Migrasomes: a promising extracellular vesicle-like novel organelle for bone regeneration.

Bone regeneration represents a key objective in bone tissue engineering and involves a series of coordinated biological processes, including immunomodulation, neuroregulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Recent studies have underscored the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in promoting osteogenesis and facilitating the repair of bone defects, supporting their application as a promising cell-free strategy in regenerative medicine. Migrasomes, vesicle-like organelles anchored to retraction fibers and first identified in 2015, have emerged as key mediators in intercellular communication, lateral transfer of mRNA and proteins, and mitochondrial homeostasis.

The -type microbial communities are widespread in hot springs of the Tibet-Yunnan geothermal zone.

The microorganisms are main drivers of biogeochemical processes in geothermal ecosystems. The dissimilatory nitrate-to-ammonium reduction pathway (DNRA) could act as an alternative source of ammonium and provide an important nitrogen supply for the maintenance of geothermal ecosystems. Investigating the distribution of DNRA-functional bacteria is of great significance to understanding the source of biological nitrogen production in geothermal environments.

Molecular Insight into the Recognition of DNA by the DndCDE Complex in DNA Phosphorothioation.

In a vast variety of prokaryotes such as and , the DNA degradation (Dnd) CDE protein complex (consisting of DndC, DndD, and DndE), together with the DndA/IscS protein and the DndFGH complex, function as a defense barrier to prevent the invasion of non-self-DNA. The DndCDE complex introduces phosphorothioation (PT) modifications into DNA, and the DndFGH complex specifically cleaves non-PT DNA and, thus, restricts horizontal gene transfer and phage invasion. Despite the central importance of the DndCDE complex in DNA PT modification, which catalyzes the oxygen-sulfur swap on DNA, our understanding of this key complex remains poor.

Programmable Assembly of Hierarchical 3D Aerogel.

3D porous ordered aerogels attract considerable attention in catalysis, energy storage, and biomedical engineering, yet the precise construction of aerogels' microstructures remains challenging. Herein, inspired by secondary dendrite formation in metal casting, a programmable assembly strategy is reported to customize 3D hierarchical ordered aerogels through freeze casting with internal cold fingers (ICF). As revealed by the temperature field and phase-transition simulations, the ICF effectively regulates the temperature gradient, which subsequently controls the nucleation process, and growth orientation of ice crystals during the solidification of the ice template.

Temperature-Dependent Regulation of Denitrification Intermediates in High-Temperature Ecosystems.

Incomplete denitrification generates diverse nitrogen intermediates (e.g., NO, NO), which may reshape nitrogen redox dynamics and modulate ecosystem functions.

Universal Coating Strategy Breaks Stability-Performance Trade-Off in Macroscopic Graphene Films.

Macroscopic graphene film (MGF), excelling in superior electric and thermal conductivities, holds great promise in energy storage, thermal management, and flexible electronics. However, the high graphitization of MGF leads to surface fragility because of the weak interlayer interaction, leading to severe performance limitations. Herein, we report an interface engineering strategy for the thinnest coating on MGF to date, significantly enhancing surface stability while preserving ultrahigh electric and thermal conductivities.

Phase Engineering of Atomically Dispersed Fe-Doped Amorphous RuO Nanosheets via Amorphous-Amorphous Transition for Oxygen Activation.

Amorphous nanomaterials with identical compositions can possess distinct atomic structures, which significantly influence their performance, underscoring the importance of phase engineering in amorphous nanomaterials. However, the high Gibbs free energy and complex structures associated with their disordered atomic arrangements pose a significant challenge to the phase engineering of amorphous nanomaterials. Herein, we achieved phase engineering of atomically dispersed Fe-doped amorphous RuO nanosheets (A-Fe/RuO NSs) through amorphous-amorphous transition strategies.

Pyrite stimulates the growth and sulfur oxidation capacity of anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria in euxinic environments.

Anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria flourish in contemporary and ancient euxinic environments, driving the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and sulfur. However, it is unclear how these strict anaerobes meet their high demand for iron in iron-depleted environments. Here, we report that pyrite, a widespread and highly stable iron sulfide mineral in anoxic, low-temperature environments, can support the growth and metabolic activity of anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria by serving as the sole iron source under iron-depleted conditions.

