Screening and eradication of or gastric cancer prevention: Taipei Global Consensus II.

Objective: To convene a global consensus on () screening and eradication strategies for gastric cancer prevention, identify key knowledge gaps and outline future research directions.

Methods: 32 experts from 12 countries developed and refined consensus statements on management, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework to assess evidence and the Delphi method to achieve ≥80% agreement.

Results: Consensus was achieved on 28 statements.

Predictive Machine Learning Model in ICU Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure and Two or More Organ Failures.

Background: Prediction of short-term mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) may enhance effective management.

Methods: To develop, explain, and validate a predictive machine learning (ML) model for short-term mortality in patients with ACLF with two or more organ failures (OFs). Utilizing a large ICU cohort with detailed clinical information, we identified ACLF patients with two or more OFs according to the EASL-CLIF and NACSELD definitions.

Fabrication of microlens array using backside exposure and DMD-based grayscale lithography.

This paper explores the fabrication of aspherical microlens arrays using a grayscale ultraviolet (UV) exposure system based on a digital micromirror device (DMD). The proposed DMD-based lithography system employs an oblique stepping method, where the DMD array is slightly tilted in the stepping direction to perform step-by-step grayscale UV exposure. This approach assigns the DMD pixels to a group of exposure points that are uniformly distributed over a large area with high spatial resolution.

Compositional and Metabolomic Shifts of the Gut Microbiome in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major global health concern characterized by steatosis and liver inflammation due to chronic alcohol consumption. Emerging evidence suggests that ALD is not solely a liver pathology but also involves dysfunction of the gut-liver axis, where alterations in the gut microbiota play a significant role. Although alcohol-associated dysbiosis has been extensively studied, whether these microbial changes contribute to ALD development or are merely a consequence of alcohol exposure remains unclear.

Psoriasis Risk in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis Treated With Dupilumab.

Importance: Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have been reported to develop psoriasis during dupilumab treatment. Whether this represents a true association or an incidental event remains unclear.

Objective: To compare psoriasis risk in patients with AD who are prescribed dupilumab vs other systemic agents.

Identifying Disinformation on the Extended Impacts of COVID-19: Methodological Investigation Using a Fuzzy Ranking Ensemble of Natural Language Processing Models.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the continuous spread of misinformation on the internet posed an ongoing threat to public trust and understanding of epidemic prevention policies. Although the pandemic is now under control, information regarding the risks of long-term COVID-19 effects and reinfection still needs to be integrated into COVID-19 policies.

Objective: This study aims to develop a robust and generalizable deep learning framework for detecting misinformation related to the prolonged impacts of COVID-19 by integrating pretrained language models (PLMs) with an innovative fuzzy rank-based ensemble approach.

Cardiovascular disease risk in patients with psoriasis receiving biologics targeting TNF-α, IL-12/23, IL-17, and IL-23: A population-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Psoriasis is associated with various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to compare the risk of CVD in patients with psoriasis who were prescribed biologics or oral therapies, and to assess the association between different classes of biologics and CVD risk.

Methods And Findings: This retrospective cohort study utilized the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network (2014-2025).

Development of live biotherapeutic products: a position statement of Asia-Pacific Microbiota Consortium.

Objective: Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) are biological products composed of living micro-organisms, developed to prevent, treat, or cure diseases. Examples include cultured strains of and , as well as treatments using purified Firmicutes spores for recurrent infections. There is a need for guidelines over the increasing interest in developing LBPs.

Preparation and characterization of microcapsules for tuna oil by maillard reaction products of whey protein isolate and Arabic gum via complex coacervation.

This study aimed to prepare Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from whey protein isolate (WPI) and different reducing sugars (glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose), and utilize the optimal MRPs to fabricate tuna oil (TO) microcapsules for enhancing TO's storage stability. The results showed that the optimal wet heat reaction duration of WPI and reducing sugar was 8 h at 75 °C. Glycosylation improves the functional properties of WPI.

Gastrointestinal comorbidities in patients with acne vulgaris: A population-based retrospective study.

Background: The gut-skin-brain axis has been long postulated in acne vulgaris. Few studies focused on bowel habits in patients with acne vulgaris have yielded controversial results.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between acne vulgaris and gastrointestinal comorbidities.

Automatic localization and deep convolutional generative adversarial network-based classification of focal liver lesions in computed tomography images: A preliminary study.

Background And Aim: Computed tomography of the abdomen exhibits subtle and complex features of liver lesions, subjectively interpreted by physicians. We developed a deep learning-based localization and classification (DLLC) system for focal liver lesions (FLLs) in computed tomography imaging that could assist physicians in more robust clinical decision-making.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study (approval no.

Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B with mildly elevated aminotransferase: A rollover study from the TORCH-B trial.

Background/aims: Treatment indications for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain contentious, particularly for patients with mild alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation. We aimed to evaluate treatment effects in this patient population.

Methods: This rollover study extended a placebo-controlled trial that enrolled non-cirrhotic patients with CHB and ALT levels below two times the upper limit of normal.

Seven-Day Vonoprazan-Based Triple Therapy as First-Line Helicobacter pylori Treatment in Comparison With Extended Sequential Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, has demonstrated greater potency and a longer duration of acid suppression when compared to the proton pump inhibitors. However, data regarding the comparison between vonoprazan-based triple therapy with standard treatment for first-line Helicobacter pylori treatment are limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy between 7-day vonoprazan-based triple therapy with high-dose amoxicillin (VAC-7) and 14-day extended sequential therapy (S-14).

Short-chain fatty acids ameliorate imiquimod-induced skin thickening and IL-17 levels and alter gut microbiota in mice: a metagenomic association analysis.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been proposed to have anti-inflammatory effects and improve immune homeostasis. We aimed to examine the effects of SCFAs on skin phenotype, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiota in mice with psoriasis-like inflammation. Imiquimod (IMQ)-treated C57BL/6 mice served as the study model.

Association between Air Quality Index and the risk of rosacea: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: Air pollution is associated with several inflammatory skin disorders. However, the association between air quality and rosacea remains unclear.

Objectives: To investigate the association between the Air Quality Index (AQI) and incidence of rosacea.

Nuclear factor interleukin 3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease development.

This study investigates sex-specific effects in a gain-of-function model to evaluate Nfil3 function in relation to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and gut microbiota (GM)-induced alterations in the bile acid (BA) profile. MASLD is induced in both wild type and Nfil3-deficient (NKO) C57BL/6 J mice through an HFD. The hepatic immune response is evaluated using flow cytometry, revealing that NKO mice exhibit lower body weight, serum triglyceride (TG) levels, tissue injury, inflammation, and fat accumulation.

Clinical guidelines for early hepatocellular carcinoma treatment options: a systematic review and bibliometric analysis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with treatment options including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and surgical resection. This study evaluates the evolving guidelines for these treatments to identify the current consensus and divergences.

Method: The authors conducted a systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines of documents from 2017 to 2024 by major liver societies.

Hypersensitivity of the vimentin cytoskeleton to net-charge states and Coulomb repulsion.

As with most intermediate filament systems, the hierarchical self-assembly of vimentin into nonpolar filaments requires no nucleators or energy input. Utilizing a set of live-cell, single-molecule, and super-resolution microscopy tools, here we show that in mammalian cells, the assembly and disassembly of the vimentin cytoskeleton is highly sensitive to the protein net charge state. Starting with the intriguing observation that the vimentin cytoskeleton fully disassembles under hypotonic stress yet reassembles within seconds upon osmotic pressure recovery, we pinpoint ionic strength as its underlying driving factor.

Liver resection had better disease-free survival rates compared with radiofrequency ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis based on randomized clinical trials.

Background: Liver resection (LR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are the most commonly used treatment modalities for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (ES-HCC). The comparative efficacy of LR and RFA in ES-HCC remains debated. The authors conducted a meta-analysis based on randomized trials to compare the outcomes of LR and RFA.

Reduced atopic march risk in pediatric atopic dermatitis patients prescribed dupilumab versus conventional immunomodulatory therapy: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Dupilumab effectively treats atopic dermatitis (AD); however, its role in halting the atopic march remains uncertain.

Objective: To investigate dupilumab's effect on atopic march in pediatric AD patients versus conventional immunomodulators.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network (2011-2024).

LC-MS/MS and EMIT measure the whole blood concentration of cyclosporine A: The two methods yield concordant results within the dynamic range of the latter, but the former shows broader application scenarios.

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressive drug with a narrow therapeutic index and large individual differences. Its therapeutic and toxic effects are closely related to blood drug concentrations, requiring routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The current main methods for TDM of CsA are enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Direct effects of alcohol on gut-epithelial barrier: Unraveling the disruption of physical and chemical barrier of the gut-epithelial barrier that compromises the host-microbiota interface upon alcohol exposure.

The development of alcohol-associated diseases is multifactorial, mechanism of which involves metabolic alteration, dysregulated immune response, and a perturbed intestinal host-environment interface. Emerging evidence has pinpointed the critical role of the intestinal host-microbiota interaction in alcohol-induced injuries, suggesting its contribution to disease initiation and development. To maintain homeostasis in the gut, the intestinal mucosa serves as the first-line defense against exogenous factors in the gastrointestinal tract, including dietary contents and the commensal microbiota.