Battery Cathode with Vertically Aligned Microstructure Fabricated by Directional Ice Templating.

Conventional slurry coating (SC) makes battery electrodes with random microstructure containing tortuous pores that restrict lithium ion diffusion and reduce battery capacities at faster discharge rates. Herein, a novel directional ice templating (DIT) is developed to make LiNiMnCoO (NMC811) cathodes that double the electrode mass loading and contain vertically aligned lamellae of electrode materials and pore channels to provide fast dual electron and ion transport. DIT uses in situ evolved ice structures to form the anisotropic microstructure.

Antidepressant effect of the peptide EIILEAGK from Apostichopus japonicus via inflammatory and mitochondrial regulations in a lipopolysaccharide mouse model.

An increasing number of studies support the hypothesis of inflammation-induced depression, and several anti-inflammatory drugs are known to target tumour necrosis factor ɑ (TNF-ɑ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) to show antidepressant potential. Here, a novel peptide derived from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was found to have an anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in the brain tissue and blood of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. Interestingly, LPS-induced depressive symptoms in mice were significantly improved after peptide treatment.

PPARγ activation reduces pancreatic beta cell death in type 1 diabetes by decreasing heparanase-dependent insulitis.

While the majority of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) receives lifelong exogenous insulin replacement therapy, a clinically significant subset remains refractory to achieving optimal glycemic targets, necessitating the exploration of novel adjunctive medications to enhance T1D treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of rosiglitazone (ROZ), a typical thiazolidinedione as selective agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), in the therapeutic management of T1D. The pharmacological effects of ROZ in different T1D mouse models induced by either multiple-low-dose (MLD) or single-high-dose (SHD) streptozotocin (STZ).

Ruthenium Single-Atom Nanozyme Driven Sonosensitizer with Oxygen Vacancies Enhances Electron-Hole Separation Efficacy and Remodels Tumor Microenvironment for Sonodynamic-Amplified Ferroptosis.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a promising noninvasive approach for tumor therapy. However, the effectiveness of traditional inorganic semiconductor sonosensitizers is hindered by rapid electron (e) and hole (h) recombination under ultrasonic (US) stimulation, as well as the hypoxic and reductive conditions of tumor microenvironment (TME), which limit the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, a ruthenium (Ru) single-atom nanozyme-driven superimposition-enhanced titanium dioxide-based sonosensitizer (Ru/TiO SAE) is presented that features sufficient oxygen vacancies and high e/h separation efficiency.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Interflight Variability in Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Global Aviation.

Aviation represents one of the most formidable sectors to address in terms of CO emission mitigation. The determinants of emission variability among individual flights remain inadequately understood, thereby hindering the development of effective mitigation strategies. Here, employing an extensive flight tracking data set (Flightradar24), we assess the interflight variability in CO emissions from global aviation with an unprecedented level of spatial and temporal granularity─down to meters and seconds, respectively.

Analyzing Radiation Protection Risks in Nuclear Medicine: Cause Investigation and WSR-Based Countermeasure Evaluation.

Objective: To analyze and investigate the causes of radiation protection safety risks in nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment, formulate radiation protection safety management countermeasures, and evaluate their effectiveness.

Methods: In October 2020, the Department of Nuclear Medicine at our hospital established a radiation protection safety management team, utilizing association rules to investigate and analyze the causes of radiation protection safety risks. A Wuli-Shili-Renli (WSR) system management approach was implemented, addressing physical (Wuli), procedural (Shili), and human factors (Renli) to improve technical safeguards, optimize processes, and enhance personnel awareness.

Slow Metabolism-Driven Amplification of Hepatic PPARγ Agonism Mediates Benzbromarone-Induced Obesity-Specific Liver Injury.

Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are established risk factors for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The previous study demonstrates that benzbromarone (BBR), a commonly prescribed pharmaceutical agent for managing gout and hyperuricemia, exacerbates hepatic steatosis and liver injury specifically in obese individuals. However, the precise mechanism underpinning this adverse effect remains incompletely elucidated.

Long-Cycling, Fast-Charging Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Nickel-Carbon Composite Nanosheet Arrays Modified Lithium Metal Anodes.

Lithium (Li) metal anode, one of the most promising candidates for next-generation rechargeable batteries, has always suffered from uneven Li deposition/stripping. To address this issue, this work designs a novel nickel-carbon composite modified Li metal anode (FNC-NF) by carbonizing fluoride nickel hydroxide nanosheet arrays grown on nickel foam (NF). These electrochemical tests present that the conductive and lithiophilic FNC can effectively restrain the growth of Li dendrites during the cycling of Li deposition/stripping at large capacities up to 10 mAh cm.

Thermal transport in CNmonolayer: a machine learning based molecular dynamics study.

The successful synthesis of a novel CNcarbon nitride monolayer offers expansive prospects for applications in the fields of semiconductors, sensors, and gas separation technologies, in which the thermal transport properties of CNare crucial for optimizing the functionality and reliability of these applications. In this work, based on our developed machine learning potential (MLP), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations including homogeneous non-equilibrium, non-equilibrium, and their respective spectral decomposition methods are performed to investigate the effects of phonon transport, temperature, and length on the thermal conductivity of CNmonolayer. Our results reveal that low-frequency and in-plane phonon modes dominate the thermal conductivity.