High-Entropy Metal Interstitials Activate TiO for Robust Catalytic Oxidation.

Substitution metal doping strategies are crucial for developing catalysts capable of activating O, but the leaching of metal dopants has greatly hindered their potential for extensive oxidation reactions under mild conditions. Here, the study develops an entropy-increase strategy to synthesize high-entropy metal (Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Co) interstitial functionalized anatase TiO (HE-TiO) nanosheets, demonstrating remarkable degradation efficiency across a wide pH range and exceptional stability in a flow-by electro-catalytic reactor. Relative to that of pristine TiO, the intense lattice distortion on the (001) plane, an average lattice expansion of 2% on the (100) plane, and decrease of second shell peak of X-ray absorption spectra serve as compelling evidence for the formation of metal interstitials in HE-TiO.

Adenoid facies: a long-term vicious cycle of mouth breathing, adenoid hypertrophy, and atypical craniofacial development.

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is characterized by pathological hyperplasia of the nasopharyngeal tonsils, a component of Waldryer's ring, which represents the first immune defense of the upper respiratory tract. The pathogenic factors contributing to AH remain to be comprehensively investigated to date. Although some studies suggest that environmental exposure to smoke and allergens, respiratory tract infections, and hormonal influences likely contribute to the development of AH, further research is necessary for fully elucidating the effects of these factors on the onset and progression of AH.

Programmable Self-Assembly from Two-Dimensional Nanosheets to Spiral, Twisted and Branched Nanostructures.

Self-assembly of nanomaterials into hierarchical structure is of great interest to fabricate functional materials. However, programmable design of the assembled structures remains a great challenge. Herein, we reported a programmable self-assembly strategy to customize the assembled structure.

Hydrogen sulfide alleviates endothelial glycocalyx damage and promotes placental angiogenesis in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Our previous study has shown that hydrogen sulfide (HS) can attenuate cigarette smoke exposure (CSE)-induced placental injury in rats. This study investigated whether HS alleviates CSE-induced endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) impairment and promotes placental angiogenesis in rats. Twenty-four pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, NaHS (a donor of HS), CSE, and CSE + NaHS.

Molecular basis of the phosphorothioation-sensing antiphage defense system IscS-DndBCDE-DndI.

Phosphorothioation serves as a DNA backbone modification mechanism, wherein a sulfur atom substitutes the nonbridging oxygen atom within the phosphodiester, facilitated by the gene products of dndABCDE or sspABCD. The combination of dndABCDE with dndFGH forms a bona fide defense system, where the DndFGH protein complex exhibits DNA nickase and DNA translocase activities to prevent phage invasion. In this study, we identified that dndI, co-transcribed with dndFGH, can independently couple with iscS-dndBCDE as an anti-phage defense system.

Matrix Stiffness of GelMA Hydrogels Regulates Lymphatic Endothelial Cells toward Enhanced Lymphangiogenesis.

Lymphatic vessel regeneration is crucial for various tissue engineering strategies, particularly in resolving inflammation and restoring tissue homeostasis. In our study, we focused on investigating how hydrogel matrix stiffness influences lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in promoting lymphatic vessel regeneration. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) was chosen as our biomaterial due to its versatility in tissue engineering and biofabrication.

Amorphous-Crystalline Interface Induced Internal Electric Fields for Electrochromic Smart Window.

Balancing optical modulation and response time is crucial for achieving high coloration efficiency in electrochromic materials. Here, internal electric fields are introduced to titanium dioxide nanosheets by constructing abundant amorphous-crystalline interfaces, ensuring large optical modulation while reducing response time and therefore improving coloration efficiency. Aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) reveals the presence of numerous amorphous-crystalline phase boundaries in titanium dioxide nanosheets.

In-situ atomic tracking of intermetallic compound formation during thermal annealing.

Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with ordered atomic structure have gained great attention as nanocatalysts for its enhanced activity and stability. Although the reliance of IMC preparation on high-temperature annealing is well known, a comprehensive understanding of the formation mechanisms of IMCs in this process is currently lacking. Here, we employ aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-HAADF-STEM) to track the formation process of IMCs on carbon supports during in-situ annealing, by taking PtFe as a case study within an industry-relevant impregnation synthesis framework.

