Exosomal tsRNA-Gly-5-0007 may be used as a diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors nowadays, with the highest mortality rate among cancers, and most patients have metastasis when diagnosed. Exosomes contain bioactive molecules such as RNA, which can participate in signal transduction between cells. tRF is a new type of non-coding small RNA, which plays an important role in the progression of cancer.

Methylation aberrations and genomic instability synergistically drive the evolution of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Aims & Methods: DNA methylation and genomic instability are critical drivers of cancer initiation and malignant progression. However, the roles of methylation aberrations and genomic instability in malignant progression have not been thoroughly investigated in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). To address this, we identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) from 341 ICC samples across various stages.

Functional Characterization of Gene Reveals Its Roles in the Vegetative Growth, Stress Adaptation, and Virulence of .

, a major postharvest pathogen, causes blue mold decay in apples, resulting in substantial economic losses and mycotoxin contamination. Despite the importance of effector proteins in fungal pathogenicity, the role of metalloproteases in remains unclear. Here, we characterize an effector candidate, PeMep, through whole genome sequencing and functional analyses.

Exogenous brassinosteroids improve the structure and quality properties of waxy maize starch under post-silking heat and drought stress.

Global climate change-induced heat and drought stresses severely reduce maize yield and starch quality. This study investigated the effects of post-silking heat-stress, drought-stress, and their combination on waxy maize starch physicochemical properties and examined the regulatory role of exogenous brassinosteroids. Compared to the control, combined stress, heat-stress, and drought-stress reduced yield by 44.

Starch physicochemical properties of normal and waxy maize under extremely high temperatures during flowering and early grain-filling stages.

Extremely high temperature (HT) is a critical factor limiting maize yield and quality, particularly during the flowering and early grain-filling stages. The study aimed to explore the differential effects of HT during flowering (T1), early grain-filling (T2), and both stages (T3) on the physicochemical properties of starch in normal and waxy maize. For waxy maize, T2 increased the retrogradation percentage (%R) and the content of rapidly digestible starch, whereas T1 had no significant effect in this regard.

MiR-124-3p inhibits proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in gastric cancer by targeting ITGB1.

Objective: To investigate the functional interaction between miR-124-3p and integrin β1 (ITGB1) in gastric cancer.

Methods: A comprehensive approach integrating bioinformatic prediction with experimental validation was employed. The study used dual luciferase reporter assay, CCK-8 assay, RT-qPCR, western blotting, wound healing assay, and transwell assays to systematically investigate the role of the miR-124-3p/ITGB1 regulatory axis in gastric cancer cell models.

VEGF secreted by human dental pulp stem cell promotes spinal cord injury repair by inhibiting microglial pyroptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a devastating central nervous system disorder. The complex pathological microenvironment following SCI, particularly the imbalance in neuroinflammation, contributes to its therapeutic challenges. Microglial pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, is pivotal in exacerbating neuroinflammation and secondary tissue damage after SCI.

Effects of different fertilizer combinations on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize in Jiangsu Province, China.

The rational application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer plays a crucial role in promoting crop growth and increasing yields. The application of slow-release fertilizer has emerged as an important agronomic measure to further increase yield and production efficiency. In this study, a field trial with the maize hybrid Jiangyu877 was conducted to investigate the effects of six fertilizer combinations [no fertilizer (P1), common N application (P2), slow-release N application (P3), common N and slow-release N 1:1 application (P4), 1:2 application (P5), and 2:1 application (P6)] on yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).

Vaccarin ameliorates osteoarthritis by suppressing the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) pathway mediating chondrocyte senescence.

Background: Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease marked by chondrocyte senescence and extracellular matrix degradation. Vaccarin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has not been previously investigated for its therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis.

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic potential of Vaccarin in osteoarthritis and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Multiomics approach reveals the comprehensive interactions between nutrition and children's gut microbiota, and microbial and host metabolomes.

The gut microbiome can modulate nutrient metabolism to produce many metabolites interacting with the host. However, the intricate interactions among dietary intake, the gut microbiome and metabolites, and host metabolites need to be further explored although some studies have been devoted to it. Here, in a cross-sectional studies, 88 children aged 2-12 years were enrolled from northwestern China.

Switchable Multi-Spectral Electromagnetic Defense in the Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Gigahertz, and Terahertz Bands Using a Magnetically-Controllable Soft Actuator.

Traditional passive single-spectrum electromagnetic defense materials are inadequate to defend against complex multispectral electromagnetic threats. Herein, a bilayer heterofilm (BLH film)-based magnetically controllable soft actuator (MCSA), comprising a defense unit and a drive unit, is constructed. The defense unit offers multispectral electromagnetic protection, while the drive unit enables active defense via magnetic actuation.

WO@Ferrocene-Folic Acid Composites Induce Cancer Cell Death and Activate Immunity via PTT/CDT.

At present, tumor immune escape is a major problem in the treatment of tumors. The complex network of tumor microenvironments significantly impairs the efficacy of immunotherapy. This paper reports the preparation and immunoantitumor activity of a novel multifunctional defect tungsten trioxide@ferrocene-folic acid composite (WO@Fe-FA) with a high Fenton reaction rate.

