of bulk and viral-like particle-enriched metagenomes from 0 to 7 years of age, encompassing 3,299 prokaryotic and 139,624 viral species-level genomes, 8.5% and 63.

Short-chain fatty acids in viral infection: the underlying mechanisms, opportunities, and challenges.

Viral infections can cause cellular pathway derangements, cell death, and immunopathological responses, leading to host inflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by the microbiota, have emerged as a potential therapeutic for viral infections due to their ability to modulate these processes. However, SCFAs have been reported to have both beneficial and detrimental effects, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

Variation in the metagenomic analysis of fecal microbiome composition calls for a standardized operating approach.

The reproducibility in microbiome studies is limited due to the lack of one gold-standard operating procedure. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of protocol variations on microbiome composition using metagenomic data sets from a single center. We assessed the variation in a data set consisted of 2,722 subjects, including 9 subcohorts harboring healthy subjects and patients with various disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes.

Fecal microbial marker panel for aiding diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders.

Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota alterations influence brain function and could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The potential of using fecal microbiota signatures to aid autism spectrum disorder (ASD) detection is still not fully explored. Here, we assessed the potential of different levels of microbial markers (taxonomy and genome) in distinguishing children with ASD from age and gender-matched typically developing peers ( = 598, ASD vs TD = 273 vs 325).

Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus associates with altered gut microbiome composition and head circumference abnormalities in male offspring.

The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal or infant microbiome trajectory remains poorly understood. Utilizing large-scale longitudinal fecal samples from 264 mother-baby dyads, we present the gut microbiome trajectory of the mothers throughout pregnancy and infants during the first year of life. GDM mothers had a distinct microbiome diversity and composition during the gestation period.

Effects of microbiome-based interventions on neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by neuronal damage and progressive loss of neuron function. Microbiome-based interventions, such as dietary interventions, biotics, and fecal microbiome transplant, have been proposed as a novel approach to managing symptoms and modulating disease progression. Emerging clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of interventions modulating the GM in alleviating or reversing disease progression, yet no comprehensive synthesis have been done.

Post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety during the 2021 Myanmar conflict: a nationwide population-based survey.

Background: The UN warns that Myanmar faces the 'triple crises' of mass conflict, uncontrolled COVID-19, and economic collapse. Therefore, we aimed to assess the population mental health burden, healthcare needs, and the associated risk factors in Myanmar.

Methods: We established a nationwide random sample and recruited 1038 adults via random digit dialling from July 3-Aug 9, 2021, during the ongoing conflict since Feb 1, 2021, and surge in SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Dichotomous effect of dietary fiber in pediatrics: a narrative review of the health benefits and tolerance of fiber.

Dietary fibers are associated with favorable gastrointestinal, immune, and metabolic health outcomes when consumed at sufficient levels. Despite the well-described benefits of dietary fibers, children and adolescents continue to fall short of daily recommended levels. This gap in fiber intake (i.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of gut microbiome-associated childhood overweight and obesity.

Childhood obesity is linked to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Gut microbiota may partially mediate this association and could be potential targets for intervention; however, its role is understudied. We included 1,592 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infants Longitudinal Development Cohort.