Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Venous Thromboembolism Prevention Among Orthopaedic Nurses in Comprehensive Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the current status of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention among orthopaedic nurses in comprehensive hospitals in Yichang, Hubei Province, China, and to analyse influencing factors to provide a reference for implementing VTE prevention strategies.

Methods: From February to March 2024, a total of 257 orthopaedic nurses from nine comprehensive hospitals in Yichang were surveyed using a convenience sampling method and investigated with a knowledge, attitudes and practices questionnaire for VTE prevention. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding VTE prevention among orthopaedic nurses.

High- miniaturized bound state in the continuum microcavities on thin-film lithium niobate towards efficient spatial light modulation.

We report the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of high-quality factor () photonic crystal microcavities on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) that could potentially be utilized for spatial light modulation applications. Specifically, our design features inverted trapezoidal structures to address the realistic shapes in the fabrication and employs the transverse magnetic mode to incorporate the electro-optic effect of lithium niobate via its large coefficient. By leveraging the high-order topological charge of  = -2 carried by bound states in the continuum (BICs), the proposed microcavity reaches an ultra-high up to 1.

Mechanistic Insights into Methylamine Electrosynthesis from CO and NO on Co-Based Dual-Atom Catalysts.

Methylamine (MMA) is a vital raw material in the chemical industry. Recent advances in electrochemical synthesis have enabled new routes for amide production via the coreduction of CO and nitrogen oxides. However, achieving selective C-N coupling with high Faradaic efficiency remains challenging due to the complexity of reaction intermediates and poorly understood mechanisms.

New α-Pyrones From Endophytic Fusarium Sp. L46 Isolated From Dioscorea opposita.

Fusarilactones D and E (1 and 2), two new α-pyrone derivatives, and four known compounds, namely, phomapyrone C (3), fusarester C (4), neovasifuranone B (5), and neovasifuranone A (6), were isolated from Fusarium sp. L46, an endophytic fungus isolated from Dioscorea opposita leaves. Their structures were determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectra, HRESIMS, and optical rotation measurements.

Neurokinin B is a potential target for treating disruption of intestinal mucosal barrier in acute mechanical intestinal obstruction.

Background: The neurokinin-B (NKB)/neurokinin-3-receptor (NK3R) pathway is involved in the inflammatory response. However, its role in the disruption of intestine mucosal barrier during mechanical intestinal obstruction (IO) remains unknown.

Methods: We collected serum samples from 30 mechanical IO patients and 30 healthy volunteers and measured the serum levels of NKB, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), diamine oxidase (DAO), and D‑lactate (D‑LA) by using ELISA.

Demonstration of a III-V/Si heterogeneous integrated photonic crystal edge-emitting laser.

Silicon-compatible light sources play a crucial role in optical communication and interconnect. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a photonic crystal edge-emitting laser (PCEEL) on the III-V/Si heterogeneous platform as a new, to our knowledge, possibility for on-chip laser. The laser leverages the point of a 2D photonic crystal and side-coupled to a ridge waveguide on silicon.

Coixol Protects Against Acute Kidney Injury by Reducing Cell Senescence.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased in-hospital mortality, yet effective therapeutic agents remain limited. Coixol, a polyphenolic compound derived from Coix, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, but its role in AKI remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Coixol exerts protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI by alleviating cellular senescence.

Construction of Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Tool for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine: A Multi-Centre Prospective Study.

To construct and validate the risk assessment tool of medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), help clinical medical staff to quickly and effectively screen high-risk groups and provide a reference for the development of targeted early intervention measures. The department of PCCM mainly treats elderly patients and patients with chronic diseases of the respiratory system, and frequently uses oxygen therapy devices, monitors and treatment pipelines. It is a high-risk department for MDRPI.

P4HA1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer and promotes proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC), a prevalent aggressive form of tumor, imposes a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide I (P4HA1), a key enzyme in collagen synthesis, comprises two identical alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Studies on the expression and impact of P4HA1 in GC cells are limited.

Complete mitochondrial genome of (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) and phylogenetic analysis.

(Kobayasi) Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit & Samson, originally described as , is a member of the Ophiocordycipitaceae, within the order Hypocreales. This study, presented the mitochondrial genome of structured as a circular molecule spanning 181,140 bp, was larger than those of most Ophiocordycipitaceae species. Despite this size variation, encoding 49 genes, including 15 PCGs, 26 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and six ORFs.

3D-Printed Biomimetic Vascular Scaffold Crosslinked with Heparan Sulfate for Sustained Release of PDGFB-LG4 Fusion Protein Promotes Bone Regeneration.

A central focus of bone tissue engineering is the construction of vascular systems, which provide nutrients for cell survival, remove metabolic waste, and accelerate tissue regeneration. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGFB) has the ability to stimulate both vascularization and bone regeneration; however, its clinical application has been hindered by side effects and low efficacy due to suboptimal delivery systems. In this study, a biomimetic vascular scaffold crosslinked with heparan sulfate (HS) is developed to enable sustained delivery of the PDGFB-LG4 fusion protein, targeting the regeneration of critically sized bone defects.