DFedADMM: Dual Constraint Controlled Model Inconsistency for Decentralize Federated Learning.

To address the communication burden issues associated with Federated Learning (FL), Decentralized Federated Learning (DFL) discards the central server and establishes a decentralized communication network, where each client communicates only with neighboring clients. However, existing DFL methods still suffer from two major challenges: local inconsistency and local heterogeneous overfitting, which existing DFL methods have not fundamentally addressed. To tackle these issues, we propose novel DFL algorithms, DFedADMM and its enhanced version DFedADMM-SAM, to improve the performance for DFL.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the panoramic picture of TOP2A in pan-cancer.

Topoisomerases are critical nuclear enzymes that resolve DNA topological challenges during genetic processes. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive multi-omics analysis of TOP2A from a pan-cancer perspective, despite its significance. A multiomics analysis was conducted to investigate TOP2A across various cancer types.

Salicylic Acid Cooperates With Lignin and Sucrose Signals to Alleviate Waxy Maize Leaf Senescence Under Heat Stress.

Leaf senescence induced by high temperature (HT) has become a primary factor limiting maize yield, particularly during the filling stage. Exogenous salicylic acid (SA) has emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate leaf senescence and HT-induced damage, though its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of SA application on waxy maize subjected to HT during the early filling stage.

Numerical simulation study on drag reduction performance of streamline collective model on plane.

The energy carried by underwater vehicles is primarily employed to overcome water resistance. Reducing resistance can significantly enhance the speed and endurance of underwater vehicles. This study draws inspiration from biomimicry principles and proposes a novel drag reduction method inspired by the structural dynamics of fish schools.

Global Protein Interactome Mapping in Rice Using Barcode-Indexed PCR Coupled with HiFi Long-Read Sequencing.

Establishing the protein-protein interaction network sheds light on functional genomics studies by providing insights from known counterparts. However, the rice interactome has barely been studied due to the lack of massive, reliable, and cost-effective methodologies. Here, the development of a barcode-indexed PCR coupled with HiFi long-read sequencing pipeline (BIP-seq) is reported for high throughput Protein Protein Interaction (PPI)identification.

Exosomal miR-320d promotes angiogenesis and colorectal cancer metastasis via targeting GNAI1 to affect the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor, whose growth and metastasis are influenced by numerous factors. MicroRNAs have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their involvement in tumor development. Exosomes are involved in intercellular signaling and influence tumor development by promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis through activation of angiogenesis and other mechanisms.

A novel nanomedicine integrating ferroptosis and photothermal therapy, well-suitable for PD-L1-mediated immune checkpoint blockade.

Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as a promising treatment strategy; however, the therapeutic efficacy is limited by the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we developed a novel immune-activated nanoparticle (Fc-SS-Fe/Cu) to address the issue of insufficient immune infiltration. Specifically, the structure of Fc-SS-Fe/Cu collapsed in response to the tumor microenvironment, the ferrocene and disulfide bonds and the released Fe/Cu ions can effectively generate ·OH and deplete GSH to increase oxidative stress, thereby inducing ferroptosis.

miRTarBase 2025: updates to the collection of experimentally validated microRNA-target interactions.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18-26 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression by interacting with target mRNAs, affecting various physiological and pathological processes. miRTarBase, a database of experimentally validated miRNA-target interactions (MTIs), now features over 3 817 550 validated MTIs from 13 690 articles, significantly expanding its previous version. The updated database includes miRNA interactions with therapeutic agents, revealing roles in drug resistance and therapeutic strategies.

Enhancing production efficiency through optimizing plant density in maize-soybean strip intercropping.

Introduction: Due to limited arable land resources, intercropping has emerged as an efficient and sustainable production method for increasing total grain yield per unit land area. Maize-soybean strip intercropping (MSSI) technology is being widely promoted and applied across China. However, the combination of optimal density for achieving higher production efficiency of both soybean and maize remains unclear.

Effect of high temperature on maize yield and grain components: A meta-analysis.

Global warming poses a significant challenge to global food security, with maize playing a vital role as a staple crop in ensuring food availability worldwide. Therefore, investigating the impact of high temperature (HT) on maize cultivation is imperative for addressing food security concerns. Despite numerous studies exploring the effects of HT on maize growth and yield, a comprehensive understanding of these effects remains elusive due to variations in experimental environments, varieties, and growth stages.

Tumor-exosomal miR-205-5p as a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer.

Background: Tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs play crucial roles in cancer diagnosis. Current studies aim to identify exosomal miRNAs associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) that are noninvasive, sensitive, and specific.

Patients And Methods: Exosomes were extracted from CRC patients and healthy donors via ultracentrifugation, followed by verification via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), qNano, and Western blot analysis.

Effects of a UV absorber in silica-loaded resin on DLP silica fiber preform fabrication.

3D printing technologies have distinguished advantages in manufacturing arbitrary shapes and complex structures that have attracted us to use digital light processing (DLP) technology for specialty silica optical fiber preforms. One of the main tasks is to develop an appropriate recipe for DLP resin that is UV sensitive and loaded with silica nanoparticles. In this work, the effects of a UV absorber in highly silica-loaded resin on DLP printing are experimentally investigated.