Emerging platinum(IV) prodrug nanotherapeutics: A new epoch for platinum-based cancer therapy.

Owing to the unique DNA damaging cytotoxicity, platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapy has long been the first-line choice for clinical oncology. Unfortunately, Pt drugs are restricted by the severe dose-dependent toxicity and drug resistance. Correspondingly, Pt(IV) prodrugs are developed with the aim to improve the antitumor performance of Pt drugs.

The heparan sulfate mimetic Muparfostat aggravates steatohepatitis in obese mice due to its binding affinity to lipoprotein lipase.

Background And Purpose: Heparanase is the only confirmed endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS), a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan with various essential roles in multiple pathological processes. Thus, the development of heparanase inhibitors has become an attractive strategy for drug discovery, especially in tumour therapy, in which HS mimetics are the most promising compounds. The various biological effects of heparanase also suggest a role for HS mimetics in many non-cancer indications, such as type 1 diabetes.

Proactive therapeutic drug monitoring of vincristine in pediatric and adult cancer patients: current supporting evidence and future efforts.

Vincristine (VCR), an effective antitumor drug, has been utilized in several polytherapy regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. However, clinical evidence shows that the metabolism of VCR varies greatly among patients. The traditional based body surface area (BSA) administration method is prone to insufficient exposure to VCR or severe VCR-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (VIPN).

Electroactive aniline tetramer-spider silks with conductive and electrochromic functionality.

Electroactive aniline tetramer-spider silk composite fibers with high conductivity and mechanical strength were developed using a dip coating method. The fabricated spider silk composite fibers retain the high mechanical strength (0.92 GPa) and unique reversible relaxation-contraction behavior of spider dragline silks.

Artificial tumor microenvironment regulated by first hemorrhage for enhanced tumor targeting and then occlusion for synergistic bioactivation of hypoxia-sensitive platesomes.

The unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) could be exploited to develop antitumor nanomedicine strategies. However, in many cases, the actual therapeutic effect is far from reaching our expectations due to the notable tumor heterogeneity. Given the amplified characteristics of TME regulated by vascular disrupting agents (VDAs), nanomedicines may achieve unexpected improved efficacy.

Pure drug nano-assemblies: A facile carrier-free nanoplatform for efficient cancer therapy.

Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have emerged as possible solution to the obstacles of anticancer drug delivery. However, the clinical outcomes and translation are restricted by several drawbacks, such as low drug loading, premature drug leakage and carrier-related toxicity. Recently, pure drug nano-assemblies (PDNAs), fabricated by the self-assembly or co-assembly of pure drug molecules, have attracted considerable attention.

Zwitterion-Driven Shape Program of Prodrug Nanoassemblies with High Stability, High Tumor Accumulation, and High Antitumor Activity.

Prodrug nanoassemblies have emerged as a promising platform for the delivery of anticancer drugs. PEGylation is a "gold standard" to improve colloidal stability and pharmacokinetics of nanomedicines. However, the clinical application of PEG materials is challenged by in vivo oxidative degradation and immunogenicity.

Small-Molecule Prodrug Nanoassemblies: An Emerging Nanoplatform for Anticancer Drug Delivery.

The antitumor efficiency and clinical translation of traditional nanomedicines is mainly restricted by low drug loading, complex preparation technology, and potential toxicity caused by the overused carrier materials. In recent decades, small-molecule prodrug nanoassemblies (SMP-NAs), which are formed by the self-assembly of prodrugs themselves, have been widely investigated with distinct advantages of ultrahigh drug-loading and negligible excipients-trigged adverse reaction. Benefited from the simple preparation process, SMP-NAs are widely used for chemotherapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, and tumor diagnosis.

Dithiolation indolizine exerts viability suppression effects on A549 cells via triggering intrinsic apoptotic pathways and inducing G2/M phase arrest.

Indolizine derivatives have been reported for the treatment of numerous diseases. However, few studies were carried out for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We synthesized series of indolizine compounds.

Light-triggered dual-modality drug release of self-assembled prodrug-nanoparticles for synergistic photodynamic and hypoxia-activated therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) leads to tumor hypoxia which could be utilized for the activation of hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs). However, conventional photosensitizer-loaded nanoformulations suffer from an aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, which limits the efficiency of PDT and synergistic therapy. Herein, prodrug-nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared by the self-assembly of heterodimeric prodrugs composed of pyropheophorbide a (PPa), hypoxia-activated prodrug PR104A, and a thioether or thioketal linkage.

A Novel Indolizine Derivative Induces Apoptosis Through the Mitochondria p53 Pathway in HepG2 Cells.

Indolizine derivatives are a class of compounds with excellent biological activity. In this study, a series of indolizine derivatives, compound 1 (C1), compound 2 (C2), compound 3 (C3), and compound 4 (C4), were synthesized. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole)-2,5-diphenyltetraazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate their cytotoxicity against HepG2 (p53-wild), A549, and HeLa cell lines.