Dual-Layer Transcriptional-Protein Regulation by HvAP2-12 Represses HvAP2-18 Activity to Fine-Tune Barley Starch Synthesis.

Starch content and composition are key factors determining yield and quality of barley, but the molecular mechanisms regulating barley starch synthesis remain unclear. In this study, we identified an APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family gene HvAP2-12, which has typical transcription factor characteristics. Overexpression of HvAP2-12 had no effect in total starch and amylose content, whereas the gene-edited mutant lines showed increased total starch and significantly decreased amylose content.

Identification, characterization, and associations with agronomic traits and early vigor of mature wheat embryo size loci.

Although the mature wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryo constitutes only a small proportion of kernel weight, it plays a significant role in seed germination and seedling establishment. However, the genetic basis underlying wheat embryo size remains poorly understood.

The impact of GBSSI inactivation on starch structure and functionality in EMS-induced mutant lines of wheat.

Background: Starch, a major component of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain, plays a crucial role in determining processing quality. Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), the enzyme primarily responsible for elongating α-1,4-glucan chains into linear amylose molecules, is a key determinant of starch quality.

Molecular characterization and validation of adult-plant stripe rust resistance genes in Yunnan hulled wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King).

Three stable QTLs for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust were identified on chromosomes 2DL, 5B, and 7BS in Yunnan hulled wheat, providing durable high-level resistance through additive effects. Yunnan hulled wheat, a unique subspecies native to China, exhibits excellent adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust. However, the genetic basis of stripe rust resistance in Yunnan hulled wheat remains largely unexplored.

Effect of Wheat Varieties and Cultivation Environments on Grain Endophytes, Microbial Communities, and Quality of Medium-High Temperature Daqu in Chinese Baijiu.

Wheat grain serves as the primary raw material for producing medium-high temperature (MT)-Daqu, a fermentation starter crucial for Chinese Baijiu production, characterized by spontaneous fermentation without the inoculation of exogenous substances. However, the interactions among wheat varieties, cultivation environments, and the resulting Daqu quality remain poorly understood. This study evaluates three wheat varieties harvested from three distinct cultivation environments, examining wheat grain quality, grain-associated endophytes, and physicochemical properties and microbial communities of MT-Daqu at 0, 9, and 90 days of fermentation.

A fungal pathogen suppresses host leaf senescence to increase infection.

Phytopathogens such as Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) induce pigment retention at pathogen infection sites.

Genome-wide analysis of Q binding reveals a regulatory network that coordinates wheat grain yield and grain protein content.

Wheat is an important cereal crop used to produce diverse and popular food worldwide because of its high grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC). However, GY and GPC are usually negatively correlated. We previously reported that favorable alleles of the wheat domestication gene Q can synchronously increase GY and GPC, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Practical application of heart modularization based on Personalized Patient Protocol Technology combined with Sinogram-Affirmed Iterative Reconstruction technology in coronary angiography.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the application value of personalized patient protocol technology (P3T) modular cardiac injection technique combined with the iterative reconstruction algorithm, sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 patients who underwent CCTA at the Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. Patients were divided into two groups: control group (n=20), which received the traditional contrast agent injection with fixed iodine load and injection flow rate, and filtered back projection reconstruction with filtered back projection (FBP), and experimental group (n=20), which employed a dosing protocol calculated based on P3T cardiac modular parameters, with SAFIRE strength 3 reconstruction.

Identification of 39 stripe rust resistance loci in a panel of 465 winter wheat entries presumed to have high-temperature adult-plant resistance through genome-wide association mapping and marker-assisted detection.

Stripe rust of wheat is a serious disease caused by f. sp. ().

Reduced contrast agent volume using a heart-rate dependent and free-breathing scanning protocol in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Background: The personalized, free-breathing, heart rate-dependent computed tomography angiography (CTA) protocol can significantly reduce the utilization of contrast medium (CM). This proves especially beneficial for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing coronary artery CTA examinations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a personalized CT scanning protocol that was tailored to patients' heart rate and free-breathing for coronary CTA of patients with COPD.

Dual-Phase Enhanced CT-Derived Radiomics Nomogram for Progression-Free Survival Prediction in Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: The objective is to establish a radiomics nomogram (Rad-nomogram) using dual-phase enhanced computed tomography (DPE-CT) for the prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) in patients diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma (ADC).

Methods: From DPE-CT scans, radiomic characteristics were retrieved from 133 patients diagnosed with stage IV lung ADC. Clinical data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Reducing amylose content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a novel Wx-D1 null allele generated by chemical mutagenesis.

Background: Amylose has a major influence over starch properties and end-use quality in wheat. The granule-bound starch synthase I, encoded by Wx-1, is the single enzyme responsible for amylose synthesis. Natural null mutants of Wx-1 appear at extremely low frequencies, particularly in the Wx-D1 locus, where only four spontaneous null variants have been identified, with different geographic origins.