Integration of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data reveals that CYTOR is a potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic response marker for skin cutaneous melanoma.

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a highly malignant tumor that is prone to immune escape and distant metastasis. Immunotherapy is considered to be the best treatment for patients with SKCM. However, not all patients benefit from it.

Surface-Diffusion-Induced Amorphization of Pt Nanoparticles over Ru Oxide Boost Acidic Oxygen Evolution.

Phase transformation offers an alternative strategy for the synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases, allowing us to further explore their unique properties and promising applications. Herein, we first observed the amorphization of Pt nanoparticles on the RuO surface by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate the low energy barrier and thermodynamic driving force for Pt atoms transferring from the Pt cluster to the RuO surface to form amorphous Pt.

Vertically Stacked Amorphous Ir/Ru/Ir Oxide Nanosheets for Boosted Acidic Water Splitting.

Integrating multiple functional components into vertically stacked heterostructures offers a prospective approach to manipulating the physicochemical properties of materials. The synthesis of vertically stacked heterogeneous noble metal oxides remains a challenge. Herein, we report a surface segregation approach to create vertically stacked amorphous Ir/Ru/Ir oxide nanosheets (NSs).

Universal Synthesis of Amorphous Metal Oxide Nanomeshes.

Constructing the pore structures in amorphous metal oxide nanosheets can enhance their electrocatalytic performance by efficiently increasing specific surface areas and facilitating mass transport in electrocatalysis. However, the accurate synthesis for porous amorphous metal oxide nanosheets remains a challenge. Herein, a facile nitrate-assisted oxidation strategy is reported for synthesizing amorphous mesoporous iridium oxide nanomeshes (a-m IrO NMs) with a pore size of ∼4 nm.

A retrospective study of the detection of sepsis pathogens comparing blood culture and culture-independent digital PCR.

Fast and precise identification of microorganisms in the early diagnosis of sepsis is crucial for enhancing patient outcomes. Digital PCR (dPCR) is a highly sensitive approach for absolute quantification that can be utilized as a culture-independent molecular technique for diagnosing sepsis pathogens. We performed a retrospective investigation on 69 ICU patients suspected of sepsis.

One-Dimensional High-Entropy Compounds.

One-dimensional (1D) high-entropy compounds (HECs) with subnano diameters are highly attractive because long-range electron delocalization may occur along the high-entropy atomic chain, which results in extraordinary properties. Nevertheless, synthesizing such 1D HECs presents a substantial challenge, and the physicochemical attributes of these novel structures remain ambiguous. Herein, we developed a comelting-filling-freezing-modification (co-MFFM) method for synthesizing 1D high-entropy metal phosphide (HEP) by simultaneously encapsulating various metal cations within single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) followed with a phosphorization process.

A multifunctional flavoprotein monooxygenase HspB for hydroxylation and C-C cleavage of 6-hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine.

Flavoprotein monooxygenases catalyze reactions, including hydroxylation and epoxidation, involved in the catabolism, detoxification, and biosynthesis of natural substrates and industrial contaminants. Among them, the 6-hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine (HSP) monooxygenase (HspB) from S16 facilitates the hydroxylation and C-C bond cleavage of the pyridine ring in nicotine. However, the mechanism for biodegradation remains elusive.

New insights into GATOR2-dependent interactions and its conformational changes in amino acid sensing.

Eukaryotic cells coordinate growth under different environmental conditions via mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In the amino-acid-sensing signalling pathway, the GATOR2 complex, containing five evolutionarily conserved subunits (WDR59, Mios, WDR24, Seh1L and Sec13), is required to regulate mTORC1 activity by interacting with upstream CASTOR1 (arginine sensor) and Sestrin2 (leucine sensor and downstream GATOR1 complex). GATOR2 complex utilizes β-propellers to engage with CASTOR1, Sestrin2 and GATOR1, removal of these β-propellers results in substantial loss of mTORC1 capacity.

The Effect of on Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease with high mortality rates and poor prognoses. The influence of ischemic stroke includes a heavy economic burden to patients and society, making the exploration of new therapeutic targets for preventing and treating ischemic stroke urgent. This study aimed to explore the effect of phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 () on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in ischemic stroke.