The Genetic Risk Score with Variants in PDGFs and PDGFRB for the Risk of Major Cardiovascular Adverse Events in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Aims: Previous studies have linked platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptor beta (PDGFRB) genetic variants to coronary artery disease (CAD), but their impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) remains unclear.

Methods: A cohort study of 3139 patients with CAD followed up until December 1, 2022 (median 5.42 years), genotyped 13 tagSNPs in PDGFs/PDGFRB pathway genes to establish weighted genetic risk scores (wGRS).

Large-scale transcript variants dictate neoepitopes for cancer immunotherapy.

Precise neoepitope discovery is crucial for effective cancer therapeutic vaccines. Conventional approaches struggle to build a repertoire with sufficient immunogenic epitopes. We developed a workflow leveraging full-length ribosome-nascent chain complex-bound mRNA sequencing (FL-RNC seq) and artificial intelligence-based predictive models to accurately identify the neoepitope landscape, especially large-scale transcript variants (LSTVs) missed by short-read sequencing.

PGD2/PTGDR2 Signaling Affects the Stemness of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells by Regulating Autophagy.

Background: Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) can inhibit the development of gastric cancer (GC); however, its role in the autophagic death of GC stem cells (GCSCs) remains elusive. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the mechanisms by which PGD2 regulates the stemness in GCSCs.

Methods: In this study, HGC27-derived GCSCs were employed to knock down PGD2 receptor 2 (PTGDR2).

A global overview of shared genetic architecture between smoking behaviors and major depressive disorder in European and East Asian ancestry.

Background: The co-occurrence of smoking behaviors and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been widely documented in populations. However, the underlying mechanism of this association remains unclear.

Methods: Genome-wide association studies of smoking behaviors and MDD, combined with multi-omics datasets, were used to characterise genetic correlations, identify shared loci and genes, and explore underlying biological mechanisms.

Identifying Novel Inflammatory Protein Biomarkers and Drug Targets of Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Integrating Mendelian Randomization, Bioinformatics, and Druggability Analysis.

Introduction: Inflammatory proteins have the potential to be used as therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to probe causal associations between 91 circulating inflammatory proteins and IBD in the discovery and replication cohorts. Subsequently, we conducted meta-analysis of results from two cohorts.

Study on Fire Temperature Field in Small-Section Steel-Shell Concrete Immersed Tube Tunnel Structure Based on CFD-FEM Method.

Small-section steel-shell concrete immersed tube tunnels are intended for minibuses and have a low fire heat release rate. Standard fire rise curves do not apply to such tunnels. In this study, a coupled method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the structural temperature distribution in tunnels.

PGD2/PTGDR2 signaling pathway affects the self-renewal capacity of gastric cancer stem cells by regulating ATG4B ubiquitination.

Background: Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibits the development of different malignant tumors; however, the underlying mechanism of inhibiting tumor development is not yet clear. This study aimed to elucidate how PGD2 inhibits the stemness of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) autophagy and its underlying molecular mechanism to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Methods: In this study, GCSCs were enriched by serum-free incubation.

Strain-tunable optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties of 2D GaN/MoSiP heterobilayers: potential optoelectronic/photocatalytic materials.

Herein, we propose a new GaN/MoSiP van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructure constructed by vertically stacking GaN and MoSiP monolayers. Its electronic, optical, and photocatalytic properties are explored DFT++BSE calculations. The calculated binding energy and phonon spectrum demonstrated the material's high stabilities.

Air pollution, residential greenspace, and the risk of incident immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a prospective cohort study of 356,482 participants.

This study investigated the associations of air pollution and residential greenspace with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) risk, along with their combined effects, in a cohort of 356,482 UK Biobank participants free of ITP at baseline. Ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (Nox), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ranging between 2.

Identification and validation of WDR5 WIN-site ligands via DNA-encoded chemical library screening.

WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) is a scaffolding protein involved in critical protein-protein interactions and a promising target for therapeutic development. Novel small-molecule ligands targeting WDR5 were identified using the DELopen platform, a free-access DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) for academic research. Through off-DNA structure-activity relationship studies and photoaffinity labeling, two promising initial leads, DBL-6-13 and DBL-6-33, were identified as new binders of WDR5.

Vitamin D Supplementation Reduces Hyperlipidemia and Improves Bone Mass in Pediatric Obesity.

The objective of this study was to provide guidelines to clinicians for the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency with an emphasis on the care of patients who are at risk for obesity and diabetes. Our aim was to determine the relationship between vitamin D3 and metabolic syndrome, and investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on hyperlipidemia, glucose metabolism, and bone mass in pediatric patients with obesity. We conducted a study between January 2018 and January 2020, with a total of 723 children invited to participate.

Immune traits in combination with inflammatory proteins revealing the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases: A Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Prior observational research has shown relationships between immune cells, inflammatory proteins, and autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), but their causal associations remain controversial. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the causal association between them.

Methods: We carried out a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to clarify causal associations between 731 immune traits, 91 circulating inflammatory proteins, and AILD, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).