An effector protein of Fusarium graminearum targets chloroplasts and suppresses cyclic photosynthetic electron flow.

Chloroplasts are important photosynthetic organelles that regulate plant immunity, growth, and development. However, the role of fungal secretory proteins in linking the photosystem to the plant immune system remains largely unknown. Our systematic characterization of 17 chloroplast-targeting secreted proteins of Fusarium graminearum indicated that Fg03600 is an important virulence factor.

Identification and characterization of QSFS.sau-MC-5A for sterile florets genetically independent of fertile ones per spike in wheat.

A major and stable QTL for sterile florets per spike and sterile florets per spikelet was identified, it was mapped within a 2.22-Mb interval on chromosome 5AL, and the locus was validated using two segregating populations with different genetic backgrounds. Both the number of fertile florets per spike (FFS) and the number of sterile florets per spike (SFS) significantly influence the final yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Analysis of vascular thrombus and clinicopathological factors in prognosis of gastric cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and its prognosis is closely related to many factors. In recent years, the incidence of vascular thrombosis in patients with GC has gradually attracted increasing attention, and studies have shown that it may have a significant impact on the survival rate and prognosis of patients. However, the specific mechanism underlying the association between vascular thrombosis and the prognosis of patients with GC remains unclear.

Introgression of tetraploid 6EL segments enhances the stripe rust resistance of adult wheat plants.

Unlabelled: Preventing the widespread occurrence of stripe rust in wheat largely depends on the identification of new stripe rust resistance genes and the breeding of cultivars with durable resistance. In previous study, we reported 6E of wheat-tetraploid 6E (6D) substitution line contains adult-stage stripe rust resistance genes. In this study, three novel wheat-tetraploid translocation lines were generated from the offspring of a cross between common wheat and the 6E (6D) substitution line.

The RING-finger ubiquitin E3 ligase TaPIR1 targets TaHRP1 for degradation to suppress chloroplast function.

Chloroplasts are key players in photosynthesis and immunity against microbial pathogens. However, the precise and timely regulatory mechanisms governing the control of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) expression in plant immunity remain largely unknown. Here we report that TaPIR1, a Pst-induced RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates Pst resistance by specifically interacting with TaHRP1, an atypical transcription factor histidine-rich protein.

Integration of transcriptomics, metabolomics, and hormone analysis revealed the formation of lesion spots inhibited by GA and CTK was related to cell death and disease resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Background: Wheat is one of the important grain crops in the world. The formation of lesion spots related to cell death is involved in disease resistance, whereas the regulatory pathway of lesion spot production and resistance mechanism to pathogens in wheat is largely unknown.

Results: In this study, a pair of NILs (NIL-Lm5 and NIL-Lm5) was constructed from the BCF population by the wheat lesion mimic mutant MC21 and its wild genotype Chuannong 16.

Recombinant human growth hormone promotes wound angiogenesis in burned mice through the ERK signaling pathway.

Burns are the most severe type of trauma, and the resulting ischemia and hypoxia damage can promote the dysfunction and even failure of tissues and organs throughout the body, endangering patients' life safety. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has the functions of promoting protein synthesis to reverse negative nitrogen balance, accelerating wound healing, and improving immune function, which is widely used in the treatment of burns. However, the exact mechanism and pathway of rhGH's action is not yet fully understood.

Identification of candidate genes for adult plant stripe rust resistance transferred from Aegilops ventricosa 2NS into wheat via fine mapping and transcriptome analysis.

An adult plant gene for resistance to stripe rust was narrowed down to the proximal one-third of the 2NS segment translocated from Aegilops ventricosa to wheat chromosome arm 2AS, and based on the gene expression analysis, two candidate genes were identified showing a stronger response at the adult plant stage compared to the seedling stage. The 2NS translocation from Aegilops ventricosa, known for its resistance to various diseases, has been pivotal in global wheat breeding for more than three decades. Here, we identified an adult plant resistance (APR) gene in the 2NS segment in wheat line K13-868.

A co-located QTL for seven spike architecture-related traits shows promising breeding use potential in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

A co-located novel QTL for TFS, FPs, FMs, FFS, FFPs, KWS, and KWPs with potential of improving wheat yield was identified and validated. Spike-related traits, including fertile florets per spike (FFS), kernel weight per spike (KWS), total florets per spike (TFS), florets per spikelet (FPs), florets in the middle spikelet (FMs), fertile florets per spikelet (FFPs), and kernel weight per spikelet (KWPs), are key traits in improving wheat yield. In the present study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for these traits evaluated under various environments were detected in a recombinant inbred line population (msf/Chuannong 16) mainly genotyped using the 16 K SNP array.